Сельскохозяйственные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Taxonomic relationship of wide pests in sugar beet agrocenosis
Статья научная
Based on the conducted research, information on the species composition of pests that spread in the agricultural farms of Imishli and Agdash districts of the Republic, where sugar beet is grown, as well as in the private backyards of the population, was reflected in the article. During extensive research conducted in stationary areas and surrounding areas, it was determined that pests belonging to the groups of Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera are found in the agrocenosis of sugar beet.
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Статья научная
Research was conducted to study the parasite fauna of sheep in the Guba-Khachmaz economic region of Azerbaijan and the species composition of pathogenic parasites causing a decrease in productivity and mortality of animals was determined. The nematode fauna of sheep in the Guba-Khachmaz economic region consisted of 22 species, the trematode fauna consisted of 4, and the cestode fauna consisted of 5 species. Among the primary blood parasites found in sheep are Anaplasma ovis, which belongs to the Rickettsiales order, and Babesia ovis, Theileria ovis, Th.recondita, which belong to the Piroplasmida order. During the study period, 4337 sheep were examined for helminths in the economic region using the complete and incomplete dissection methods. In 3560 of 4337 sheep, was noted associative invasion by nematodes, cestodes and trematodes (I.E. - 82.1%). Infection with nematodes was accompanied by weight loss and a decrease in the quality of wool in sheep, and intensive invasion with fasciola led to the death of young animals, mainly lambs. Intensive infection of sheep with monieziasis was accompanied by a decrease in appetite and milk yield, weight loss. To determine associative ınvasion of sheep with helminths and primary blood parasites, were examined peripheral blood smears and fecal samples from 3435 animals. Of 3435 samples in 1996, were found to have associative invasion with primary blood parasites and helminths (I.E.-58.1%). Mortality has been reported in lambs under 1 year of age, especially 4-5 months old, associated with primary blood parasites and helminth infections. Ectoparasitic ixodid ticks, which transmit primary blood parasites that parasitize animals in the Guba-Khachmaz economic region, are classified into 2 genera, consisting of 4 species.
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Tetranychus urticae Koch biology on apple trees
Статья научная
The two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae Koch) is a polyphagous arthropod herbivore that consumes over 1,100 plant species from 140 distinct plant families, including those producing harmful chemicals in temperate and tropical climates. It is an important pest in greenhouse and field cultivation, causing damage to various crops such as citrus, apples, grapes, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, strawberries, maize, and soy. T. urticae ability to spread over agricultural fields and adapt to environmental stressors is linked to its high propensity for mutation, leading to the highest frequency of pesticide resistance among arthropods. The genetic diversity of T. urticae gathered from apple orchards throughout Poland has been studied to investigate potential correlations between molecular variations and the occurrence of resistance to METI-acaricides. Research has shown that an abundance of leaf pubescence on the abaxial leaf surface adversely affects the development of European red mite, two-spotted spider mite, and carmine spider mite. However, due to variations in leaf sizes, tree canopy, tree ages, and the existence of natural enemies, it is impossible to compare data gathered due to variations in leaf sizes, tree canopy, tree ages, and the presence of natural enemies. Pesticide treatments negatively impact fruit plantations' ecosystems, devastating biodiversity, altering the makeup and structure of arthropod populations, and promoting mass reproduction of phytophage mites by displacing certain species with others. The most extensive research has been done on the common spider mite's development of resistance to avermectin group preparations, with some studies showing resistance to multiple acaricides.
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Статья научная
Entomological studies conducted in various regions of Azerbaijan have revealed that one of the most harmful pests of almond orchards is the Anarsia lineatella Zeller, 1839). The pest typically produces 2–3 generations during the vegetation period, while overwintering in the 2nd– 3rd larval instar within buds and bark cracks. By damaging the seed part of the fruits, the almond fruit moth causes yield losses of up to 30–40%. Observations carried out in different landscapeecological zones indicate that the pest’s development rate and reproductive capacity vary depending on the climatic conditions of the regions. Based on the conducted research, the biological features, phenology, and natural enemies of the almond fruit moth have been studied, and scientific foundations for integrated control measures have been developed. This article presents the bioecological characteristics, life cycle, and phenological stages of Anarsia lineatella Zeller in almond orchards of Azerbaijan, including the Absheron region, as well as the results of observations carried out against this pest.
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Статья научная
During the research, the highest indicators for both crops at the Absheron AEF were obtained under soil cultivation at a depth of 20‒22 cm (plowing + discing + cultivation) and the application of N120P90K60 fertilizers for winter wheat, and for barley under the same soil treatment with N100P90K60 fertilizers. In the traditional soil cultivation system for winter wheat and barley, depending on the applied fertilizers, the dry matter mass was 1559.2‒1025.1 g, the mass of grain per plant was 509.1‒452.3 g, the number of productive stems was 397‒365 units, and the mass of 1000 grains was 45.0‒41.8 g. In the variant with heavy disc cultivation at a depth of 10‒12 cm with two passes, these indicators were 1417.6‒940.1 g; 443.4‒400.3 g; 344‒323 units, and 43.2‒40.0 g respectively. The results of soil cultivation in the semi-arid conditions of the Jalilabad Regional Experimental Station showed different results compared to the Absheron AEF. Under the use of N80P60K45 and N60P60K40 fertilizers for winter wheat and barley, and with the heavy disc cultivation at a depth of 10‒12 cm with two passes, the dry matter mass was 875.0‒670.2 g, the mass of grain per plant was 303.3‒275.4 g, the number of productive stems was 270.3‒316.3 units, and the mass of 1000 grains was 49.9‒46.2 g.
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Статья научная
The Ganja-Dashkesan economic region has a predominantly semi-desert and steppe climate. The area consists of mountains and plains on the northeastern slopes of the Lesser Caucasus. These natural and geographical conditions create conditions for the development of various agricultural sectors. Global climate change and the region's water availability have a significant impact on agricultural production. Climatic factors are among the main determinants of crop diversity and productivity in the region. A sharp decline in precipitation has led to increased drought, the use of water resources dependent on transboundary rivers, and a significant reduction in phytomass. There is a close correlation between average annual precipitation dynamics and the index of physical volume of agricultural production. Irrigation systems and canals do not meet modern standards and are poorly managed, which is one of the main problems hindering agricultural development in the region.
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Статья научная
The review highlights animal coronaviruses, their pathogenicity, and the possible role of domestic and agricultural animals in the further spread of the COVID-19. Joint researches have been established amongst an international team of scientists regarding a close phylogenetic relationship of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 with the coronaviruses of bats and carnivores, especially with the representatives of the Felidae family (domestic cats). However, the case of Middle Eastern SARS transmitted by camels has required special attention to biological safety measures in farms.
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The cultivation of winter wheat in the Ganja-Gazakh economic region
Статья научная
To obtain a high yield of wheat, the described cultivation technology should be observed. Consideration should be given to the biological characteristics of winter wheat, varieties, soil preparation for sowing, sowing dates, sowing rates, irrigation, fertilization, disease and pest control, and, finally, timely harvest without losses in accordance with relevant conditions. Since winter wheat is demanding on mineral fertilizers, one of the most important factors was the determination of the norms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers. Taking into account the fact that the chemical composition of winter wheat grain is not constant, but varies depending on the type and variety, climatic conditions, soil fertility, cultivation technology, a technology has been developed for growing 4 different varieties of winter wheat. For the Ganja-Kazakh economic region to obtain high-quality grain, which makes it possible to obtain an average yield of 50-60 centners per 1 ha.
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Статья научная
The study of the nitrogen cycle in nature is of great importance, because as a result of anthropogenic impacts the small changes cause the chemical pollution of the soil. The effect of anthropogenic and environmental factors to the productivity of azotobacter cultures on the soils of the Ganja-Gazakh natural economic zone has been described in the article.
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Статья научная
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis on tomato plant diseases. The study area is Samukh district of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Our studies were conducted on experimental plants in the laboratory of plant disease diagnostics of the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University. The experiment was conducted in 3 variants: control, application of microbial fertilizer (MGT), standard application of fertilizer + application of Bacillus subtilis (SGT + MGT). Tomato plant cuttings are planted in pots after application of microbial fertilizer (1 ml / 10 l). At the beginning of flowering, fertilizer (1 ml / 100 l) was applied as a spray on the leaves. When comparing the experimental variants, it was confirmed that high tomato yield and disease resistance are observed when using microbial fertilizer. The study of the effect of Bacillus subtilis bacteria on tomato plant diseases has not been previously conducted in Azerbaijan.
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Статья научная
Sustainable farming practices include a variety of approaches. The most important approach to sustainable agriculture is crop diversification. This allows farmers to use biological cycles to minimize costs, conserve the resource base, maximize crop yields, and reduce environmental risk. It serves as an important opportunity to augment income and employment generation for rural communities. In contrast to specialized agriculture, crop diversification can be defined as an attempt to promote crop diversity through crop rotation, perennials or mixed cropping with the aim of improving crop performance, sustainability and supply of ecological systems. This can be a step towards more sustainable production systems, value chains for small crops and socio-economic benefits. Expanded agricultural diversity, better crop rotations, mixed cropping, cultivation of grain legumes in systems that are generally dominated by cereals, perennials, and regionally adapted (specialized) varieties are all examples of crop diversification strategies. As a result of the research carried out in the article, it can be noted that by carrying out the crop diversification under the irrigation and the same cultivation conditions, it is possible to obtain high and quality grain products from the varieties of feed peas Azerbaijan 1508 (green mass), wheat Gobustan and barley Jalilabad-19. This method is considered to be efficient both economically and cultivatically.
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The effect of innovative hydroponic feed technology on poultry performance in private farms
Статья научная
The research was carried out at the Scientific Research Veterinary Institute and in the subsidiary farms of the Khachmaz district (Azerbaijan). The article presents data on the development of poultry farming and food production. To develop a rational and proper feeding of poultry, the addition of antibiotic-effective plants with high nutritional qualities, to the feeding of chickens was used. This led to an increase in meat productivity, a reduction in feeding costs, and an improvement in productivity. Thus, an experiment was conducted by adding the antibiotic-effective plants of sorghum, licorice root, amaranth grain and hydroponically germinated corn, barley, amaranth and sorghum grain to the feed share of young birds to study the effect on meat productivity.
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Статья научная
The study of different rice varieties, determination of their compatibility with soil and climatic conditions is the most important direction in the development of agricultural science. In 2022, research work was carried out on three rice varieties in the village of Shikhakaran, Lankaran district: Govhar (regional), Sarykiprik (local) and Avangard (improved). Soil samples were collected and analyzed taking into account the introduction of various organic fertilizers, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in five variants and three replicates. Phenological observations were carried out and the qualitative and quantitative indicators of plants were studied. According to the results obtained, it can be noted that rice growth varies from 109.3 to 148.0 cm, plant bushing is 6.7-15.5 cm. The highest bushing was noted against the background of mineral fertilizer in the Govhar variety. The length of the lateral shoots is at least 21.5 cm, maximum 25.2 cm. Accordingly, the number of grains on the lateral shoots is 56.0-109.4 pcs. On the lateral shoots, the highest indicator was observed in the Govhar variety - 2.0-5.2 g. The productivity of the Govhar variety against the background of mineral fertilizers was 25.5 g, and for the Avangard variety - 23.3 g. The thousand seed weight is 23.2-33.1 g, and the Govhar, Sarykiprik, Avangard varieties were distinguished by relatively high indicators against the background of mineral fertilizer. In grains, in terms of protein content, against the background of organic fertilizer, the Govhar variety was 9.03%, against the background without fertilizer, the Sarykiprik variety - 9.3%, against the background of organic and mineral fertilizer, the Avangard variety - 8.87%. No differences in the amount of sugar in seeds were found between the varieties.
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The effect of salt solutions on the DMDH enzyme activity in the Hordeum vulgare primary incubation
Статья научная
Plants are subjected to a wide range of environmental stresses which reduces and limits the productivity of agricultural crops. Two types of environmental stresses are encountered to plants which can be categorized as abiotic stress and biotic stress. The abiotic stress causes the loss of major crop plants worldwide and includes radiation, soil salinization, floods, drought, extremes in temperature, heavy metals, etc. Abiotic stresses such as drought (water stress), excessive watering (water logging), extreme temperatures (cold, frost and heat), soil salinization and mineral toxicity negatively impact growth, development, yield and seed quality of crop and other plants. In future it is predicted that freshwater scarcity will increase and ultimately intensity of abiotic stresses will increase.
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The effect of some elements of cultivation in stubble on the glycine max performance
Статья научная
In the irrigation conditions of Azerbaijan, the cultivation of Glycine max in stubble fields after harvesting the barley crop along with spring sowing is also economically very important. Sowing in stubble fields makes it possible to obtain additional grain yield and fodder from a single area, and to use reclamation facilities efficiently. At this time, the soil is provided with organic matter for autumn planting, and at the same time salinization is prevented, soil erosion and weed control issues are fully resolved. Cultivation of stubble field crops in large farms increases the possibilities of more efficient use of labor force, irrigation networks, agricultural machinery and equipment. During the conducted research, different results were obtained regarding the effect of different irrigation regimes and fertilizer rates on soybean grain yield. The resulting productivity depended on the plant coverage factor, leaf surface area, changes in wet and dry biomass. The smallest indicator of the yield was 10.0 centners in the variant with soil moisture of 60% before irrigation, and the highest indicator was 25.8 cwt/ha in the variant of the fertilizer rate calculated when the soil moisture was 80%, which is the same as the yield obtained from the autumn sowing of barley of the previous year (39 cwt/ha) together, it is equal to the yield of 67.9 cwt/ha from 1 hectare of land in one year.
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The history of apricot origin on the territory of Kyrgyzstan
Статья обзорная
The author examines the history of the origin of apricots and their biology, ecology and distribution around the world. The history of distribution and development of apricot in the Kyrgyz Republic is analyzed. Varieties and their biology are described. The main ecological features of apricot varieties are presented. In the south of Kyrgyzstan, there are all natural opportunities for processing apricots as a cultural culture that ensures high quality products. The fruits of apricot varieties are a functional crop that can be used both dry and fresh, differing in technological quality, high biological vitamin value and mineral composition. For this reason, high-quality dried and kitchen apricot varieties have been grown in the south of Kyrgyzstan for many years.
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Статья научная
This article conveys the results of investigations conducted on the study of the impact of drying methods of vine variety bunches on finished product and quality. For carrying out experiments Katta Kurgan, Kara Janjal, Sultani, Khusayni Muscat vine varieties bunches were used. As drying methods, we applied sun-dry and film-dry and artificial drying methods. It was noted that abundant finished goods of best quality were observed in the variants of black film-dry and artificial-dry. The highest evaluation for degustation of finished product was in bunches of Sultani variety in black film-dry variant.
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The impact of hydroponic feeding stuff with antibiotic action on egg-laying capacity
Статья научная
The article describes the study of poultry feeding by adding fenugreek, liquorice, amaranth grains, having antibiotic action and hydroponically cultivated grains of corn, barley, amaranth and fenugreek to the feed allowance of chickens, having high nutritional qualities and influence on the egg-laying capacity of maternal chickens. The studies were carried out in the Khudat poultry farm of the Khachmaz district and on parental chickens, rearing at the Veterinary Scientific Research Institute. So, from antibiotic-effective plants in order to study the impact of fenugreek, liquorice, amaranth grain and cultivated hydroponically of corn, barley, amaranth and fenugreek grains having high nutritional qualities on the egg-laying capacity of chickens by adding to the feed allowance, an experiment was set. The feeds mentioned have antibacterial and antitoxic properties and regulate water-salt metabolism, contribute to the normal functioning of the stomach, stimulate the peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract, strengthen the endocrine and immune system, the body's resistance. As a consequence of the studies conducted, it was found that the content of raw protein in amaranth grain grown by the hydroponic method is - 23.1%, and in fenugreek - 33.9%, as well as 19.9% of linolenic acid contained in the seeds mentioned, by reducing the level of the cortisol stress hormone which can destroy muscles and increase the fat layer, strengthens the immune system. As a result, the transport of nutrients to the cells improves, which makes it easier to absorb nutrients, increases bone density by improving the balance of calcium.
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The impact of pack bees on honey production
Статья научная
In this research, the impact of package bees on honey production is investigated and proposals are made regarding the role of package beekeeping in the production of beekeeping products and development perspectives. Pack bees are new bee families created by separating from existing families. They are used in beekeeping to increase families, strengthen weak families and establish new bee families. The honey production of pack bees varies between the first province and the following provinces. The Naxchivan population of the Yellow Qafqaz bee genus (Apis mellifera caucasuca flova populatio Nachitshevanica), spread on the territory of the Naxchivan Muxtar Republic of the Republic of Azerbaijan, is used to breed in the first half of May and June. A new package bee family was created by separating 2 bee frames, each with 1.2 kq bees and 2 bee increments. The results of the conducted investigation show that the package bee families received on the dates of 01.05.24, 23.05.24 and 23.05.24 produced the main nectar income during the period. They were able to collect a total of 24.5±2.3 kq of honey by turning it into their families and filtering 8 kq of honey from each of them in the seasonal supply and their own winter food. Since the package bee families taken from the bee families on 15.06.24 were transferred to the main bee family in the middle of the main nectar season, they were only able to collect winter reserve food for themselves. In the first 3 months, pack bees directed their main energy to the formation of the family and candle production, and honey production was minimal. The productivity of package bees depends on the time they are collected, the quality and quantity of the bees in the packages, the conditions of honey collection, as well as the type of bees. Proper management and nutrition conditions play an essential role in increasing productivity.
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The main pests of rice and measures to counteract them
Статья научная
In this article, described the injuriousness of the following rice pests such as tadpole shrimps (Apus concriformis Sh.), larvae of rice weevil (Hybronomus sunnaticollis Fst), larvae of coastal flies (Ephydra macellaria Egg), thorny wheat thrips (Haplotrips aculatus Farb.) and other ones, as well as measures to combat against them.
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