Сельскохозяйственные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Статья научная
Авторы приводят перечень медоносных растений гаригской и высокогорной степи, а также подробную информацию об их медосборных показателях. Гарига и степная растительность Нахчыванской АР располагают весьма хорошими медоносами. Многие из них в Азербайджане впервые изучены нами в медоносном отношении. К таким относятся астрагал золотистый, астрагал аргурский, астрагал горный, астрагал озерный, анхуза итальянская, буковица восточная, вика изящная, вика изменчивая, вика Гроссгейма, люцерна голубая, эспарцет Бузе, остролодка савелланская, котовник торчащий, чистец пушистый, шалфей мутовчатый, шалфей окаймленный, шалфей сухостепной, шалфей Андрея, шалфей амазийский, шрадерия змееголовниковая, тимьян мегрийский, мытник Сибторпа и примула ушастая. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что средний медосбор на гектар гаригской степи составляет 59,6 кг, а на гектар высокогорной тимьяново-астаралогово-типчаковой степи – 34 кг.
Бесплатно
Natural fiber - polysaccharide food supplement of antitoxic action
Статья научная
The toxicological assessment of meat raw materials on the consumer market in Imereti region was conducted in Georgia. In 45% of the samples, the content of the lead has been estimated at 2.5-3 times more than 0.1 mg/kg. In modern ecological conditions, the natural fibrous polysaccharide composition of antioxidant action has been worked out to increase the toxicological safety of food raw materials in the modern ecological conditions - the ratio of active wheat bran, high molecular pectin and low molecular pectin 15:3:2. The lead sorption ability has been studied by the composition. The technological properties of the supplement are studied. Based on the obtained results, techniques for functional purpose meat products have been developed for children and diabetes patients using these additives.
Бесплатно
New method of using mobile robots for implementing warehouse operations
Статья научная
The new patented method of movements of packaged cargoes at the warehouse is proposed in this article. The proposed method of loading is superior in economic efficiency, reliability, cheapness, simplicity of construction and use, to all other methods of loading implemented by robots. The method allows the mobile robot to load a cargo which is three times as heavy as this mobile robot, wherein almost no electrical energy is consumed during loading. In implementing the method, two mobile robots are used, each of which contains a mobile platform, an omnidirectional mobile wheel-type mechanism and a transport suspension with independent suspension for each wheel. Actually, mobile robots help each other to load cargo on the first mobile robot, through robot cooperation. Loading of the container with the load on the first mobile robot is carried out by actuating a two-arm lever, which is carried out through the impact of the bottom of the mobile platform of the second mobile robot on the longer arm of the two-arm lever by lowering the mobile platform of the second mobile robot due to the operation of the transport suspension of the mobile platform of the second mobile robot. For example, if the length of the longer arm of the two-arm lever is three times longer than the shorter arm of the two-arm lever then the second mobile robot of weight 50 kg is capable of loading a container with a load of weight 150 kg on the first mobile robot.
Бесплатно
Organic agriculture in Turkey and the world
Статья научная
Organic agriculture is an alternative production system that supports soil structure, fertility and conservation by protecting the ecological balance, using biological control methods against diseases and pests; based on the sustainability of living life, aiming for the highest yield with the maximum use of natural energy resources. In this context, it covers a different production process from conventional agriculture. While intensive input applications in conventional agriculture aim for the highest yield, organic agriculture prioritizes sustainability. Sustainable agriculture is defined as an agricultural practice that protects soil, water and biodiversity while meeting food, energy and natural resource needs. To ensure that organic agriculture contributes to sustainability goals, organic regulations need to focus more on environmental and best practices. Increasing demands day by day have positively affected the sustainability of organic agriculture. The common feature of most of the definitions of organic agriculture is that the products should be produced in accordance with the basic standards and that every stage from the land to the table is regularly controlled. The fact that every stage of organic agriculture is audited and documented, and that the practices operate in accordance with legal procedures are other noteworthy elements. These legal procedures provide protection at many points. Organic agriculture is not only limited to safe food production to protect human health; it is also an agricultural and ecosystem management that is environmentally friendly, effective in reducing ecological pollution, protection of water resources, prevention of erosion, protection of biodiversity, agricultural sustainability and agricultural development.
Бесплатно
Perspective of rural tourism development in Uzbekistan
Статья научная
The article is devoted to actual problems of effective development of rural tourism in Uzbekistan. Currently, there are 10,865 villages in Uzbekistan. Each of these villages has a unique tourist destination. The government attaches great importance to creating new jobs in rural areas and improving the living standards of the population. Rural tourism is one of the directions of the economy that can be used in this direction. When organizing rural tourism, the following points should be taken into account: first, that each village is a set of unique cultural, material and natural resources. Secondly, these are cultural landscapes, rural life and other resources. In conclusion, it is concluded that it is necessary to liberalize rural production; guide to ensure spiritual, physical recreation in the city; guide for rural culture, traditions and protection of the rural environment.
Бесплатно
Phyllocnistis citrella stainton, 1856 control methods in the Lankaran-Astara region
Статья научная
Research has been carried out on the biology and ecology of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton. This is one of the main pests of lemon and tangerine gardens in Azerbaijan. To combat this pest, various agricultural methods and chemicals were used. The most effective combinations have been identified. A detailed description is given in the work. Guidelines for pest risk assessment have been developed, emphasizing measures to protect citrus orchards from heavy infestation by Phyllocnistis citrella.
Бесплатно
Pisum sustainability system to Na2SO4
Статья научная
Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization. Plant adaptation or sustainability to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. A comprehensive understanding on how plants respond to salinity stress at different levels and an integrated approach of combining molecular tools with physiological and biochemical techniques are imperative for the development of salt-stable varieties of plants in salt-affected areas. Recent research has identified various adaptive responses to salinity stress at molecular, cellular, metabolic, and physiological levels, although mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance are far from being completely understood. This paper provides a comprehensive review of major research advances on biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms regulating plant adaptation and sustainability to salinity stress.
Бесплатно
Prevalence, treatment and prevention of ascariasis in turkeys
Статья научная
Ascaridiosis in turkeys is a parasitic disease caused by Ascaridia galli , one of the most prevalent helminth infections in poultry. This disease is particularly widespread among turkeys raised in semi-intensive or free-range systems and leads to decreased productivity, stunted growth, weakened immunity, and economic losses. Clinical signs include loss of appetite, weakness, poor feather condition, diarrhea, and growth retardation. In severe cases, it can result in mortality. Diagnosis is mainly based on microscopic examination of feces, where characteristic Ascaridia galli eggs can be identified. Necropsy of deceased birds may reveal large, white worms in the intestines, confirming the diagnosis. Treatment involves the use of broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs such as albendazole, fenbendazole, levamisole, and piperazine, which are administered through feed or drinking water in specific doses. Correct dosing and treatment duration are essential for effective control. Preventive measures include regular disinfection of cages and equipment, maintaining hygienic and dry conditions, ensuring clean feed and water, and conducting periodic veterinary monitoring. Prophylactic deworming every 3-4 months is recommended to reduce infection risk. This study highlights the biology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ascaridiosis in turkeys, emphasizing the importance of early detection and control to maintain flock health and productivity.
Бесплатно
Product quality in mixed cropping of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Статья научная
The article notes that the groundnuts crop yield in mixed cropping is the result of a combination of plant growth and development, photosynthetic activity, biomass harvesting and other aspects of increasing crop performance in specific soil and climatic conditions and depends on agricultural practices. In indoor practice, it has been found that the use of mixed cropping not only increases crop performance, but also improves crop quality. The amount of oil contained in groundnuts seeds, along with fast growing tomatoes, increased by 2.7% compared to groundnuts sole cropping. When sowing groundnuts with potatoes, a slight decrease in oil content was observed (49.5%). The content of proteins in this variant decreased by 2.4-1.5% compared with groundnuts sole cropping. The quality of potato tubers, including the amount of starch, changed in mixed cropping. When mixed cropping groundnuts and potatoes, the starch content in potato tubers increased to 25%. The quality of the tomatoes has also changed. The amount of vitamin C contained in medium and early ripening tomato varieties increased to 17.3-17.9 mg/%. This is 0.6-0.9 mg/% higher than on tomato sole cropping.
Бесплатно
Productivity of certain varieties of apples and importance of their gene formation
Статья научная
Due to the diversity of its natural and historical conditions, Azerbaijan is one of the centers of the initial formation of many plants, having a great genetic richness of the plant world. A large number of valuable varieties and forms of food and agricultural plants have been created through folk selection and scientific selection, with the history of agriculture covering several millennia. However, massive and anthropogenic disturbances of all these natural and cultural heritage ecosystems, which are the irreplaceable wealth of the people, created a large number of valuable varieties and forms of ecological and agricultural plants. However, all this natural and cultural heritage, which is the irreplaceable wealth of the people, is threatened with destruction as a result of mass and anthropogenic disturbances of ecosystems, ecological and agricultural changes, and the wide application of modern breeding achievements. In addition to all this, the study, protection, and effective use of the gene pool of the apple plant in the country is one of the main factors. In this regard, based on our long-term research, with the efficient use of the gene pool of the apple plant in Azerbaijan, new “spur”-type selection varieties (Nigar, Ziya, Zirva, Marfa, Sulh, Gobustan, Zumrud, Kyzyld Taj, Khazar, Eldar, Ulvi, Nübar, Vatan, Makhmari, Nuran, Sarvan, Chiraggala, Davamli, Emil, Elvin, Paizliq Guba, Zizliq Guba, Shabran, Sadaf and Sevinj) were created by us. In the article, the parental pairs of those cultivars are reflected in the ripening period, ripening, fruiting periods, tree parameters (height, diameter of the umbel, circumference of the stem), productivity indicators, leaf surface, infection rates of scab disease, average mass of fruits and tasting prices. At the same time, the article contains the introduction, research conditions, methodology, material, results, discussion, recommendations, and used literature sources.
Бесплатно
Productivity of spring-autumn pastures in mountainous areas in Nakhchivan
Статья научная
The article presents information about productivity of spring-autumn pastures in mountainous areas of Nakhchivan. Meadows of the territory of Günnut-Kapicik physical-geographical region, species composition and structure of multi-grass formation, indicators related to biochemical composition of meadows by plant formations, area of meadows by formations, productivity, Nutrition and capacity, productivity by botanical groups were studied in the conducted research. The article also studied the average three-year productivity in the main botanical groups for Babek, Shahbuz, and Ordubad districts.
Бесплатно
Prospects for the development of dairy farming of dekhkan farms in Uzbekistan
Статья научная
The global temperature rise, which is increasingly noticeable on our planet today, the global financial and economic crisis in the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demographic situation in various countries has a significant impact on all sectors of the economy, especially agriculture. The full satisfaction of the population’s needs for high-quality and cheap livestock products of local production depends mainly on measures for the development of dekhkan farms, which, in turn, requires the introduction of modern and innovative methods in this industry. The purpose of the study is to identify current problems in dekhkan dairy farms based on the analysis of statistical data for the period 2017-2021, as well as scientific research. Based on the results of the analysis, give practical proposals for the further development of dekhkan farms through the introduction of modern digital technologies. A digital mobile system created to provide services to dekhkan farms in the production of milk will be tested in dekhkan farms of the regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan and, on the recommendation of the relevant state organizations, put into practice.
Бесплатно
Quality control methods for turkey meat products
Статья научная
The article under discussion considers methods of quality control of turkey meat products. The author believes that the quality control of food raw materials and food products is a significant stage in the production of food products. It is important to organize research aimed at improving the quality and safety of turkey meat products, using accurate, rapid, and highly effective methods of infrared spectroscopy and chromato-mass spectrometry to determine its chemical composition to develop methods to determine the correctness of HS codes.
Бесплатно
Quality indicators of the fourth generation hybrids resistant to floury frost disease
Статья научная
In the article, the quantitative and qualitative indicators and correlations between the fourth (F4) generation hybrid samples obtained from the hybridization of wheat genotypes introduced from international centers and local varieties selected for their resistance to diseases and distinguished by high quality indicators were studied.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Feed plants are dynamically utilized by humans. This leads to a decreasing supply of feed plants. Also, considering that feed plants are eaten by animals, it can be observed that the decrease in the supply of these crops is inevitable. For this purpose, we studied the rare species of feed plants in the vegetation of Gunnut-Kapychik physiographic area where we conducted our research. The list of rare species distributed in the area is given by determining the distribution of feed plants in the area by altitudinal belts. Along with internationally recognized categories for determining the status of some important species, rare and endangered in nature, their relationship with the biome is also recorded. First of all, its past and present state in nature, its limiting factors are clarified and included in one of the relevant categories.
Бесплатно
Research Into Effective Treatment Methods for Nosematosis (Pebrin) Disease
Статья научная
For the first time in the conditions of the Republic of Azerbaijan, research was conducted to develop medicinal preventive and therapeutic methods against pebrin (nosematosis) disease of mulberry silkworms, which causes serious damage to silkworm farms. The study used both naturally pebrin-infected and healthy cocoons of the Namazli-2 mulberry silkworm breed and the larvae emerging from them. During the experiments, 2.0% solutions of fumagillin DCH (1.0%), amprolium, coccidiovit and baycox preparations were applied. As a result of the effect of these preparations on cocoons naturally infected with pebrin, the mortality rate in the worm stage decreased by 17.36–16.31%, and the total mortality decreased by 22.22–19.99% compared to the diseased control groups. At the same time, the survival rates of silkworms increased by 19.99–22.22% against the background of the disease. The cocoon yield obtained from one standard box (20,000 cocoons) was also comparatively higher by 9.2–10.6 kg. These results indicate that the use of the mentioned preparations has an effective treatment and preventive effect against pebrin (nosematosis) disease of mulberry silkworms and significantly contributes to increasing productivity in sericulture farms.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Collected and analyzed data on soil, ecological, climatic and relief conditions of the Mugan-Salyan cadastre region. The study of relief-climatic factors in the formation of soil and vegetation was carried out on the basis of both literary sources and our own research.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Azerbaijan is known as one of the oldest sheep breeding countries. The natural and geographical conditions of Azerbaijan had a special impact on the creation and development of animal husbandry, especially sheep breeding. At that time, the tribes living in Azerbaijan were engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding, which led to great changes in their way of life. During this period, although people lived collectively, the main place in cattle breeding, especially in caring for it and feeding it, was occupied by men. In 1953, the animal breeders of the Nekhram village of the Nakhchivan (Babek) district purchased 2618 lambs from 2580 ewes. In general, based on the materials of the Babek and Shahbuz districts of the Nakhchivan region, it can be seen from the studies of the first half of the 20th century that, although for certain reasons there were certain difficulties in the development of sheep breeding in these districts until the 1920s, great success was achieved after 1920 with the creation of favorable conditions, success was achieved, and sheep breeding played a large role in meeting the financial needs of the population.
Бесплатно
Signs, causes, fighting apple diseases
Статья научная
Numerous diseases often damage apples in home orchards each year. These include fly agaric and sooty mold, summer blight, black rot, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust. This article discusses the signs, causes, progression, treatment, and preventive measures for several apple tree diseases. Some infections attack the tree roots in the fall, but symptoms do not appear until the following spring, when the tree can no longer absorb enough water and nutrients to continue growing. Disease control in apple orchards is difficult due to the lack of effective chemical treatments. Preventive measures can help control these diseases.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Negative factors caused to erosion and other natural and anthropogenic factors in the vegetation on the territory of river basins near Ganja have been mentioned in the article. Soil reclamation by plants measures have been advised for revegetation. It has been considered restoration of basically taproot system of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in degraded plots of land through reintroduction. For that, up to 60 plant seeds have been sown in 18 polluted and degraded plots of land.
Бесплатно
