Сельскохозяйственные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Blood parasitic diseases of domestic farm animals in the territory of the Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
Analysis of the epidemiological situation on protozoal blood parasitic diseases of domestic animals in the Nakhchivan. Veterinary reporting, literature sources and personal research. The article summarizes and analyzes data on the epizootic situation of protozoal blood parasitic diseases of animal in the Nakhchivan districts. It was shown that for a reliable assessment of the epizootic situation, it is necessary to combine the research work of scientists and the veterinary service in order to develop a monitoring system, taking into consideration the recommendations of the OIE (International Office of Epizootics).
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Blood-biochemical indicators of White Texas, pharaoh quails during temperature stress
Статья научная
In the development of poultry farming in Azerbaijan, there are big changes in the microclimate indicators in the building due to the rise in temperature in the summer months. The variability in the microclimate, in turn, affects the productivity of the birds and the blood-biochemical indicators. The research work was carried out on White Texas, Pharaoh meat-oriented quails in laboratory no. 23 of the Anatomy, Pathoanatomy and Pathophysiology department of the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University’s training and practice center for quail breeding. The experiment was carried out mainly in hot summer days depending on the air temperature, and during the experiment, the indicators formed in the homeostasis of the quails along with their productivity were clarified. In order to investigate the reasons preventing high yield from White Texas, Pharaoh quails during temperature stress, we aimed to study the factors affecting their homeostasis along with studying other factors. In the article, a change in the feed ration of quails was made in order to avoid the negative factors created in homeostasis caused by temperature stress which occurs frequently among quails in the summer months. It is better to keep full-grown quails in cages under the shed during the warm months. We reduced the amount of corn, wheat and barley used in the ration and replaced it with other non-traditional feeds determining the period in advance when temperature stress will increase. To prevent changes in homeostasis, acorn flour from non-traditional forages was used in the feed ration. This feed supplement-acorn flour was applied to each quail per a day in order to increase temperature tolerance during temperature stress.
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Статья научная
The aim of the study was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the yield potential, physicochemical properties of the grain, and baking quality indicators of the Qırmızıgül-1 soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety cultivated under irrigated agriculture in Azerbaijan. Grain samples of the Qırmızıgül-1 variety, cultivated in the Tartar region in 2025, were used as the research material. The agrobiological characteristics of the variety were analyzed based on its official description, while productivity and technological quality indicators were evaluated based on laboratory results. It was determined that the grain yield of the Qırmızıgül-1 variety was 66.8 centners/ha, the flour yield from 1 kg of grain was 645 g, the test weight was 740 g/l, and the bread volume was 600 cm³. The bread's volume and overall quality were rated at 4.7 points, crumb color at 5 points, porosity at 4 points, and crust color at 5 points. The protein content in the grain was 12.7%. According to the official variety characteristics, the average yield under irrigation is 6.76 t/ha, potential yield is 7.0–8.0 t/ha, 1000-grain weight is 40–46 g, protein content is 14.2–14.8%, and gluten content ranges from 26.8% to 28.2%. The variety is characterized by short stature, stem strength, and resistance to lodging, frost, yellow rust, and scab. The results indicate that the Qırmızıgül-1 variety possesses satisfactory milling and baking properties alongside high, stable yields. Expanding the cultivation of this variety in irrigated and moisture-supplied foothill areas is considered expedient.
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Статья научная
The paper presents a quantitative and qualitative study of mineral cations in the grape juice obtained as a result of the European processing of the Jvarisula red grape variety’s raw materials, resulting from the inter-varietal crossing of grapes.
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Статья научная
The article talks about the causes of infection of birds with colibacillosis and pasteurellosis in farm enterprises and private farms, about research work carried out in recent years at poultry farms, about the influence of opportunistic microbes on the activities of farms. The difference in infection of domestic chickens with colibacillosis and pasteurellosis for each age group was identified by us during the examinations. So, in 30-day-old chickens, infection with colibacillosis 24.4%, pasteurellosis 31.1%, in 45-day-old colibacillosis 33.3%, pasteurellosis 37.7%, in 60-day-old colibacillosis 20.0%, pasteurellosis 26.6% was detected.
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Change of gray-brown soils water-physical properties under the winter wheat
Статья научная
Research is conducted at the Terter Regional Experimental Station of the Research Institute for Agriculture. In order to improve soil fertility and obtain high and high-quality crop yields, we studied the water-physical properties of the soils of the experimental plot. Soil and fertilizer treatment in the 0-30 cm layer reduced the density of the soil but increased the natural moisture and total porosity compared with the control variant. As a result, soil fertility increased, which in turn significantly affected the grain yield of winter wheat.
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Статья научная
Drought is one of the major abiotic stress factors limiting the productivity of agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the drought tolerance of different onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes based on physiological parameters. The study was conducted on 11 onion genotypes obtained from the Vegetable Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan: Sabir, N-2, N-14, N-22, N-8, Aydan, Hovsan, N-24, N-11, N-21, and N-20. To assess the effects of drought stress, relative leaf chlorophyll content was determined using a SPAD chlorophyll meter, while cell membrane stability was evaluated based on relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and the membrane damage index (MDI). The results showed that under drought conditions, the SPAD values of genotypes N-21, Hovsan, N-2, Aydan, and N-22 increased or remained at relatively high levels compared with the control treatment. According to the MDI values, the Hovsan (0.3%) and Aydan (2.8%) genotypes exhibited greater membrane stability and, consequently, higher drought tolerance. In contrast, genotypes N-21 (28.9%), N-11 (26.4%), and N-24 (25.6%) showed the highest membrane damage, indicating greater sensitivity to drought stress. The findings demonstrate that the combined evaluation of SPAD, REL, and MDI parameters can serve as reliable physiological indicators for identifying drought-tolerant onion genotypes and provide valuable information for future onion breeding programs.
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Characteristic properties of the spread of associative diseases in domestic chickens
Статья научная
In private poultry farms, located in the Fatmai and Sarai settlements of Apsheron district there have been carried out scatological and helminthological examination for various age groups. It became known that in Fatmai settlement infection of birds with various invasions, including with IE of ascaridiosis was 32.0%, II 2-31 of specimens, with IE of raillietinosis 18.9%, II 1-9 of specimens, with IE of heterakiosis was 30.9%, II 2-28 of specimens, and according to the results of examinations, conducted on poultry in Sarai settlement, with ascaridiosis having IE of 30.7%, II 1-29 of specimens, with IE of raillietinosis of 19.1%, II 2-17 of specimens, with IE of heterakiosis of 30.2%, II 1-23 of specimens of helminths, have been identified in the mixed form.
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Статья научная
The research was conducted on sheep farms located in the Absheron region in 2015-2020. The major helminth fauna in sheep in the private and farmer farms of the Absheron region was found to consist of helminth species: Fasciola hepatica , F. gigantica , Dicrocoelium lanceatum , Paramphistomum cervi , Moniezia expansa , M. benedeni , Taenia hydatigena , T. ovis , Multiceps multiceps , Echinococcus granulosus , Protostrongylus hobmaieri , P. kochi , P. railleti , Muellerius capillaris , Trichocephalus ovis , Chabertia ovina , Haemonchus contortus , Dictyocaulus filaria . The extensiveness and intensity of the distribution of the 18 main helminths detected in the region by the complete helminthological dissection method in 19 research areas (14 in the Absheron peninsula: Zire, Hovsan, Mashtagha, Mehdiabad, Gobu, Sulutepe, Z. Taghiyev, Fatmayi, Novkhani, Mammadli, Khirdalan, Jeyranbatan, Mushvigabad, Guzdek; 5 in the Khizi region: Yeni Yashma, Shorabad, Altiaghaj, Gizilgazma, Tudar) are described in tables. Higher invasion levels were identified for T. ovis (43.2%, 1-53 samples), E. granulosus (39.2%, 1-18 samples), H. contortus (35.0%, 2-56 samples), and they were considered the dominant helminth species of the region. Based on the complete helminthological dissection, in the Absheron peninsula, IE was 17.7% and II was 1-64 samples, and in the Khizi district, IE was 29.0% and II was 1-83 samples. Thus, complete helminthological examination methods allowed us to conclude that the infection rate in the Khizi region is higher than in the Absheron Peninsula. This makes it necessary for farmers and veterinarians to start veterinary sanitary measures, both prophylactic and treatment measures against helminths in the Khizi district.
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Статья научная
A comparative genetic study of local and introduced breeds of cattle in the farms of the Khizi district was carried out. Cattle of various breeds are kept on the territory of the region at enterprises of legal entities and individuals, in farms belonging to individual owners. Introduced breeds of cattle, beef and dairy cattle make up 0.0029% of the total livestock. Simmental (25%), Holstein-Frisian (27%), Brown Swiss (12%) and Aberdeen-Angus (7%) breeds are derived from introduced beef and dairy cattle. For a comparative study of the genomes of local and introduced breeds of cattle, blood samples were taken, DNA was obtained and prepared for further analysis.
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Cooperation as a basis for increasing the economic efficiency in protected cultivation of vegetables
Статья научная
The main task of the greenhouse economy is to provide the population with fresh vegetables in the winter season period. Therefore, the cultivation of vegetable crops in protected soil differs significantly from the cultivation of many other crops. The content of the protected soil is justified only under conditions of high-intensity production and the costs of creating and operating a capital greenhouse facility, material costs for their heat supply, electricity. Work in greenhouses is associated with increased the need for skilled and auxiliary labor. The greenhouse production of Uzbekistan is mainly concentrated near large settlements. The industry allows you to receive from the sale of fresh vegetables at least 60% of cash proceeds, over 95% of the total profit of the economy, and the level of profitability from the sale products from year to year increased. The article draws attention to possible reserves of cost savings in the protected cultivation of vegetables.
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Статья научная
The results of a long-term study of biological and economic indicators of new apple breeding varieties, including the number of fruits, fruit weight, yield and comparative economic evaluation of the variety, are presented. Selected by a set of valuable traits for widespread introduction into industrial gardens varieties: Nigar, Zaka, Zafar, Udvi, Watan, Emil, Elvin, Sevinj, Gobustan, Gyzyl taj, Mahmari, Sadaf, Sahil and Shabran.
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Crop yield indicators with crop rotation of soybeans, winter wheat, barley and corn
Статья научная
The article provides comparative results of crop rotation and continuous cropping based on the diversification of soybean, winter wheat, barley and corn crops in 2018-2020. During crop rotation, significant results were obtained in the effective use by other plants of organic substances created in the soil by the root mass of one plant and plant residues. Thus, according to the results of the study, depending on the crops, the formation of green mass and dry biomass of soybeans and corn differed in development phases.
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Cultivation technologies and inorganic fertilizer norms when growing potatoes in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
Technologies for applying granular fertilizers when growing potatoes in the farms of the Gazakh-Tuz economic region of Azerbaijan are presented. An analysis of existing technical means used to effectively prepare soil for growing potatoes was carried out. By means of a stepwise supply of inorganic fertilizers to the soil using the method of differentiated distribution, theoretical studies were carried out and analytical expressions were obtained to substantiate the parameters of the working bodies of the corresponding unit. An analysis of existing technologies and technical means for growing potatoes shows that the application of fertilizers, which provide the required amount of nutrition for the cultivated crop, prevents sufficient nutrition of the soil when carried out in a surface manner and subsequent incorporation into the soil. To avoid this, inorganic fertilizers are applied to the soil by working groups and converted into the soil by cutting off lower layers to protect the mound and optimal soil structure. By systematically filling the soil through differentiated distribution of inorganic fertilizers, analytical studies were carried out and analytical expressions were obtained to check the parameters of the unit’s labor force.
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Data on Forage Plants in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The conducted research aimed to clarify issues related to the use of cultivated and wild forage plants in the Republic of Azerbaijan. As a result, the species composition and frequency of occurrence of components of agrocenoses and natural phytocenoses where forage plants are grown were determined. Both classical and modern methods, widely used today, were used in the research. To obtain quantitative results in the conducted studies, the repeatability of experiments was at least four times, and the obtained results were statistically processed. It should be noted that a number of forage plants grow in the wild and are not yet cultivated. For example, Agrostis alba L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Malva neglecta Wailler, Phleum pratense L., Trifolium pratense L. and others. Among wild plants, these are the most important and can be found in almost all areas of the region.
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Dermatitis caused by stress in quails and measures to combat them
Статья научная
The research work was carried out in the vivarium of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of ASAU and in the Education-experimental Center for Quail Breeding on White texas breed quails in the period of temperature stress in the building and under the shed. When quail broods are kept under shed in June, July, August, temperature stress occurs among quails as a result of air temperature higher than 38-42°C, and as a result, large changes in homeostasis occur, as well as due to prolonged sunlight during the day, as in ornamental birds. Dermatitis disease also occurs among quail birds. Dermatitis disease is different - allergic, chemical, physical, etc. arises under the influence. The article shows ways to prevent dermatitis caused by temperature stress and strong sunlight. 100 grams of Anti Stress Forte WSP drug was added to 120 liters of water in order to prevent the formation of large changes in homeostasis and the formation of the photo-contact form of dermatitis on the skin of quails as a result of temperature stress during this period, as a result of the rise in temperature and the long duration of direct sunlight should be applied, in case of prolonged exposure to the sun’s rays, a curtain made of white polyethylene should be placed on the front part of the shed. While investigating the dermatitis disease caused by temperature stress and long-term exposure to sunlight, we determined the clinical-physiological condition and productivity of the mother quails.
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Статья научная
The research works were carried out in the years 2021-2023 in farms located in the Guba district of Azerbaijan (41°04ʹ27ʺ N 48°36ʹ32ʺ E). During the research, as the apple fruit eater hibernates both in the caterpillar and pupal stages, their coming out of hibernation in the spring season of the next year coincides with different times. It is for this reason that this pest can be found in agrocenosis from spring to autumn. Because the development of generations is mixed together and creates a complex phenological calendar. Apple fruit borer produce 2 complete generations in the study areas. The third generation hibernates in different stages (caterpillar and pupa).
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Development of off-farm employment in rural environment: trends and directions
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the development off-farm employment such as storage, processing and marketing of agricultural products, rural trade, agrotourism, folk crafts, domestic and socio-cultural services for the rural population, harvesting and processing of wild fruits and berries and etc. in the rural environment.
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Статья научная
The main activities of leading foreign companies are currently the development and production of agricultural machinery, taking into account new legislative requirements both for agricultural production in general and directly for the machinery itself. There is a clear trend towards the widest use of modern computer and information technologies in the design of agricultural machines, which allows to increase productivity and quality of technological operations while reducing operating costs, as well as improve working conditions of employees, management and control of work performed. Intensive resource conservation technologies are technologies related to the introduction of the latest high-performance combines, tractors and a plume of wide-range or combined agricultural units. The next type of resource conservation technologies is based on knowledge and respect for the laws of nature. These are resource conservation technologies through the biologization of agriculture. Resource conservation activities in crop production are based on the complete restoration of land fertility after the removal of nutrients from the soil by agricultural crops. This is ensured by the integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, green manure, bacterial fertilizers, as well as peat and sapropel. All crop production technologies should be resource conservation, environmentally balanced, and have a pronounced zonal character. Moisture conservation technologies in crop production have great prospects due to the development of new crop rotations with an expanded set of crops.
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Статья научная
Among the sucking pests of sugar beet crops in Azerbaijan, black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.), which occurs on beet seedlings from the moment of development of true leaves, causes significant damage. Based on this, the task of our study was to study the main life processes of beet aphids depending on photoperiodic conditions. The work was carried out in the Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Insects and the Center for Applied Zoology of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science in 2013-2019. The experiments were carried out in special photo thermostats with automatic control of temperature and light. The results obtained show that the light factor is of secondary importance for the duration of the larval, reproductive periods and for the entire development cycle compared to temperature. It should be noted that winged forms (about 50%) appear in aphid colonies during a 12-hour photoperiod at a temperature of 17 °C. Under the conditions of Azerbaijan, such photoperiod is observed at the end of March and at the beginning of October, when aphids migrate from primary to intermediate plants and vice versa in autumn (early October) from intermediate to primary. The length of the day established in the experiments, which causes the appearance of winged forms, is consistent with the phenology of this species.
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