Сельскохозяйственные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
A comparative analysis of canine rabies vaccines
Статья научная
In order to prevent rabies in dogs, vaccination is the most practical solution. The immunogenicity of vaccination is assessed using specific rabies virus ELISA kits. We conducted this study to measure the immune response induced by three selected vaccines, Multikan 8, Biocan R, and Nobivac Rabies, among dogs. ELISA testing was conducted in Azerbaijan for the first time in order to measure vaccines’ ability to generate antibodies, and vaccines were compared.
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Статья научная
In this study, the prevalence of Eimeria species among domestic chickens in Shahbuz district of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic during 2021-2024 was analyzed according to age characteristics. For this purpose, 533 chicken feces of different age groups were collected from the mountainous and foothill areas of the region and Eimeria species were found in 372 (IE-69.7%) samples. As a result of morphological analysis, E. tenella , E. maxima , E. acervulina , E. praecox , E. mitis , E. necatrix and E. brunetti species were detected and differences were observed in their distribution according to age groups. The infection level was found to be higher in 0-3 and 4-7 months old chickens, especially in the skirt sections. The results obtained in the study indicate that the age of the chickens plays an important role in the distribution of species of the genus Eimeria . These results are of great importance for establishing effective control and prevention strategies in the region.
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Статья научная
In 2013-2018, the spread of 11 species (Anisoplia austriaca (Herbst, 1783), A. segetum (Herbst, 1783) = Chaetopteroplia segetum (Herbst, 1783), Amphimallon solstitiale (L., 1758), Cetonia aurata (L., 1758), Epicometis hirta (Poda, 1761) = Tropinota hirta (Poda, 1761), Melolontha melolontha (L., 1758), Miltotrogus aequinoctialis (Herbst, 1790), Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761), Pentodon idiota (Herbst, 1789), Polyphylla olivieri (Castelnau, 1840), Rhizotrogus aestivus (Olivier, 1789)) belonging to 10 genera (Amphimallon Latreille, 1825, Anisoplia Schönherr, 1817, Cetonia Fabricius, 1775, Melolontha Fabricius, 1775, Miltotrogus Reitter, 1902, Oxythyrea Mulsant, 1842, Pentodon Hope, 1837, Polyphylla Harris, 1841, Rhizotrogus Latreille, 1825, Tropinota Mulsant, 1842) of Scarabs (Scarabaeidae) family of Beetles group has been defined in the stationery fields during the studies in the agroecosystems of Aghdash and Imishli which are the main districts of Azerbaijan planting the sugar beet. During the research’s, detailed information has been collected on the spread, growth dynamics and the damaging effect of 11 species in the agroecosystem. It has been defined that although there is no mass increase and sharp damage between the species during the research years, the monitoring about the number and growth of them should be regularly carried out. However, each species can cause serious damage to the farms during mass growth. Therefore, it is essential to carry out the monitoring constantly in the agroecosystem. The results obtained from the research can be used during the preventive measures for the pests.
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Agricultural terms used in Surkhan oasis
Статья научная
It is analyzed the terms that belong to the agriculture of the Surkhan Oasis such as arable lands, local fertilizers that serve to increase productivity, tools of labor which related to agriculture, names of workers in the field, terms which related to irrigation system in this article.
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Agrochemical characterization of podzolic-yellow soils fertilized for a long time
Статья научная
It is known from our research that in the last 40-50 years, as a result of intensive use of podzol-yellow soils, the reserve and amount of humus reduced, mechanical composition relatively lightened, but relatively stabilization was observed in humus quantity in the areas where the crop rotation was available. It is known that among the agricultural plants, the standard soil for tea plant - weakly podzolic yellow soil has a score of 100 points on the quality scale. Every year application of mineral fertilizers is required in order to get a lot of green leaf crops from the tea plant bushes in terms of soil-ecological requirements. Therefore, physiological acid ammonium-sulfate fertilizer is applied to bushes at a high dose every year. The super-phosphate fertilizer with more gazh in its composition is applied together with nitrogen fertilizer in order to increase its efficiency. In addition to it, potassium-chlorine or potassium-sulfate is applied. According to the research results it can be noted that humus of moderately washed sort decreased 0,1-1,30%, total nitrogen - 0,07-0,08%, absorbed ammoniac - 20,60-40,14 mg/kg, ammoniac dissolved in water - 1,56-4,38 mg/kg, nitrate - 0,24-2,34 mg/kg, total phosphorus - 0,04-0,05%, gross phosphorus - 2,28-23,54 mg/kg, total potassium - 0,14-0,80 %, exchangeable potassium - 50,0-77,4 mg/kg compared to non-degraded sort.
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Agroecological characteristics of irrigated grass-gray soils of the Mil-Mughan economic region
Статья научная
The article provides an interpretation of the agroecological characteristics of irrigated grass-gray soils of the Mil-Mughan economic region and provides extensive information about the physicochemical properties of these soils. Based on studies conducted on irrigated meadow-gray soils, the following results were obtained: the genetic layer of soil 0-55 cm was washed away from easily soluble salts, the humus content in all other genetic layers was 0.3-2.1%, total nitrogen 0.11-0.20%, absorbed bases total 18.0-23.0 mg-eq., physical clay (3, nitrate nitrogen (N/NO3) 3.0-14.0 mg/kg, ammonia nitrogen (N/NH3) 3.0-20.7 mg/kg, C:N - 6.0-7.0, hygroscopic moisture 9.1-4.6%, CaCO3 8.0-17.0%.
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Статья научная
Various quality indicators of Zagatala 420 corn seeds were studied in 4 plots. Zagatala 420 is a high-yielding corn variety cultivated in Azerbaijan. The study was conducted at the Zagatala Regional Experimental Station of the Research Institute of Agriculture. Temperature stress in corn seeds reduces the ability to germinate. The results show that the germination and physical characteristics of Zagatala 420 corn seeds significantly affect the yield. The effect of various soil conditions on corn seed germination and plant development rate was studied. It was found that the use of fertilizers accelerates the germination of corn seeds. This variety is recommended for cultivation in various agro-ecological regions of the country. The results of the study show that Zagatala 420 is resistant to diseases and pests when using an integrated plant protection system. Flat-shaped seeds develop better in the field than seeds of other shapes.
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Статья научная
According to the article, grasslands amount for 103,816 hectares out of 5,502.78 km2 total area of Nakhchivan AR. The grasslands play a vital role in the development of livestock, especially rearing of bovine animals, small-horned livestock and beekeeping. Descriptive research work has been conducted in the field, in order to determine the role of grasslands in the development of livestock farming. There is a strong need for conducting study of the area on the basis of landscape planning. As a consequence of a series of natural and anthropogenic factors, a number of environmental issues have arisen on grasslands, and as a result, some areas have become unusable. 58,020 hectares or more than 50% of grasslands became unusable. On the other hand, 45,796 hectares are in good condition. It should be outlined that since destructive factors outpower restorative factors, there is a risk of losing grasslands in the future. It is about time to seriously engage in the solution of environmental problems related to grasslands. Otherwise, we will face bitter consequences. Therefore, landscape planning should be applied in every research work. Hierarchical landscape composition of the area and the problems in each composition should be clearly defined, and the solutions should be developed accordingly. Research work is notably topical in this context.
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Amelioration State of Soils at the Mouth of the Kur River
Статья научная
The analysis of the melioration state of soils at the mouth of the Kura River in the Salyan district was carried out in 2019-2024. The territory is mainly covered with gray-brown, gray, gray-meadow, meadow and meadow-marsh soils. In all areas of cotton and grain crop cultivation, the soils are saline and solonchakous to varying degrees, crusted, swamped, etc. Regardless of the depth of groundwater, there are various types of salinization depending on the agrochemical composition of the soils. In the territory through which the Kura River flows, there is an inappropriate use of its waters, discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater into the river. This is manifested to a greater extent at the mouth of the Kura River, causing floods that pose a threat to the population living here, and creating environmental problems in the marine area. A detailed study of environmental violations at the mouth of the Kura River is relevant. The existing hydrological condition has been analyzed, the causes of melioration problems have been determined, and recommendations have been proposed. The results obtained serve the development of sustainable agriculture and long-term conservation of soil resources in the region.
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Статья научная
The age and seasonal dynamics of goat infestation with parasites of the genus Eimeria in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are analyzed. Observations conducted on farms in the Republic revealed that the highest level of infestation with Eimeria was recorded in the autumn months (51.4%), while the lowest was in the summer season (15.0%). Six species were recorded in the winter, spring, and autumn seasons, while only three species (E. absheronica, E. yolchijevi, and E. ninakohlyakimovae) were recorded in the summer season. The increase in the number of infestations in the autumn months is mainly due to humid and mild weather, as well as the fact that animals are kept indoors for certain periods. Under these conditions, increased contact between animals accelerates the transmission of infection. At the same time, moderate temperatures and humidity create favorable conditions for the formation of spores and the development of Eimeria oocysts in the external environment. The decline in infection rates during the summer months is explained by goats grazing more on open pastures and frequently changing grazing locations. Exposure to sunlight, especially ultraviolet radiation, high temperatures, and dry soil, leads to the destruction of oocysts, reducing the intensity of infection. It has also been established that young goats are more susceptible to eimeriosis, and the infection rate decreases with age.
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Anomalies occurring in eggs in ovarian diseases in quails and ways of their prevention
Статья научная
Nowadays, people are suffering from food shortage. To meet the protein needs of people, meat and eggs of birds are of great importance. Among non-infectious diseases of quails in Azerbaijan, ovarian and oviduct pathologies are mainly observed. Ovarian pathologies are most often observed in ovaries of white English breed. Eggs obtained from them as a result of ovarian disease have no bark, are deformed, their weight is reduced, striped deposits are observed on the bark, and their ability to hatch is reduced. To prevent diseases of quails after 210 days use sodium salt of succinic acid, Aydagh zeolite, sprouted and enriched with ultraviolet rays wheat and Poly-Vital. Ovarian and oviduct diseases are prevented, and egg quality is improved.
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Application of new fungicides against the diseases of agricultural crops
Статья научная
This article outlines the results of the research conducted on farms Changimardon bogi in Parkent District of Tashkent Region and Behruz Baraka Fayz in Tashkent District of Tashkent Region on the origin and spread of downy mildew disease of the grapevine and phytophthora disease of potato plant, the symptoms of the diseases and their damage, and the data on the biological efficacy of new fungicide Pilarzox 25.5% SC applied against these diseases. As a result of our research: In the variant with Pilarzox 25.5% SC fungicide treatment at a rate of 1.2 l/ha against downy mildew disease of grapevine, the spread of the disease was 4.7%, the development of the disease was 0.7%, and the biological efficiency was 91.0%. The highest biological efficacy of potato plant against phytophthora disease was observed in the variant with Pilarzox 25.5% SC fungicide treatment at a rate of 2.5 l/ha. At the same time, the development of the disease was 2.4% in the leaves, 2.1% in the stems, and the biological efficiency was 89.5% in the leaves and 89.2% in the stems.
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Assessment of producing abilities of farmland in a limited water supply environment of Uzbekistan
Статья научная
This article is investigated the calculation of the natural soil productivity of agricultural land plots in the current conditions of limited water supply in the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is considered one of the developing countries of Central Asia, i. e., it studies both theoretical and methodological aspects of determining the soil assessment and issues of economic land assessment based on it. That is why the rational and efficient use of irrigation water in today’s restricted distribution is one of the most important issues for any economy, and it is important to consider the evaluation of soils and economic evaluation of irrigated land, a land assessment, the positive solution of a number of economic issues.
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Статья научная
The article discusses the effects of different tillage methods, predecessors, and mineral fertilizers on the soil bulk density and soil moisture content of light-gray-brown soils at the rainfed condition. The results of the research conducted during the years 2014-2017 under cereal crops reveal that the soil bulk density and soil moisture content exhibit dynamic changes within the vegetation period, depending on the tillage method, the growth stages of the crops and other factor. Furthermore, there is differentiation in the moisture content and soil bulk density between the topsoil and the subsoil layer. During the research period moisture content varies depending on precipitation, crop growth stages, predecessors. Optimum moisture level is observed within periods of relatively higher precipitation and intensive growth stage of crops. Soil bulk density has varied within the range of 0.97-1.53 g/cm³. Favorable physical condition has been observed under the conventional and minimum tillage. Based on the research findings, the bulk density and moisture content of light-gray-brown arable soils can be assessed satisfactory through relevant quantitative indicators.
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Atmospheric Deposition and Irrigation Water in the Ganja–Gazakh Region
Статья научная
The findings of this study demonstrate that accurate assessment of the nutrient balance in agricultural crops requires the determination of nutrient inputs to the soil through atmospheric deposition and irrigation water. The results of studies conducted in different regions and on various crop species indicate that atmospheric precipitation and irrigation water constitute important natural sources contributing to the replenishment of soil nutrient reserves. According to the available evidence, atmospheric deposition supplies the soil primarily with nitrogen in the form of ammonia, as well as nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The quantity of these nutrients varies depending on annual precipitation, climatic conditions, seasonal variation, industrial emissions, and other environmental factors. Irrigation water also plays a significant role in maintaining soil fertility by supplying essential nutrients. In particular, potassium input through irrigation water has been reported to be relatively high, ranging from 20 to 39 kg ha⁻¹ in numerous studies. The corresponding inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus have been estimated at 2.8–3.8 kg ha⁻¹ and 0.9–1.4 kg ha⁻¹, respectively. The results also indicate that the application of appropriate irrigation regimes and modern cultivation technologies is essential for increasing the productivity of forage crops. The cultivation of annual forage species contributes to alleviating feed shortages during the summer–autumn period, while irrigation applied at the optimal time and in appropriate amounts promotes normal plant growth and enhances crop productivity. Overall, atmospheric deposition and irrigation water not only replenish soil moisture reserves but also supply the soil–plant system with essential nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. In doing so, they play a crucial role in nutrient cycling, the maintenance of soil fertility, and the improvement of agricultural crop productivity. Therefore, nutrient inputs from atmospheric deposition and irrigation water should be systematically considered when developing fertilizer management strategies.
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Статья научная
The possibility of preventing salmonellosis in chicken (pathogen agent - Salmonella enterica , serovar Enteritidis (SE)) by using specific yolk IgY was discussed in presented article. There has been raising the number of reports in the scientific periodicals about increased antibiotic resistance of Salmonella . SE is one of the most common Salmonella serovars worldwide that causes food poisoning in humans. At the same time, infected chicken eggs and meat serve as the main source of infection. For extraction of the IgY, 10 laying hens were used. All layers were hyperimmunized by a vaccine containing live attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica , ser. Enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum Pullorum. The control group with the same number of layers was not vaccinated. A feed additive for newly hatched chicken and solution with purified and isolated IgY were prepared from egg yolks of immunized and non-immunized birds. During oral administration as a feed additive in per os and intraperitoneal experimental infection by a lethal dose of SE the examination of the efficiency of the obtained product on six-day-old chickens were conducted. Thereby, conducted examinations have shown the high efficiency of the feed additive and preparation with purified immunoglobulins prepared from the yolks of eggs of immunized chicken in experimental infection with a lethal dose of Salmonella Enteritidis.
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Biochemical blood parameters in the treatment for dyspepsia
Статья научная
Many issues of newborn calves diseases etiology have not been fully studied and the practical experience of many veterinarians shows with proper diagnosis and treatment that it is possible to achieve a sharp reduction in the young animals mortality. With the birth of calves complex adaptation processes to new conditions occur. The next level of development depends on immunity development. Although a range of different drugs are used to treat dyspepsia in newborn calves, they are not always successful, and it depends on the complex of measures used. The aim of the conducted research is to study the state and dynamics of metabolism in the neonatal period with dyspepsia in newborn calves; to study the effectiveness of the probiotic, along with its impact on the clinical situation; to determine the effectiveness of the drug when used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Probiotic Vetom-15.1 was used in different age groups. As a result, it was found that biochemical blood parameters improved significantly.
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Biological basis of high productivity of pomegranate plant
Статья научная
Punica granatum L. is propagated by seeds and cuttings. Propagation of the plant by cuttings is preferred. The main goal of our experiment is to monitor the process of biological development during the reproduction of pomegranate varieties with cuttings and to compare and reproduce the better developing pomegranate varieties. We conclude from the research that pomegranate grows in any soil. But a better developed root system, high productivity occurs in bushes grown in moist and fertile soils. Also, after transplanting young plants (one-year and two-year) to the open air, watering and cultivation of the plant should be done seriously. For this, more attention should be paid to soil plowing, weeding, and agrotechnical rules in the first 3 months.
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Biological, Ecological, and Physiological Determinants of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Productivity
Статья научная
It seeks to systematize knowledge about the biological, ecological, and physiological characteristics of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) that govern plant development, tuber formation, and productivity under changing environmental conditions; to generalize scientific information on the morphological and phenological characteristics of the potato, its ecological needs, and main physiological processes, as well as their practical importance for potato crop production and selection. By means of comparative and analytical examination of scientific, educational, and monographic literature, it is substantiated that the potato is cultivated as an annual crop despite its perennial biological nature. Potatoes have a shallow root system and tubers on stolons, and they reproduce vegetatively by means of tuber eyes. As a result, the plant is very sensitive to the soil's moisture supply, aeration, and nutrients. Potatoes grow best at warm day and night temperatures, with sufficient light, in loose and weakly acidic soil, and with an even and reliable water supply. High temperatures, drought, frost, poor drainage, salinity, and diseases and insect pests obstruct growth and reduce tuber quality. Determinants of yield include photosynthesis, assimilate flow from source (leaves) to sink (stolons), respiration, stomatal regulation, optimum mineral nutrients, and the phytohormonal balance and dormancy of tubers. Thus, a cross-disciplinary understanding of biological structure, ecological requirements, and physiological regulation will be essential to improve potato cultivation technologies, build better stability in production, and breed new varieties better adapted to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Статья научная
Agriculture has a great role in the development of the economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Vegetable growing is one of the main sectors of agriculture and occupies an important place among crop production. Wild species growing around us are infected with many diseases, accumulate large amounts of infection in the soil and environment, the amount of inoculum is out of control, so some diseases cross borders, oceans, seas and enter new areas and expand their range. Such long-distance infections are caused by water, air flow, anthropogenic factors, and so on. With the spread of the infection and the resumption of growth and development, new diseases and other pests invade the area. The pathological process begins in the host plants, the pathogenesis associated with the development of various factors passes through certain stages in the development cycle and finally reaches a logical conclusion with the occurrence of the disease and its coverage. In the past, only pathogenic fungi were understood when they were not pathogens, but in the last 60–70 years, our perceptions have changed, with the development of biological science. As a result of the invention and development of electron microscopes, fungi and other microorganisms began to enter the ranks of pathogens.
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