The increasing global energy demand is a problem that people have been paying attention to, people’s demand for energy is increasingly urgent, and improving energy efficiency has become a hot topic in this century. Studies have shown that pulsating flow has an important effect on heat transfer, and it has been concluded in most literatures that turbulent pulsation can enhance heat transfer in different degrees. Pulsation heat transfer is a comprehensive heat transfer process, and the best heat transfer performance can be achieved only when the thermal resistance of each part is reasonably coordinated. Based on the principle of hydraulic shock, this paper develops a device with warm substrate which can be used to increase the pulsating pressure and enhance the heat transfer efficiency of pulsating flow. Firstly, the construction scheme of the experimental device is proposed, and the working principle of the experimental device is described in detail. The complex impedance, frequency function, amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic are obtained by mathematical transformation of power supply circuit. Finally, the frequency response of the circuit is constructed.

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Study of agrochemical and physical-chemical properties gray-brown soils of the Karabakh plain

Osmanova Sona

Статья научная

Research is conducted at the Terter Regional Experimental Station of the Research Institute for Agriculture. In order to improve the fertility of gray-brown soils and obtain high-quality crop yields, we studied the agrochemical and physical-chemical properties of the experimental plot. Thus, the analysis of gray-brown soils showed that, according to the gradation adopted in Azerbaijan, these soils are poorly supplied with nutrients, in an easily digestible form of plants. Therefore, it is necessary to make in these soils together organic and mineral fertilizers.

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Study of bioactive compounds and resources of some species of wormwood (Artemisia abrotanum L., A. maritima L., A. pauciflora weber, A. issaevii rzazade) distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan

Ibrahimova Sevda, Ibrahimov Aliyar, Alasgarova Adelya

Статья научная

As a result of analysis of the literature data and our research, for the first-time distribution of the species Artemisia abrotanum L., A. maritima L., A. pauciflora Weber, A. issaevii Rzazade in different regions of Azerbaijan by obtaining bioactive compounds typical for them is confirmed in the article in detail. Distribution, resources, ecological features, as well as useful properties of wormwood ( Artemisia L.) species found in the flora of Azerbaijan were studied by us, their possibilities of use in various fields of folk and agriculture were recommended. General distribution areas, biological and ecological features of all species were studied. Essential oil was obtained using the Ginsberg hydrodistillation method and component content was determined by the method of Gas Chromato-Mass Spectroscopy. Gas Chromato-Mass Spectroscopy was performed using Agilent 5977A MS gas chromatography and Agilent 7890 GC inert Mass Selector Detector. A. abrotanum L., which is new for the flora of Azerbaijan, two new substances, steroids (β-sitosterol St-1, stigmasterol St-1) was obtained from A. maritima L . species three substances, α-santonin, artemisin, glabellin was obtained. In the composition of the aerial part of the species A. pauciflora Web., 60 terpenoid compounds were identified, 17 components were detected by mass spectroscopy.

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Study of blood analysis of first-year Indian students upon arrival in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek)

Niyazalieva A., Karaeva R., Soltobaeva Zh., Kalimova R.

Статья научная

Our study focuses on the analysis of red blood cells and leukocyte formula indicators in foreign students from India upon their arrival in Kyrgyzstan. Based on the leukocyte formula results, during the short-term adaptation phase, no tendencies of overexertion or disruptions in the adaptation mechanism were observed among both male and female Indian students. Furthermore, there was no observed decline in health levels or the onset of acute and chronic diseases during this period. The resilience of the body to stress reactions under different socio-climatic conditions showed that the general blood analysis parameters for these students remained within the bounds of stable homeostasis, determined by their individual potential.

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Study of dynamic characteristics of clay solution under the influence of vibration

Suleimanov T., Khairabadi G.

Статья научная

It is known that with the help of a vibrating sieve for vibration separation (separation) of a clay solution, the following technological problems are solved: cleaning the clay solution from drilled rocks and separating it into fractions, i.e. sorting. Signs of separation of drilled rocks from clay solution using vibration are the size of the drilled rocks, the shape and density of the clay solution itself, etc. It has been shown that in order to improve the basic technological characteristics of the vibrating sieve, it is necessary to study the behavior of the clay solution in the vibrating sieve.

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Study of fauna and ecology of species belonging to Entodynimorpha in the regions of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Seyidova L.

Статья научная

Rumen Protozoa are strictly anaerobic and highly specialized ciliates and can live only in the rumen and similar habitats. These Ciliata play an important role in feed utilization and indicate the environmental impact (methane emissions and nitrogen excretion) of ruminant production. Digestion of feed in ruminants depends on the life activity of microorganisms. Without their help, ruminants could not assimilate cellulose with simple non-protein compounds. These microorganisms located in rumen decompose the organic substances in the feed and form volatile fatty acids, ammonia, amino acids, which animals use for their development and reproduction. In the rumen of domesticated cattle and sheep, rumen cilia constitute 20-50% of the total microbial biomass. Rumen Ciliata develop symbiotic relationships with their animal hosts and both symbiotic and predator-prey relationships with other members of the rumen microbiota. The lack of axenic cultures of rumen Ciliata has forced researchers to use other methods to determine the metabolism and functions of rumen Protozoa, such as comparing rumen fermentation and microbial profiles of faunal and non-ciliated cattle or sheep or using in vitro cultures.

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Study of heterosis in hybridization of geographically distant gossypium varieties

Zeinalova Aiten

Статья научная

In the study, hybridization was carried out between the local Gossypium variety and geographically distant Gossypium varieties to obtain a selection starting material. To determine the effect of heterosis, hybrids obtained from the crossing of Ganja-110 Gossypium variety with geographically distant cotton varieties were studied, F1 generation hybrids showed a positive dominance in terms of growing season. The fiber yield of F1 hybrids of Ganja-110 × Selekt hybrid combination was the dominant hereditary character. In F1, the mass of raw cotton obtained from one cocoon was close to the parent form with a larger cocoon in hybrids obtained for all combinations. F1 hybrids were superior in fiber length compared to their parent forms. In the F1 hybrid offspring, all combinations were close to the parent form with high fiber length. The individual samples collected according to the characteristic shown in F3 were higher than the parent form, and sometimes closer to the parent form with higher fiber length. The individual samples collected from the hybrid seeds studied in the experiment were quite effective.

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Study of ontogenetic structure and density of the coenopopulation of Hedysarum atropatanum Bunge ex Boiss. flora of daridag

Heydarova A.

Статья научная

The article presents findings from a study of the demographic structure and density of the population of the species Hedysarum atropatanum Bunge ex Boiss., which is widely distributed in the Daridag area. A total of ten ontogenetic states (seed, seedling, juvenile, immature, virginile, young generative, middle aged generative, aged generative, subsenile and senile) of the H. atropatanum species were observed. The processes of ontogenesis, which can be classified as normal, fast, or slow, were identified as the primary mechanisms driving species evolution. Additionally, instances of developmental disruptions, rejuvenation, and the manifestations of aging were observed. The majority of individuals belonging to the species H. atropatanum exhibit a normal to rapid growth rate. It has been observed that the process of ontogenesis is slower in areas with high plant density. It was determined that the secondary quiescence period does not manifest during the initial stages of development; rather, it becomes feasible only after the individuals have reached the virginal state. It has not been observed that immature individuals bypass the virginal state and immediately transition to mature generative plants. The vitality status of the individuals was determined based on a comprehensive analysis of multiple morphological traits, including the height of the specimens, the number of shoots, the number of flower carriers, the length of the leaves, the size of the leaves, and the number of flowers in the flower group. Following the statistical processing of the data, three classes of vitality were identified. A study revealed that individuals of the second vitality level of the H. atropatanum species are more prevalent in the coenopopulation. The optimal habitats of the H. atropatanum species are characterized by sparse grasslands with a projected cover of no more than 10-35%.

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Study of pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L

Ismayilov P., Mehtiyeva F.

Статья научная

In article the results of overview research about pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is given. Liquorice (licorice) root is derived from the inner part of the root and underground stem (rhizome) of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae, the bean family). The peeled drug is of much higher quality than the root with the bark, and is produced in several south-eastern European countries, Turkey, China and Russia. It has a very characteristic taste and smell, and is used in confectionery. The sweet taste also makes the identification of the drug relatively easy and so adulteration is uncommon. The most important bioactive secondary metabolite is glycyrrhizic acid, a water-soluble pentacyclic triterpene saponin which gives the drug its characteristic sweet taste (it is about 50 times sweeter than sucrose). Liquorice also contains numerous flavonoids (chalcones and isoflavonoids), coumarins and polysaccharides, which contribute to the activity.

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Study of photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and relative water content of flag leaf in soft wheat genotypes under different water supply conditions

Jahangirov Atabek, Mammadova Sevinj, Allahverdiyev Tofik, Huseynova Irada

Статья научная

The results of the study of the relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters of the flag leaves in 21 soft wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions of Mountain Shirvan have been presented in the paper. The research was performed with drought-exposed and irrigated variants during the grain filling phase. RWC of the flag leaves of Vostorg, Murov 2, Tale 38, and Gyrmyzy gul 1 genotypes was higher both under drought and irrigated conditions. There was a positive correlation between RWC and earing time, and a negative correlation between RWC and plant height. The average difference in RWC between irrigated and drought-exposed variants for all genotypes was 10.1%. In 12thIWWYT no. 9 and 12thIWWYT no. 20 lines, this difference was high (26.5 and 19.6%), while in Gyzyl bughda, Murov 2, and Ferrigineum 2/19 genotypes, it was low (3.5, 3.6, and 2.9%). The highest values of the rate of photosynthesis were observed in the drought-exposed genotypes Sheki 1, Aran, Tale 38, and Zirva 85 (14.2, 14.8, 14.1, and 14.3 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), and in the irrigated genotypes Aran, Vostorg, and 12thIWWYT no. 9 (24.9, 23.4, and 24.0 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1). Stomatal conductance (0.115, 0.120, 0.130, 0.164 mol H2O m-2 s-1), the concentration of CO2 in intercellular spaces (146.3, 156, 5, 181.7, and 213.7 µmol CO2mol-1) and the transpiration rate (3.32, 3.58, 4.13 and 4.44 mmol H2O m-2 s-1) were higher in the Sheki 1, Aran, Tale 38, and Zirva 85 varieties, which manifest higher photosynthetic rate under drought conditions than other genotypes. A significant positive correlation of RWC with the rate of photosynthesis, the stomatal conductance, the concentration of CO2 in intercellular spaces, and the rate of transpiration was found under drought stress conditions.

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Study of physical and mechanical properties of locally dispersed feed mixture components in optimal composition

Abdiyeva N.

Статья научная

The study highlights the relevance of creating a mechanized and automated local power-mixed feed production area that ensures the efficient use of complete ration mixed feeds. The object of the study was to create an efficient production area based on the use of local feed base and imported feed additives, microelement feed complex, dosage and mixing of complete ration feed components, their physical and mechanical properties and their effect on the quality indicators of the process. The results obtained allow us to select appropriate operating modes to avoid a decrease in mixing quality when an increase of more than 20% of fillers in complete feed is required.

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Study of populations of Urtica dioica L. in the mountain areas of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Mammadli T., Ganbarov D.

Статья научная

The distribution, ontogenetic structure, age and growth structure of hay meadow populations, productivity in different periods of ontogenesis of all populations of Urtica dioica L. are considered. Populations of this species are identified and studied. Urtica dioica is a common plant in the highlands of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. An assessment of 10 populations was carried out, the data were presented in the form of tables and graphs. The structure of ontogenesis was studied based on the population method. It has been established that this plant is distributed as part of plant groups in the herbaceous, shrub and forest vegetation of the Sharur, Babek, Kengerli, Shahbuz and Ordubad administrative regions of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

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Study of quality indicators and genetic affinity of hard wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) wheat samples by gliadin electrophoretic spectra

Sadigova S., Sadigov H., Mammadova G., Poladova G., Eyyubova N.

Статья научная

According to statistical indicators, wheat takes major part of food ration of people. It is raw material for preparing food products such as macarons, tandir bread etc. Under different environmental conditions it is important to develop wheat biotypes with high genetic diversity and variety is a biological factor that has strong influence on obtaining a high-quality product. The research aim is to define technological and biochemical indicators of hard wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes and prolamin markers, to identify and passport reserve proteins of gliadin and gluten. It is appropriate to ensure the selection of existing genotypes by determining gliadin-encoding loci, which are considered markers of certain economically important traits. Overall were used 41 samples. Most of the samples had high vitreousness ranging between 84% and 100% which was determined in OLIS D3-3 diaphanascope. The amount of wet gluten was determined in KDI-1 apparatus. Grain moisture content was determined using a GAC 2100 Grain Analysis Computer. 9 samples were selected due to high-quality indicators. Polymorphism of gliadin resource proteins was electrophoretically analyzed on a polyacrylamide gel (Acid-PAGE) and based on the diversity of 4 zones (ω, γ, β, α) distinguished as a result of the analysis of the obtained electropherograms, 0-1 operation was performed, and the genetic diversity index was calculated. Based on results, it is more applicable to consider the allelic blocks of the gliadin-encoding loci related to quality, adaptability and productivity traits.

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Study of rare and endangered species of the Astragalus L. genus in the natural flora of Azerbaijan

Mammadov Tofig, Gadirova N., Aliyeva Sh.

Статья научная

In the study, analysis of 29 rare and endangered plant categories of 156 species of Astragalus L. naturally distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan, was conducted. The study found that the area of most species is much smaller than in previous years, and the gene pool of some is endangered. The article provides information on the habitats, biological characteristics, reserves, reasons for changes in natural resources and conservation measures. In the research work, 15 species of Astragalus L. genus were included in the book “Rare Trees and shrubs of Azerbaijan” (2016). As a result of our research, it was determined that 30 new species of the Astragalus L. genus have a small area because of the exposure to anthropogenic factors, and very rare in nature due to lack of special protection. In carrying out the necessary protection measures in the studied species, it was found that 7 new species are endemic, and 23 species are recommended to be included in the Red Book of Azerbaijan as endangered shrubs and plants.

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Study of sap-sucking pests of mung bean and their control

Sadullayeva M., Xolliev A.

Статья научная

Mung bean, a vital legume crop, faces significant challenges due to sap-sucking insect pests such as thrips, aphids, whiteflies, and stink bugs. These pests damage plants, causing chlorosis, leaf curling, and transmitting viral diseases. These infestations reduce yield, seed quality, and market value. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is proposed as a sustainable approach, but there is a knowledge gap regarding its effectiveness in Central Asian agroecosystems. This study aims to examine key sap-sucking pests, analyze their biological and ecological characteristics, and evaluate the effectiveness of various pest management strategies. The study tested three types of chemical pesticides against spider mites on mung bean crops at the Scientific Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources in Tashkent region. The results showed that applying these pesticides at the specified application rates provided a biological efficacy of over 87-95% against spider mites, making them suitable for controlling spider mites on mung beans. This research aims to develop a comprehensive, sustainable pest control framework that enhances mung bean productivity while ensuring environmental safety.

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Study of species of Campanula L. subgenus found in Karabakh and Zangezur flora

Akbarova A., Salimov R.

Статья обзорная

Karabakh and Zangezur are the south-eastern end of the Lesser Caucasus, and they are distinguished by their climate and landscape diversity with a rich in vegetation. Analysis of literature and herbarium specimens collected in this region is an invaluable source for a comprehensive assessment of the state of the ecosystems of Karabakh and Zangezur over the past 30 years. This is the purpose of the study of the genus Campanula which is widespread in the northern hemisphere and is of special importance for the flora of the Caucasus. According to literature, 110 species of this genus are found in the Caucasus, and 46 - in Azerbaijan. The history of the study of the genus, its geographical distribution, as well as the taxa found in the flora of Karabakh and Zangezur were compared, and the herbarium data stored in the BAK were analyzed. It was found that the subgenus Campanula L., which is the richest of the subgenus in terms of the number of species of the genus, includes 11 sections. And 18 taxa belonging to 7 sections are found in the flora of Azerbaijan, 11 taxa of which are found in the flora of Karabakh and Zangezur. During the examination of herbarium specimens of the genus Campanula L. stored in the BAK, it was found that 20 herbarium specimens belonging to 5 species were collected from Karabakh region.

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Study of stable social relations in the family in the works of eastern thinkers

Yulchieva Dildora

Статья научная

In this article, since ancient times, advanced persons in society, scientists, scholars and sages have paid particular attention to the issues of family and marriage. Abu Raikhan Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Abu Nasr Farabi, Yusuf Khos Hajib, Kaykovus, Alisher Navoi, Abdullah Avloni, Abdurauf Fitrat, many great scholars and scientists of the East left behind many scientific and practical ideas about raising a well-rounded person in their family and family social relations. These ideas are great importance for modern science and practice. Eastern thinkers of the past emphasized the importance of the family and family education in the maturity and development of a well-rounded person. In particular, they paid special attention to the fact that interpersonal relations in the family, the moral formation of the father and mother have a special place in the upbringing of the child, that the integrity and harmony of the family depend on all the family members. The Avesta, a book of Zoroastrianism written 2700 years earlier, states that the family is a sacred place, and that husbands and wives are equally responsible for the stability of family relations, especially in raising children. The following is said about what depends on the peace and well-being of the family: “Porso, if a person restore a house and allocates a place for fire, his family, his wife and children, if his house is filled with good things and his wife and children live comfortably, if there is faith, constant fire, and other things in abundance in his house, that address is respectable”. At the same time, it is explained that what should be paid special attention to ensure positive and stable relations in the family. According to the Avesta, it is better for the father to be the leader in the family.

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Study of sulfonamides (used as corrosion inhibitors) for possibility to adsorption on steel

Sikachina Andrei

Статья научная

In this paper, the process of adsorption of organic compounds of the sulfonamides class on iron (available in 97% of St3 steel) is modeled using the HyperChem package version 8.0.7 using the semi-empirical ZINDO / 1 method. The structures of sulfonamides for the study were chosen so that the sequential complication of the molecular structure could be traced. Such an approach, as will be shown below, accurately reflects the process of corrosion protection with bacterial content by chemisorption of an organic compound on the metal surface to form a complex compound. In the course of the study, the compositions of the complexes obtained, the energies of the boundary orbitals, and a graph depicting the dependence of the charge density on the iron atom on the component of the corrosion rate that is due to chemisorption effects were obtained and analyzed. On the graph there are equations of lines.

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Study of the Chemical Composition of the Fruits of Crataegus orientalis L. and Use

Rahimova S., Hasanov K.

Статья научная

The article presents a phytochemical study of the fruits of Crataegus orientalis L. and, based on the results obtained, a comprehensive scheme for their use was developed. The main components of oriental hawthorn fruits (flavonoids, carotenes, water-soluble polysaccharides, etc.) were sequentially isolated from the same sample and studied using modern physicochemical methods. The characterization of these compounds was achieved by chemical, as well as various chromatographic and spectroscopic (UV/VIS, 1h- and 13c-nmr) methods. The scheme presented in the research work is dedicated to solving a very important and important problem in the direction of waste-free or low-waste complex processing of plant raw materials. A scheme for complex processing of fruits is proposed, including stage IV and allowing the extraction of carotenoids, flavonoids, water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances of hemicellulose, α-cellulose and fatty oil from seeds.

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Study of the Effect of Rheum ribes L. Plant Extract on Human Lung Cancer Cells in vitro (A549)

Guliyeva N.

Статья научная

An extract of Rheum ribes L. was isolated and its effect on lung cancer cells (A549) was determined. Cancer is a group of diseases in which malignant tumor cells with the potential to spread and undergo abnormal cell division break away from their original location and invade other parts of the body. According to literature and studies, rhubarb is used as an important medicinal plant. Its medicinal use is due to the presence of anthracene or its derivatives (e.g., anthraquinones) in its composition. The chemical components were isolated and studied. The effective effect of rhubarb extract on cancer cells was determined - there was a decrease in the growth of cancer cells.

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