Сельскохозяйственные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Taxonomic relationship of wide pests in sugar beet agrocenosis
Статья научная
Based on the conducted research, information on the species composition of pests that spread in the agricultural farms of Imishli and Agdash districts of the Republic, where sugar beet is grown, as well as in the private backyards of the population, was reflected in the article. During extensive research conducted in stationary areas and surrounding areas, it was determined that pests belonging to the groups of Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera are found in the agrocenosis of sugar beet.
Бесплатно
Tetranychus urticae Koch biology on apple trees
Статья научная
The two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae Koch) is a polyphagous arthropod herbivore that consumes over 1,100 plant species from 140 distinct plant families, including those producing harmful chemicals in temperate and tropical climates. It is an important pest in greenhouse and field cultivation, causing damage to various crops such as citrus, apples, grapes, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, strawberries, maize, and soy. T. urticae ability to spread over agricultural fields and adapt to environmental stressors is linked to its high propensity for mutation, leading to the highest frequency of pesticide resistance among arthropods. The genetic diversity of T. urticae gathered from apple orchards throughout Poland has been studied to investigate potential correlations between molecular variations and the occurrence of resistance to METI-acaricides. Research has shown that an abundance of leaf pubescence on the abaxial leaf surface adversely affects the development of European red mite, two-spotted spider mite, and carmine spider mite. However, due to variations in leaf sizes, tree canopy, tree ages, and the existence of natural enemies, it is impossible to compare data gathered due to variations in leaf sizes, tree canopy, tree ages, and the presence of natural enemies. Pesticide treatments negatively impact fruit plantations' ecosystems, devastating biodiversity, altering the makeup and structure of arthropod populations, and promoting mass reproduction of phytophage mites by displacing certain species with others. The most extensive research has been done on the common spider mite's development of resistance to avermectin group preparations, with some studies showing resistance to multiple acaricides.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The review highlights animal coronaviruses, their pathogenicity, and the possible role of domestic and agricultural animals in the further spread of the COVID-19. Joint researches have been established amongst an international team of scientists regarding a close phylogenetic relationship of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 with the coronaviruses of bats and carnivores, especially with the representatives of the Felidae family (domestic cats). However, the case of Middle Eastern SARS transmitted by camels has required special attention to biological safety measures in farms.
Бесплатно
The cultivation of winter wheat in the Ganja-Gazakh economic region
Статья научная
To obtain a high yield of wheat, the described cultivation technology should be observed. Consideration should be given to the biological characteristics of winter wheat, varieties, soil preparation for sowing, sowing dates, sowing rates, irrigation, fertilization, disease and pest control, and, finally, timely harvest without losses in accordance with relevant conditions. Since winter wheat is demanding on mineral fertilizers, one of the most important factors was the determination of the norms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers. Taking into account the fact that the chemical composition of winter wheat grain is not constant, but varies depending on the type and variety, climatic conditions, soil fertility, cultivation technology, a technology has been developed for growing 4 different varieties of winter wheat. For the Ganja-Kazakh economic region to obtain high-quality grain, which makes it possible to obtain an average yield of 50-60 centners per 1 ha.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The study of the nitrogen cycle in nature is of great importance, because as a result of anthropogenic impacts the small changes cause the chemical pollution of the soil. The effect of anthropogenic and environmental factors to the productivity of azotobacter cultures on the soils of the Ganja-Gazakh natural economic zone has been described in the article.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis on tomato plant diseases. The study area is Samukh district of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Our studies were conducted on experimental plants in the laboratory of plant disease diagnostics of the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University. The experiment was conducted in 3 variants: control, application of microbial fertilizer (MGT), standard application of fertilizer + application of Bacillus subtilis (SGT + MGT). Tomato plant cuttings are planted in pots after application of microbial fertilizer (1 ml / 10 l). At the beginning of flowering, fertilizer (1 ml / 100 l) was applied as a spray on the leaves. When comparing the experimental variants, it was confirmed that high tomato yield and disease resistance are observed when using microbial fertilizer. The study of the effect of Bacillus subtilis bacteria on tomato plant diseases has not been previously conducted in Azerbaijan.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Sustainable farming practices include a variety of approaches. The most important approach to sustainable agriculture is crop diversification. This allows farmers to use biological cycles to minimize costs, conserve the resource base, maximize crop yields, and reduce environmental risk. It serves as an important opportunity to augment income and employment generation for rural communities. In contrast to specialized agriculture, crop diversification can be defined as an attempt to promote crop diversity through crop rotation, perennials or mixed cropping with the aim of improving crop performance, sustainability and supply of ecological systems. This can be a step towards more sustainable production systems, value chains for small crops and socio-economic benefits. Expanded agricultural diversity, better crop rotations, mixed cropping, cultivation of grain legumes in systems that are generally dominated by cereals, perennials, and regionally adapted (specialized) varieties are all examples of crop diversification strategies. As a result of the research carried out in the article, it can be noted that by carrying out the crop diversification under the irrigation and the same cultivation conditions, it is possible to obtain high and quality grain products from the varieties of feed peas Azerbaijan 1508 (green mass), wheat Gobustan and barley Jalilabad-19. This method is considered to be efficient both economically and cultivatically.
Бесплатно
The effect of innovative hydroponic feed technology on poultry performance in private farms
Статья научная
The research was carried out at the Scientific Research Veterinary Institute and in the subsidiary farms of the Khachmaz district (Azerbaijan). The article presents data on the development of poultry farming and food production. To develop a rational and proper feeding of poultry, the addition of antibiotic-effective plants with high nutritional qualities, to the feeding of chickens was used. This led to an increase in meat productivity, a reduction in feeding costs, and an improvement in productivity. Thus, an experiment was conducted by adding the antibiotic-effective plants of sorghum, licorice root, amaranth grain and hydroponically germinated corn, barley, amaranth and sorghum grain to the feed share of young birds to study the effect on meat productivity.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The study of different rice varieties, determination of their compatibility with soil and climatic conditions is the most important direction in the development of agricultural science. In 2022, research work was carried out on three rice varieties in the village of Shikhakaran, Lankaran district: Govhar (regional), Sarykiprik (local) and Avangard (improved). Soil samples were collected and analyzed taking into account the introduction of various organic fertilizers, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in five variants and three replicates. Phenological observations were carried out and the qualitative and quantitative indicators of plants were studied. According to the results obtained, it can be noted that rice growth varies from 109.3 to 148.0 cm, plant bushing is 6.7-15.5 cm. The highest bushing was noted against the background of mineral fertilizer in the Govhar variety. The length of the lateral shoots is at least 21.5 cm, maximum 25.2 cm. Accordingly, the number of grains on the lateral shoots is 56.0-109.4 pcs. On the lateral shoots, the highest indicator was observed in the Govhar variety - 2.0-5.2 g. The productivity of the Govhar variety against the background of mineral fertilizers was 25.5 g, and for the Avangard variety - 23.3 g. The thousand seed weight is 23.2-33.1 g, and the Govhar, Sarykiprik, Avangard varieties were distinguished by relatively high indicators against the background of mineral fertilizer. In grains, in terms of protein content, against the background of organic fertilizer, the Govhar variety was 9.03%, against the background without fertilizer, the Sarykiprik variety - 9.3%, against the background of organic and mineral fertilizer, the Avangard variety - 8.87%. No differences in the amount of sugar in seeds were found between the varieties.
Бесплатно
The effect of salt solutions on the DMDH enzyme activity in the Hordeum vulgare primary incubation
Статья научная
Plants are subjected to a wide range of environmental stresses which reduces and limits the productivity of agricultural crops. Two types of environmental stresses are encountered to plants which can be categorized as abiotic stress and biotic stress. The abiotic stress causes the loss of major crop plants worldwide and includes radiation, soil salinization, floods, drought, extremes in temperature, heavy metals, etc. Abiotic stresses such as drought (water stress), excessive watering (water logging), extreme temperatures (cold, frost and heat), soil salinization and mineral toxicity negatively impact growth, development, yield and seed quality of crop and other plants. In future it is predicted that freshwater scarcity will increase and ultimately intensity of abiotic stresses will increase.
Бесплатно
The effect of some elements of cultivation in stubble on the glycine max performance
Статья научная
In the irrigation conditions of Azerbaijan, the cultivation of Glycine max in stubble fields after harvesting the barley crop along with spring sowing is also economically very important. Sowing in stubble fields makes it possible to obtain additional grain yield and fodder from a single area, and to use reclamation facilities efficiently. At this time, the soil is provided with organic matter for autumn planting, and at the same time salinization is prevented, soil erosion and weed control issues are fully resolved. Cultivation of stubble field crops in large farms increases the possibilities of more efficient use of labor force, irrigation networks, agricultural machinery and equipment. During the conducted research, different results were obtained regarding the effect of different irrigation regimes and fertilizer rates on soybean grain yield. The resulting productivity depended on the plant coverage factor, leaf surface area, changes in wet and dry biomass. The smallest indicator of the yield was 10.0 centners in the variant with soil moisture of 60% before irrigation, and the highest indicator was 25.8 cwt/ha in the variant of the fertilizer rate calculated when the soil moisture was 80%, which is the same as the yield obtained from the autumn sowing of barley of the previous year (39 cwt/ha) together, it is equal to the yield of 67.9 cwt/ha from 1 hectare of land in one year.
Бесплатно
The history of apricot origin on the territory of Kyrgyzstan
Статья обзорная
The author examines the history of the origin of apricots and their biology, ecology and distribution around the world. The history of distribution and development of apricot in the Kyrgyz Republic is analyzed. Varieties and their biology are described. The main ecological features of apricot varieties are presented. In the south of Kyrgyzstan, there are all natural opportunities for processing apricots as a cultural culture that ensures high quality products. The fruits of apricot varieties are a functional crop that can be used both dry and fresh, differing in technological quality, high biological vitamin value and mineral composition. For this reason, high-quality dried and kitchen apricot varieties have been grown in the south of Kyrgyzstan for many years.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
This article conveys the results of investigations conducted on the study of the impact of drying methods of vine variety bunches on finished product and quality. For carrying out experiments Katta Kurgan, Kara Janjal, Sultani, Khusayni Muscat vine varieties bunches were used. As drying methods, we applied sun-dry and film-dry and artificial drying methods. It was noted that abundant finished goods of best quality were observed in the variants of black film-dry and artificial-dry. The highest evaluation for degustation of finished product was in bunches of Sultani variety in black film-dry variant.
Бесплатно
The impact of hydroponic feeding stuff with antibiotic action on egg-laying capacity
Статья научная
The article describes the study of poultry feeding by adding fenugreek, liquorice, amaranth grains, having antibiotic action and hydroponically cultivated grains of corn, barley, amaranth and fenugreek to the feed allowance of chickens, having high nutritional qualities and influence on the egg-laying capacity of maternal chickens. The studies were carried out in the Khudat poultry farm of the Khachmaz district and on parental chickens, rearing at the Veterinary Scientific Research Institute. So, from antibiotic-effective plants in order to study the impact of fenugreek, liquorice, amaranth grain and cultivated hydroponically of corn, barley, amaranth and fenugreek grains having high nutritional qualities on the egg-laying capacity of chickens by adding to the feed allowance, an experiment was set. The feeds mentioned have antibacterial and antitoxic properties and regulate water-salt metabolism, contribute to the normal functioning of the stomach, stimulate the peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract, strengthen the endocrine and immune system, the body's resistance. As a consequence of the studies conducted, it was found that the content of raw protein in amaranth grain grown by the hydroponic method is - 23.1%, and in fenugreek - 33.9%, as well as 19.9% of linolenic acid contained in the seeds mentioned, by reducing the level of the cortisol stress hormone which can destroy muscles and increase the fat layer, strengthens the immune system. As a result, the transport of nutrients to the cells improves, which makes it easier to absorb nutrients, increases bone density by improving the balance of calcium.
Бесплатно
The main pests of rice and measures to counteract them
Статья научная
In this article, described the injuriousness of the following rice pests such as tadpole shrimps (Apus concriformis Sh.), larvae of rice weevil (Hybronomus sunnaticollis Fst), larvae of coastal flies (Ephydra macellaria Egg), thorny wheat thrips (Haplotrips aculatus Farb.) and other ones, as well as measures to combat against them.
Бесплатно
The meadow-sierozem soils current state (Greater Caucasus, Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
The aim of the research is obtaining new information about the genesis, the current state, is studying the diagnostic features of the meadow-sierozem soils of the northeastern part of the Greater Caucasus and give the name to these soils in accordance with the International Classification Soils on the Reference Base (WRB) in 2015. The objects of research are meadow-sierozem soils in Shabran district, northeastern part of the Greater Caucasus. Study methods: field studies (relief, vegetation, laying of soil sections, their description, selection of soil samples, establishment of a preliminary classification name of the soils) and physicochemical analyzes of soil samples (humus, gross nitrogen, C:N ratio, reaction of the soil environment, capacity of cation exchange, granulometric composition, composition of complete water extract) were carried out by conventional methods. It has been established that the most characteristic diagnostic indicators of meadow-sierozem soils are the presence of clay signs in horizon B and carbonate formations in the form of mold. Meadow-sierozem soils are low-humus. The reaction of the soil environment is alkaline. According to the granulometric composition, these soils are of medium and heavy clayey or medium and light loamy. Conclusion. The present state of virgin and cultivated meadow-sierozem soils has been studied. For the first time, the diagnostic criteria of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) were applied to meadow-sierozem soils, and an attempt was made to give the name of meadow-sierozem soils according to the international classification of soils based on the on the Reference Base (WRB) 2015. With the different principal and supplementary qualifiers, all soils were classified as Calcisols.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
A total of 704 blood samples (561 sheep, 143 goats) were examined for the Anaplasma ovis infection during a 1-year period. PCR and ELISA were used for the detection of the A. ovis antibodies. PCR assay identified A. ovis in 20 (8.1%) sheep and 15 (6.09%) goats. Using ELISA assay, 8.53% (31) were positive (21 sheep, 10 goats). A total of 246 blood smears were examined for the presence of intra-erythrocytic inclusions using Giemsa stain. Among the collected specimens, 60 were found positive with an overall prevalence of 24.3%. Among the 60 positive animals, 26 (43.3%) were sheep and 34 (56.7%) were goat. In the peripheral blood samples, the other piroplasmids - Babesia ovis, Theileria ovis, Th. recondita - were followed in an associative form. The ticks were collected, and the species composition was appointed in order to determine the ticks parasitized and have a pathogenic lifestyle in small ruminants. The intensive infection with the ticks of 2 genera - Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma was followed in small ruminants. It was determined that 45.8% of sheep and 35.1% of goats were infected intensively with the ticks of the Hyalomma genus. 110 samples prepared from the ticks of the Hyalomma genus were tested from the PCR test according to the Anaplasma ovis pathogen. 45 samples (40.9%) were assessed positively that 21 samples of them belonged to sheep and 24 of them to goats. 80 samples prepared from the internal organs of the ticks were examined according to the A. ovis parasite and the obtained results were analyzed. In 5 out of 35 samples which detected the parasites, A. ovis was followed, and in 30 samples, the associative parasites: Th. ovis, B. ovis piroplasmids. The Rickettsia and Coxiella pathogens were also detected in the samples.
Бесплатно
The role of sugar beet pests and entomophages in sugar beet agrocenoses in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The studies have been taken in condition of laboratory and in suburbs in 2014-2018. The laboratory experiences have been carried out in the automatic-controlled specific thermostats and in room condition at the Applied Zoology Center of the Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan NAS. The suburb practices were held in the specific stationary fields, in the agriculture of Imishli and Aghdash in which the sugar beets were planted. As a result of a comprehensive study carried out on stationary fields and adjacent territories, it was determined that 22 species, 18 genera, 4 families from the order Coleoptera, 5 species, 5 genera, 3 families from the order Hemiptera, 8 species, 7 genera, 3 families from the order Orthoptera, 1 species, 1 genus, 1 family from the order Diptera, 12 species, 8 genera, 4 families from the order Lepidoptera live in the beetroot agrocenosis at different times of the year and are subject to subsistence farming. Of the species found in agrocenoses, 33 are periodically observed and do not cause economic damage to farms, 11 are permanent and can cause serious damage during massive growth. Six species (Bothynoderes punctiventris, Chaetocnema concinna, Ch. breviuscula, Aphis fabae, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Agrotis segetum) were permanent residents of the agrocenosis. Each year, they seriously reduce productivity. It is known that there are a part of pests having a place to diverse groups which harm plants and decrease performance in sugar beet agrocenosis. Entomophages regulate the number of pests and prevent their massive growth in sugar beet agrocenosis. Entomophages such as predator ground beetles, rove beetles, spiders and predator ticks, which are spread in sugar beet agrocenosis, are polyphages, therefore during the vegetation of plant they are nourished by pests and have important economic importance for the agrocenosis. As a result, almost all activities of the polyphage entomophages in the agrocenosis are practically valuable. Thus, they are closely involved in regulating the number of insect pests in the sugar beet fields and minimizing their harmful activities.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
During period 2015-2020 spreading of acanthocephaliasis in the rainbow and brown trout in the fish breeding farms of Azerbaijan Republic was studied. Totally, from 668 fish examined specimens 430 (64.37%) were infected. Correlation of data on the extensiveness and intensity of invasion by thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala) in trout farms is ventured to make an assumption about unfavorable epidemiological situation in trout breeding farms of the Republic of Azerbaijan. For the purpose of control acanthocephaliasis in trout, a number of drugs were used. The most effective drug was Tetramizole-20%, which was adopted in the trout farms.
Бесплатно
Tomato crops powdery mildews in the western part of Azerbaijan and measures to combat it
Статья научная
In the western part of Azerbaijan, tomato plants currently make up half of the open and covered fields. In recent years, the range and damage possibilities of fungi, which were rarely encountered before and were not characterized by high damage, have expanded in the tomato plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. The route and stationary observation-calculation works conducted in the western part of Azerbaijan showed that numerous pathogens are spread in tomato crops. Among these diseases, it has been determined that powdery mildew disease, which was not of economic importance before, prevails due to its spread and damage to crops. A fungicide trial was conducted against the disease.
Бесплатно
