Сельскохозяйственные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Epizootological state of salmonella-infected honeybee colonies in the southern region of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
In 2020-2021, the number of apiaries and honeybee colonies in villages located in 3 regions of the Masalli district (lowland, foothill and mountainous territories) and the degree of their infection with salmonellae were determined. Salmonellosis is one of the characteristic diseases of honeybee colonies, widespread throughout the Masalli district. Infection of honeybee colonies with salmonellae led to a slowdown in the activity of colony, a decrease in productivity, and even the death of the honeybee colony. As a result of the conducted studies, the epizootological state and the degree of salmonella infection were detected in the lowland (24.1%), foothill (38.0%) and mountainous (45.8%) areas.
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Статья научная
In the research work, 32 were local (materials of the “Cereals and Legumes” Department of the Institute of Genetic Resources of ANAS) and 25 were introduced by CIMMYT (International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement), a total of 57 ( Triticum aestivum L.) studied the effect of stress factors on physiological processes of autumn soft wheat genotypes under field conditions, especially drought on the water retention capacity of leaves. Water retention capacity is considered as a very valuable trait of wheat genotypes and is evaluated as resistance to drought stress. As a result of the study, among 57 wheat genotypes, the following genotypes were classified as I- drought resistant (Gobustan (st.) (AZE), Bol wheat (AZE), Grekum75/50 (AZE), Taraggi (AZE), Akinchi84 (AZE), Giymetli 2/ 17(AZE), Sheki 1(AZE), Tale38 (AZE),TX96V2847(US-TX), Arlin/Yuma (USA-KSU), MV Dalma (HU-MV), Desin (RO-FL), Duopebusa (MOL ), SG-S1915 (CZ), U1254-7-9-2-1/TX86A5616//Rina-6)(TCI), II- moderately resistant to drought (Arzu (AZE), Zardabi (AZE), Durdane (AZE), Mirbashir128 (AZE), Nurlu99 (AZE), Ruzi84 (AZE), Aran (AZE), Murov2(AZE), GobustanS2 (AZE), Starshina (RUS-KR), MV06-02 (HU-MV), Gerek (TR- ESK), Gloria (RO-FL), Bezostaya1(TR-ESK), LC924/Petja (BG-SAD), Sonmez (TR-ESK), Dalnitskaya (UKR)) and III- drought (Birlik (AZE), Gurgane 1 (AZE), Karabakh10 (AZE), Parzivan 1(AZE), Parzivan 2(AZE), Azeri (AZE), Saba (AZE), Zubkov (KYR), Steklovidnaya 24 (KAZ)) are grouped as sensitive.
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Evaluation of winter wheat genotypes under rainfed farming conditions
Статья научная
Drought has a serious effect on the plant height, the heading date and the grain yield of winter wheat genotypes in Mountainous Shirvan. Genotypes of Sonmez 01, Sheki 1, Bezostaya 1 and Gyzilbughda were noted as the tallest (120.1, 118.9, 114.9 and 111.8 cm), Gyrmizigul 1, Guneshli, Tale 38, Aran, Zirva 85 and Azamatli 95 as the short (83.6, 92.8, 95.8, 92.9, 94.0 and 98.0 cm), respectively, which indicates the adaptability of tall varieties for rainfed conditions. Gobustan, Zirva 85, Ruzi 84 and Gunashli genotypes were noted as the early heading, and Bezostaya 1, Sheki 1, Aran, Tale 38, Gyrmizigul 1 and Baba 75 as the late heading, which is associated with their genotypic characteristics. The yield was changed depending on the genotypic characteristics and annual total precipitation during the growing season. The highest yield was recorded in Gobustan and 7WON-SA no. 465 genotypes, while the lowest yield was in Azeri, Bezostaya 1 and Murov 2 during the research. Adaptation to adverse conditions and high yielding of Gyrmizigul 1 genotype shows the possibility of cultivation under adverse conditions. By adaptability to drought high yield of genotypes can be obtained responding to high soil fertility and favorable climatic conditions. Cultivation of these genotypes in rainfed regions such as Mountainous Shirvan is recommended.
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Experience vegetative propagation Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) in Uzbekistan
Статья научная
Conducting the results of the research work on the studies optimal timing of harvesting and planting stem cuttings Russian olive. The formation of adventitious roots on cuttings Russian olive is dependent on callus. The roots are laid in the cambium of the stem cuttings and breaking through the crust near the pillow or sheet between the callus and bark. Cuttings Russian olive autumn harvesting and spring planting at the end of the growing season gave the best gain in height - 166.7±5.35 cm (diameter of 10.2 ± 0.47 mm). Annuals plants from cuttings Russian olive autumn harvesting had 30 cm long and a height of 179.8±5,09 cm (diameter of 11.1 ± 0.69 mm) and save 88%. The best survival was observed in the cuttings, prepared with annual shoots. By the end of vegetative growth leading to escape the majority of seedlings Russian olive reaches 83-166 cm in height. Maximum 160-221 cm.
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Features of the Lonicera L. shoots growth under the Absheron conditions
Статья научная
The research analyzed the growth dynamics of annual shoots of some species of Lonicera L. in Absheron conditions. According to the seasonal dynamics of growth and development of species, Lonicera species are divided into 2 groups: straight and ivy species. The model species include deciduous, semi-evergreen and evergreen species, but these features of their life forms do not affect the growth process. Studies have shown that in the genus Lonicera L., regular growth was observed during the growing season, while in the straight species the growth was completed in July. The observed increase in hydrothermal stress had a positive effect on the growth and branching of the shoots, and an increase was observed. This growth parameter is dominated by ivy Lonicera L. ( L. caprifolium and L. etrusca ). Intensive growth was observed in Absheron in May-June and September.
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Feed crops of Nakhchivan arid mountain lands
Статья обзорная
Presents information on feed crops of arid mountain lands of Nakhchivan. It is established that the most widespread group of feed grasses of the studied area includes Artemisia L., Salsola L., Kochia Roth, Atriplex L., Symphytum L., Astragalus L. and others. The distribution area of feed crops of these genera and mixed associations formed by them were studied.
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Статья научная
Sorghum bicolor considering its high-quality properties as a gluten-free, dietary food, was first planted for research purposes in a 0.33-hectare (3300 m²) area in the experimental field of the Nakhchivan Institute of Agriculture under the name of Academic HasanAliyev. The adaptation of this plant to the soil and climatic conditions of the Autonomous Republic was studied. Additionally, in line with the biological characteristics of the plant, its growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, spike weight, seed weight per spike, number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight, germination rate, flour yield, and dry matter content were examined. The article also demonstrates that sorghum, an alternative forage crop, adapts well to the climatic conditions of the Autonomous Republic. Its grain can be used as food, while its green biomass can serve to enhance the livestock feed base. Therefore, it is advisable to expand the cultivation of this plant.
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Fruit trees pests and pest control
Статья научная
Currently, pests cause great harm to fruit trees. 22 pests damaging fruit trees were identified and their species composition was determined. Some of them, under favorable conditions, multiply abundantly and damage the fruits, trunks, roots, branches and leaves of trees. In gardens, depending on the number of species, biological characteristics, harmfulness and nature of damage, the following activities can be carried out: 1) agrotechnical; 2) physical and mechanical; 3) biological methods. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of predominantly biological methods in pest control. Chemical methods of pest control have lost their effectiveness in recent years. This is due to the fact that in the course of the fight against this or that pest, hundreds and thousands of beneficial insects also disappear in nature. Not only that, but the birds that feed on them, etc., the animals are also poisoned, and their numbers are decreasing.
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Fungal Diseases Tolerance Studies of Potato Genotypes
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the study of fungal diseases tolerance of potato samples and discusses the major potato diseases worldwide: late blight, early blight and powdery scab. During the research, the effects of fungal diseases on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the plant, some physiological parameters, and pest characteristics were studied. In the studied varieties, the dynamics of specific leaf mass and biomorphological indicators increase in during ontogenesis depend not only on the developmental phase and genotypic characteristics of the plants, but also on the state of diseases infected. The article states that the highest overall incidence was against late blight, with relative resistance to powdery scab, this is due to the nature of the pathogens. During the study, it was determined as a result of biomorphological indicators in the selected samples introduced from selection centers and local potato genotypes for their resistance to late blight, early blight and powdery scab of that the plants were 43-63 cm tall and quantity of stem were 1-3. The difference between the specific leaf mass of the control and experimental variants in the varieties taken during the study was comparable across the study years and development phases. Complex control measures based on high agricultural technology methods are more effective in reducing the risk of potato diseases and preventing their development. Studies have shown that the main methods of protecting potatoes from diseases are the cultivation of resistant varieties, optimal planting dates, and the use of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products.
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Geography of distribution of malus varieties in Azerbaijan depending on soil
Статья научная
More than 6,000 plant species have been identified in the Caucasus, of which 4,200 species (70%) are common in Azerbaijan. 11% are trees and shrubs, and 9% are endemic plants. There are more than 280 local varieties and forms of apple trees in Azerbaijan. After the 1920s, the area of fruit orchards in Azerbaijan was expanded to 21 thousand hectares due to local varieties, of which 13 thousand hectares (62%) were apple orchards. In 1926, the Azerbaijan Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Subtropical Plants was established in Azerbaijan with the aim of developing fruit growing. New varieties of apple trees are created through selection. Due to the newly created varieties through selection, apple orchards in Azerbaijan have significantly developed. In 1976, 13 thousand hectares of new industrial apple orchards were planted. Since 1982, the existing gene pool of apple trees has been studied.
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Статья научная
The aim of the study was to examine the species composition of Ixodidae ticks in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the distribution extensiveness and intensity of individual genera and species. The research material was collected in 2017-2023. During the study, a total of 5865 domestic animals of 7 species were examined for tick infestation. Infestation was detected in 4536 of the examined domestic animals and 10629 ixodid ticks were collected from them. For each tick collection, the collection date, species composition, quantity, and developmental stage were recorded. The number, registration and species of ticks were determined using identification instructions. Genera and species were identified in the Parasitology laboratory of the “Veterinary Medicine” department of the Nakhchivan State University and the Nakhchivan Veterinary Scientific Research Experimental Station. The collected ticks consisted of 15 species belonging to the Ixodidea family, including Dermacentor marginatus Sulzer, 1776 , D.ushakova Fil. et Pan. 1987, D. nuttalli Ol. 1928, D. reticulatus Fabri. 1794, C Can. et Fanz, 1877, Haemaphysalis punctata Can. et Fanz.1877, Haem.sulcata Can et Fanz. 1877, Hyalomma anatolicum Koch, 1844, H. asiatucum P. Sch. Et E.Schl., 1929, H.detritum P. Schul., 1919, H. marginatum Koch, 1844, H. kozlovi Olenev, 1931, H. scupense P. Sch., 1918, Rhipicephalus bursa Can. Et Franz, 1877, Rh. turanicus B. Pom., 1940, Rh. sanguineus Lat., 1806. The most widespread among these species in the territory of the autonomous republic were H. anatolicum - 25.9%, H. asiaticum - 16%, Rh.bursa - 16.8%, D.marginatus - 14.5%. H.detritum, H.marginatum, H.kozlovi, Rh.turanicus, Haem. punctata species having epidemiological and epizootological significance were found in moderate numbers. The total number of these species varied between 2.7 and 6.7%, constituting 23.4% of the total collected material. Other species: H.scupense, Rh.sanguineus, D.reticulatus, D.nuttalli , D.ushakova, Haem.sulcata are very rare and, therefore, lack epidemiological and epizootiological significance. Their numbers range from 0.2% to 0.6%. As a result of the agro-improvement measures implemented, both the extensiveness and intensity of infestation decreased, with an average of 1.8 ticks per examined animal and 2.3 ticks per infested animal.
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Статья научная
Cultivation of soil on the slopes of mountainous areas leads to a decrease in organic matter and nutrients in the soil and severe soil erosion. Grazing is one of the main reasons for the degradation of pastures and natural landscape, which increases the sensitivity of the soil to erosion. Soil erosion, in turn, pollutes water by increasing its turbidity and sometimes causes atrophy due to leakage of phosphorus and nitrogen. An average of 30.6 quintals of green mass or 7.8 quintals of dry grass per hectare was produced in the variant of grass seed sowing (without fertilizer), compared to the control variant, in the variant of grass seed sowing + N60P60K40 this indicator averaged 39.9 centners/ha of green mass. or more than 15.0%, resulting in the production of 10.0 quintals of dry or 14.7% more dry grass. Experimental field studies to improve pastures have shown that the fodder produced in each of the tested variants; green mass and dry grass supply and their nutritional value were higher than control.
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Increasing Livestock Production and Improving its Quality in Western Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The article discusses ways to improve the quality and production of livestock products in the western zone of the “Gapanli” rural farm located in the Shamkir region. From the research work we conducted, it became clear that the skins of fine-wooled sheep are superior to those of coarse-wooled sheep in terms of area, but on the contrary, the thickness of the skin is lower in fine-wooled sheep. Since the strength of the skin is related to its thickness and density, the strength of the skins of coarse-wooled sheep is superior to that of fine-wooled ones. The purpose of the experiment is to discuss the physical-mechanical and technological properties of sheep with different wool compositions. The study of the physical-mechanical and technological properties of wool showed that the quality of wool depends largely on the histological cleaning of wool hairs. The research work was conducted in the “Gapanli” rural farm located in the Shamkir region. The study of imprecise semi-finished products also showed that such indicators pass even thin threads due to their properties. It is possible to obtain precise, soft and light clothing material from thin wool. The study of the commercial quality of sheep wool and skins has shown that it is very important to accurately determine the production quality of wool and skins.
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Статья научная
Determination of optimal fertilizer norms under tomato vegetation related to vegetable growing is a very important issue. For this purpose, the influence of various forms of nitrogen on the background of organic fertilizers on the background of the biometric data of the “Preliminary” tomato varieties, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of tomato bushes have been studied. Also, the biochemical indicators of tomatoes were studied. It has been shown that no fertilization of the fertilizers in the fertilizer (10 t/ha) + N90P90K90 was observed in the fertilizer, but the tomato fruit weight and diameter increased, and the nitrates contained in it did not exceed the norm.
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Influence of sodium chloride on physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat genotypes
Статья научная
The effect of sodium chloride on physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat genotypes was studied. Wheat plants were grown in pots in soil with the addition of 0.5% sodium chloride. To create new salt-tolerant wheat varieties, a comparative analysis of morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of plants was carried out. Morphological and physiological parameters such as growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, photochemical activity of chloroplasts and PSII activity were studied in wheat plants. The effect of salt on the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, which are the main physiological parameters, is manifested differently in both plants. When studying the salt tolerance of plants, differences were found in the relative amount of chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids, as well as the photochemical activity of chloroplasts and the efficiency of PS 2. Among the varieties, according to all morphophysiological and biochemical indicators, the soft wheat variety Mirbashir 128 turned out to be the most resistant to the effects of salt.
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Статья научная
This article examines the poultry disease laryngotracheitis, caused by opportunistic microbes that result in economic losses for poultry farms in Azerbaijan. Factors contributing to the spread of laryngotracheitis are identified. Recommendations for the use of plants with anti-inflammatory phytobiotic activity are offered. Strict veterinary monitoring is recommended to prevent the occurrence of such viral infectious diseases. Periodic general and laboratory examinations, proper care, the use of plants with phytobiotic activity, and limiting contact between objects and living creatures outside the confines of a single room minimize the risk of infection and spread.
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Investigation of irrigation erosion in pseudopodzol yellow soils of the Lankaran district
Статья научная
Inclination, length, form and exposition of the slopes affect the irrigation erosion process in the Lankaran district. The artificial rain in a different intensity was created in the tea plantations of the experiment farm of the tea and citrus plants in Lankaran branch in order to study a reason of the surface washing creation in irrigation erosion of the tea plantations more accurately. It was known that a tea plantation in which the rows were built along the slope in 1975, the liquid flow was 125.0 m3/ha, while the rain intensity was 1.0 mm/min., the liquid dissolved dissolved substances flow was 240.0 m3/ha, 2.90 t/ha in the tea plantations built in 1990, while an amount of the leached soil was 0.80 t/ha. Firstly, conduction of the surface smoothing work is recommended in order to prevent from irrigation erosion in irrigated areas with a slope more than 0.02°. Generally, the surface smoothing work is fundamental and current, and it is divided into two places. The current smoothing work begins from preparation of soil for sowing every year and this measure doesn’t require more funds. The fundamental smoothing work is performed for fundamental smoothing of the irrigated sowing areas. At this time an inclination of the areas shouldn’t be more than 0.01. It is recommended to conduct the fundamental smoothing work, then current smoothing work in the areas where the inclination is more than 0.01. Fight against irrigation erosion, definition of the water and irrigation norm, water consumption and realization in the irrigated areas are main problems. The irrigation norm should be determined before for each plant watering. Beside the aforesaid, the technical means (pipes that are made from different materials), including different brands (Fregat, Kuban, KSID-50, Volzhanka, DDA-100 M and so on) rainmaker aggregates, various progressive irrigation methods (artificial precipitation, subsoil irrigation, drip watering, aerosol irrigation, etc.) should be used.
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Статья научная
The influence of growth factors on the development of callus and roots in the biennial cuttings of the olive plants were investigated in a comparative manner. The experiments were conducted in the greenhouse of the Absheron Experimental Station. One-year and two-year cuttings of the olive plant were taken as the object of the study. Growth agents (indolyl acetic acid and Na+-salt of naphthenic acid) were used to influence the rapid rooting of shoots. During the conducted experiments, different results were obtained in different options. In comparison with the control variant, the positive effect of indolyl acetic acid and Na+-salt of naphthenic acid on olive cuttings were observed. According to the conducted studies, it was found that the rooting of the cuttings was accelerated as a result of the effect of growth substances. The number of rooting and callus was higher in two-year cuttings than in one-year cuttings. Thus, 49 out of 60 (81%) two-year cuttings were rooted by using of indolyl acetic acid, and 50 were rooted (83%) when callus was exposed to the Na+-salt of naphthenic acid, in 9 were observed having callus, only in 1 wasn’t observed development. The Na+-salt of Naphthenic acid had a better effect on rooting and the number of calluses among growth substances. As a result, it was determined that for the rapid development of the olive plant, cuttings should be taken from healthy and well-nourished trees and Naphthenic acid Na+-salt should be kept for a specified time (12 hours) and concentration (0.005%).
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Irrigated and virgin soil comparative characteristic in the Mugan-Salyan massif
Статья научная
The article deals with the comparative analysis of irrigated and virgin soils in the Mugan-Salyan Massif. A main purpose of the work is to study the effect of intensive irrigation on the soil and the morphogenetic changes in the soil profile. Experimental researches are performed in the field, cameral and laboratorial conditions. Irrigated soils are distinguished from virgin soils by the following morphological features: biological processing, fertility, homogeneity of mechanical composition, formation of modern cultivated layer due to agroirrigation sediments characterized by gray color; heavier mechanical composition; absence of sharply expressed illuvial carbonate content, significantly lower carbonate profile, hardened subsoil formation.
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Land Reform and Consolidation Landin Azerbaijan and it’s Result
Статья научная
A result of land reforms in Azerbaijan, three forms of ownership have been identified: state, municipal and private. Depending on the land resources of the regions, the area of land shares was very low in many places. Due to the scarcity of land and the lack of farming equipment on each farm, landowners merged their lands to form joint farms, a process that took place elsewhere. Co-cultivation of land soon began to bear fruit. Consolidation lands have big advantages. First it is easier than processing of files, than small land areas. The small land areas not probably to use big labor- consuming tractors and other farms techniques. Such sites no tractors have only maneuver, and sometimes can’t simply turn. United land owners don’t spend a lot indirectly and indirect expenses not have crop education. These land owners everyone separately protect sites, everyone separately build auxiliary construction, warehouses and is mediocre is engaged in realizations of ready products. Land owners don’t understand basically an agro technology, farm technicians they don’t know as will apply herbicides, pesticides and fertilizer, they not skills planning to manufacture and to spend accounting and etc. For the further increase in such economy, from the state country some action for stimulation, in our option, is regulated. The first turns of the politician clearing rural an economy from all taxes should proceed. For expansion of activity consolidating banks represented to economy in accessible credits. The farmer it is necessary to create conditions free an input on the market of the big and small cities that they would realize products directly. To creates conditions for use of the newest science and technology achievement. To expand propagation for attraction of new land owners in the course of consolidation.
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