Сельскохозяйственные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Disease resistance of hybrid progenies and selection of the resistant species
Статья научная
The purpose of the study was to determine the degree of infection by various diseases and resistance of samples from different hybrid (F2 and F3) progenies. The selected disease resistant hybrid lines were recommended for the further investigations and hybridization programs as parental forms. F2 hybrid combinations resistant to yellow rust disease were found to be: TT 01404 Shefeg × Sonmez, TT 01407 Alman sortu × Murov-2, TT 01410 Shefeg-2 × Alman sortu, TT 01414 Doka × Alman sortu ; F3 hybrids: TT 01301 /1 Murov-2 × Bezostaya-1, TT 01302 /2 Murov-2 × Doka, TT 01321/1 Tereggi × Pervin, TT 01321/2 Tereggi × Pervin, TT 01327/2 Doka × Pervin, etc. F2 hybrid combinations resistant to brown rust disease were: TT 01417 Sonmez × Shefeg-2, TT 01424 Pervin × Azeri, TT 01434 Yubilieinaya100/Tilek/1 × Murov-2, TT 01438 Murov × Shefeg-2 ; F3 hybrids: TT 01302/2 Murov-2 × Doka, TT 01304/1 Murov-2 × Tanya, TT 01305/1 Murov-2 × Shefeg-2, TT 01305/3 Murov-2 × Shefeg-2, TT 01307 /1 Shefeg-2 × Doka . F2 hybrid lines resistant to powdery mildew disease were: TT 01413 Doka × Sonmez, TT 01422 Pervin × Murov-2, TT 01428 Vassa × Mahmud 80, TT 01431 Yubilieinaya100/Tilek/1 × Mahmud 80, TT 01433 Yubilieinaya100/Tilek /1 × Yegane ; F3 hybrids TT 01310/1 Shefeq-2 × Vassa, TT 01316 /3 Murov × Bezostaya-1, TT 01317/2 Murov × Tanya, TT 01321/1 Tereggi × Pervin, TT 01334/1 Sonmez × Pervin , etc.
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Статья научная
The faba bean Vicia faba L. is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world. Archaeological excavations show that this plant was first cultivated 10,000 years ago. During the Neolithic period (Stone Age), humans grew faba beans as a primary food source. In the Roman Empire, faba beans were widely used as both food and animal feed. Faba bean Vicia faba L. is a food crop known for its excellent taste and high-quality flavor. The composition of this plant contains 50-60% carbohydrates, 5-10% fiber, and 1-2% fats, mainly saturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids). It is rich in B-group vitamins: B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), and B6 vitamins. The plant also contains microelements such as Fe, K, Mg, P, Ca, and Zn, and fresh beans have a higher content of vitamin C. Vitamin E has antioxidant properties. The research was conducted on 15 samples of faba bean Vicia faba L.. The aim was to determine the resistance of these samples to drought, salinity, and high temperatures. Leaf samples were taken to evaluate resistance to drought and salinity, and to measure photosynthetic indicators such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll (a + b), and carotenoids. The most drought- and stress-resistant samples were selected. Additionally, the protein content, amounts of essential amino acids like lysine and tryptophan, moisture content, 100-seed weight, cooking time, water absorption capacity, and resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases were also determined. The high levels of protein and essential amino acids in the faba bean make it valuable for both food and animal feed purposes.
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Ecogeographic Characteristics and Agro-productive Assessment of the Shurud-Paradash Depression Soils
Статья научная
This article presents an eco-geographical assessment of the soil cover of the Shurud-Paradash Depression, located in the lowland zone of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The main objective of the study is to investigate the eco-geographical conditions of the area and assess the current state of its soils. As a result of comprehensive field and laboratory studies conducted in 2025, 25 soil types were identified in the area, and their morphological, physical, and chemical properties were analyzed. The study used a 100-point bonit scale, classifying soils into five quality groups: the highest rating was given to mountain brown soils (100 points), and the lowest to rocky riverbeds (14 points). The article presents a detailed study of the climatic conditions, hydrology, and landscape structure of the region, emphasizing the problems of degradation and water scarcity. Based on the results of the study, important practical proposals were put forward for the sustainable development of agriculture in the region, such as the restoration of water channels from the Gilanchay, the construction of new reservoirs, the repair of irrigation systems, and the creation of forest belts to combat erosion. This assessment is of strategic importance for both preserving the ecological balance and the socio-economic revival of the area.
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Ecological Status and Conservation of Natural Forage Areas in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Статья научная
The article investigates the distribution, degradation status, and conservation measures of natural forage areas, such as meadows and pastures, which constitute the main fodder base for livestock farming in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. It is noted that improper and uncontrolled use of these areas has led to changes in the botanical composition of meadows and pastures, as well as degradation of soil and vegetation cover. In this context, the efficient and sustainable use of natural forage lands in agriculture is of great importance. The study reveals that meadows are mainly located in the subalpine grasslands of mountainous regions and river valleys; summer pastures are situated in the alpine meadow zone, while winter pastures occupy the semi-desert zone of the Araz plain. The total area of natural forage lands in the Autonomous Republic amounts to 82,532 hectares, of which 3,177 hectares are meadows, 9,228 hectares are summer pastures, and 70,127 hectares are winter pastures. Intensive use of pasture lands has resulted in soil compaction due to trampling; in summer pastures, the turf layer has been damaged, and soil erosion and degradation have been observed. In winter pastures, the spread of weed species and soil salinization have increased. Currently, 7,325 hectares of summer pastures and 56,642 hectares of winter pastures have become unsuitable for agricultural use. Overall, 63,967 hectares (approximately 80%) of natural forage lands are assessed as degraded pastures. This trend contributes to landscape deterioration, loss of biological diversity, and an increased risk of desertification. Therefore, the protection, restoration, and sustainable use of natural forage resources require the implementation of comprehensive measures. The article also proposes specific recommendations aimed at preventing the degradation of meadows and pastures.
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Статья научная
The article deals with observations on plants and agrotechnical measures in accordance with the recommendations on the cultivation of plants in short rotation alternating and continuous crops consisting of cereal and inter-row cultivated plants under irrigation conditions. It is known that realizing the potential productivity of wheat in favorable soil and climate conditions is possible by applying high-level agrotechnics in various agro-ecological conditions. The highest indicators of spike elements of the Gobustan variety of wheat, which is the main source of research, were obtained in the crop rotation variant. In Absheron YTT, the spike length is 9.1 cm, the number of spikes is 17.4, the number of seeds is 43, and the mass of the seed is 1.62 g. The mass of 1000 grains are 41.8 g. 9.9 cm according to the mentioned indicators in Tarter BTS; 19.9 units; 50 units; It was determined to be 1.83 g: 40.9 g, which is 0.6-0.9 cm in regions, respectively, compared to continuous cultivation; 2.3-2.8 pieces; 4-3 units; An increase of 0.11-0.16 g and 3.1-3.4 g was obtained. The number of beans per plant in Absheron AEF is 45.6, the number of seeds is 106.3, the mass of seeds is 12.5 g, and the mass of 1000 seeds is 118.4 g. In Tarter RES, one plant has 52.5 beans, 128 grains, the mass of a grain is 13.9 g, and the mass of 1000 g of grain is 110.3 g. These indicators 4.0-4.3 units according to regions compared to continuous cultivation; 9.0-12.3 units; 1.2-1.3 g and 7.4-3.2 g indicate an increase. Thus, the crop rotation in 2 different agroecological conditions after the soybean predecessor had a significant effect on the spike and economic indicators of the winter wheat crop. The highest indicators of spike elements of the winter wheat Gobustan variety were obtained in the crop rotation variant. According to the results of the research, the highest grain yield in the regions was obtained in the mentioned option. Thus, in this variant, the grain yield of winter wheat per hectare was 40.4 cwt in Absheron AEF and 48.4 cwt in Tartar RES.
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Effect of high salt stress on germination and growth of some varieties of common beet
Статья научная
Information is provided on soil salinization as the most common abiotic stress that reduces the productivity and quality of agricultural plants. Salt stress is associated with lipid peroxidation in cell membranes, DNA damage, protein denaturation, carbohydrate oxidation, pigment breakdown and disruption of enzymatic activity, as well as metabolic adaptations, including primarily the accumulation of osmolytes. The growth of higher plants in saline soil depends on the salt tolerance of the plant species. Reduced plant growth due to salinity includes a reduction in plant leaf area. A pot experiment plant materials was carried out based on investigate the effect of salt stress on growth and state stomatal of three sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris ) cultivars, Cooper, Tarifa and Taltos which import from Denmark. Plants were harvested after 30, 45 and 60 days of salt treatment and were separated into leaf lamina, petioles, stem, and roots.
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Статья научная
The cultivation of perennial grasses in mountainous areas protects the slopes from erosion and provides animals with good food. According to the results of the studies, it was determined that the restoration of fertility and the ecological balance of erosional lands and the implementation of soil and agrotechnical measures is of great importance for increasing yields. Thanks to the application of these measures, as a result of the improvement of the water-physical properties of the affected lands, runoff of surface waters is prevented. Perennial grasses accumulate the nitrogen atmosphere of legumes, enrich the soil with organic substances, accelerate the formation of a water-resistant granular-fuel structure and improve its water-physical properties, which in turn contributes to the rapid assimilation of minerals.
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Effect of methyl violet to mulberry silkworm some breeds eggs
Статья научная
To liquidate the larvae, the methyl violet (C24H28N3Cl), used against fungal diseases in fish farming, was used. The goal is to establish physiological responses in different phases of development after treating local and introduced mulberry silkworm breeds of with aqueous solutions of methyl violet. Exogenous exposure to eggs led to the formation of a negative reaction. It has been established that treatment of silkworm eggs with water and a 0.001% solution of methyl violet (from October 20 to November 15, 2018) reduces the weight of the silk layer of cocoons with statistical accuracy by 33.0% (-78.5 mg) and 22.5% (-49 .0 mg) respectively (p
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Effect of precipitation on the process of erosion in Lankaran natural area
Статья научная
An intensive development of some agricultural areas and positive economic consequences were a reason for deterioration of the ecological state in the last 20-30 years. It should be noted that change of the ecological state, increase of the anthropogenic effect on the environment and global climate changes make necessary to protect the soils and from this point of view there is a great need to study the climatic factors in the formation of the erosion process. According to the comparative analysis it should be noted that an amount of the precipitation decreased 281,4 mm, but the average annual temperature increased 0,8-1,2°C in comparison with the average index of 1977. Though an amount of the rainfall decreases, the erosion process intensity and areal are rising in the region year after year. Its main reason is intensive shower precipitations in the autumn after dry summer, deforestation, the man’s incorrect farming activity. According to the conducted research in the pseudopodzole yellow soils it can be noted that the erosion process deteriorated physical characters of the soils. So, a bulk weight increased 0,12 g/cm3, special weight 0,15 g/cm3, but the porosity decreased 1,65% in the averagely eroded soils in comparison with the non-eroded soils. It is necessary to conduct zonal complex fight measures against erosion in order to achieve an intensive development of agriculture and to restore fertility, and in order to prevent from erosion process, to protect destruction of soil cover. It is necessary to pay attention to soil-climate condition, the factors that lead to the development of erosion, degree of soil erosion, farming direction while these measures are worked out and realized. All the measures against erosion protect the soil cover from leaching, destruction and it must be directed to improve fertility.
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Effect of temperature on some biological indicators of Cydia pomonella linnaeus, 1758
Статья научная
In 2022-2023 The influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of the codling moth butterfly was studied. Experiments have shown that the optimal temperature regime for mass reproduction of the codling moth in laboratory conditions is within 20-25°C. At low temperatures (15°C), butterflies live 34-35 days, and some individuals can live up to 45-50 days. This shows that these characteristics of butterflies allow them to remain viable in an unfavorable environment, although their reproduction is reduced. The experiments carried out make it possible to obtain the necessary temperature parameters for the development of fruit-eating apple trees.
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Effect of various preparations for plant rooting on olive cuttings
Статья научная
The effect of different rooting agents on the propagation of olive plant by means of cuttings was investigated in a comparative manner. Experimental research works were carried out in the greenhouse complex of the Absheron Experimental Station. Olive plant cuttings from different varieties were taken as the object of the study. Rooters (IST and naphthenic acids) were used to influence the rapid rooting of cuttings and the increase in the number of lateral roots. During the conducted experiments, different results were obtained in different variants. It was observed that indolyl acetic acid and naphthenic acid were more effective on olive cuttings in comparison with the control option. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that rooting of cuttings was accelerated as a result of the effect of rooters. Results were more successful in the indolyl acetic acid variant than in the other variants. So, under the influence of 100 cuttings IST, 96 cuttings in Agbaba variety, 87 in Jigirina variety, 93 in Pikvales variety, and 89 cuttings in Azerbaijani olive were observed. Under the influence of naphthenic acid, rooting occurred in 92 of 100 cuttings of Agbaba variety, 87 of Jigirina variety, 85 of Pikwales variety, and 91 of Azerbaijani olives. As a result, it was determined that for the rapid development of the olive plant, cuttings should be taken from healthy and well-nourished trees and indolyl acetic acid should be used as a rooting solution.
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Effect on soybean growth of sowing time and fertilizers
Статья научная
Soybean also increases soil fertility by absorbing atmospheric nitrogen through its roots. The purpose in conducting research is to increase the fertility of irrigated gray-brown (chestnut) soils in the Ganja-Kazakh region. It consists of determining the optimal sowing time, sowing scheme, and fertilizer norms that ensure water absorption for ensuring high quality. Field experiments were conducted in 2013-2015 on the basis of the central experimental base of the Azerbaijan Scientific-Research Cotton Institute on irrigated gray-brown (chestnut) soils. Field experiments were carried out in 3 single rows with soybean variety Umanskaya 1, sowing was carried out on April 1-5, April 10-15, and April 20-25. With a total area of 54.0 m2 (30×1.80 m) for each variant, 20, 30, and 60 kg of germinating seeds per hectare were sown in 3 sowing schemes of 45×5 cm, 45×10 cm, and 45×15 cm. Phenological observations were made on 25 plants, and agrotechnical measures were carried out in accordance with the rules adopted for the region. Thus, nutrient content, sowing time, and manure fertilizer norms have a significant effect on soybean height. When the optimal sowing period of soybeans was carried out on April 10-15, in all three sowing schemes, the plant height increased compared to early and late sowing (April 1-5 and 20-25) in all variants. The best results were obtained in the variant of manure 10 t/ha + N60P90K60, the reduced and increased norms of mineral fertilizers did not affect the soybean length much.
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Effectiveness of applying fertilizers under watermelon on the meadow-grey soils in Mugan-Salyan zone
Статья научная
The meadow-gray soils are one of the most widespread species in Azerbaijan territory, mainly in the Kur-Araz lowland, in Nakhchivan plain regions, in the Samur-Davachi valley. The meadow-gray soils irrigated in the Mugan-Salyan zone are most commonly used in the agricultural lands of the region. Agrochemical characterization of soils plays an important role in defining a number of its features, including fertility, degree of provision of certain nutrients, determination of soil condition reaction, timing, norms, methods and proportions of fertilizers under separate plantings. In this context, the soil under watermelons has been researched, and the agrochemical properties of meadow-gray soils have been studied. Apart from the nutritional properties of plants, it has a great impact on the efficient use of fertilizers in the soil. Soil is the main source of plant nutrients. Different soils contain different amounts of nutrients. The soil contains more nutrients than it needs to produce high yields. Fertilized soil with less moisture increases the yield of agricultural crops. This is explained by the fact that only some of the nutrients in the soil are used by plants. Many of them remain unused. The nutrients contained in the soil go into the form used by plants from time to time as a result of the biological and chemical processes involved. In this regard, it is necessary to determine the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements found in the soil and which plants can easily use to ensure proper nutrition. The main reason why plants do not meet their nutrients is the use of fertilizers. Given the biology of watermelon, soil-climatic conditions and agrotechnical methods in Azerbaijan, the optimal dose and timing of fertilizers can be enhanced and improved.
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Effects of NaCl salt stress on biometric parameters in Pisum varieties
Статья научная
Salinity is a major threat to modern agriculture causing inhibition and impairment of crop growth and development. Here, we not only review recent advances in salinity stress research in plants but also revisit some basic perennial questions that still remain unanswered. In this review, we analyze the physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of Na+ and Cl- uptake, sequestration, and transport associated with salinity. We discuss the role and importance of symplastic versus apoplastic pathways for ion uptake and critically evaluate the role of different types of membrane transporters in Na+ and Cl- uptake and intercellular and intracellular ion distribution. Our incomplete knowledge regarding possible mechanisms of salinity sensing by plants is evaluated. Furthermore, a critical evaluation of the mechanisms of ion toxicity leads us to believe that, in contrast to currently held ideas, toxicity only plays a minor role in the cytosol and may be more prevalent in the vacuole. Lastly, the multiple roles of K+ in plant salinity stress are discussed.
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Статья научная
This study investigated the effects of different planting systems and planting methods on the vegetative growth characteristics of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), with particular emphasis on main stem length and the number of lateral branches. Field experiments were conducted over three consecutive growing seasons under both open-field and plastic mulch cultivation, using row spacings of 70 and 90 cm combined with different planting densities. Throughout the growing season, the main stem length and the number of lateral branches were measured at regular intervals. In addition, a strong positive correlation was identified between main stem length and the number of lateral branches (r = 0.979). The results demonstrated that planting systems and planting density significantly influenced both vegetative growth parameters. The highest values were recorded under plastic mulch cultivation, where the main stem length exceeded that of open-field cultivation by 21.0–24.6 cm, while the number of lateral branches increased by 1.8–2.0 per plant. These superior growth characteristics were observed under the 70x30x1 (48,000 plants ha⁻¹) and 90x25x1 (44,000 plants ha⁻¹) planting schemes. The findings indicate that selecting an appropriate planting system and optimum planting density plays a crucial role in promoting vegetative growth and provides a scientific basis for achieving higher sweet potato productivity.
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Effects of phytopathogenic fungi on plants (review)
Статья обзорная
This article outlines explanatory data on the interactions between phytopathogenic fungi and plants, as well as infestation ways of pathogenic fungi on plants. A thorough analysis of the literature revealed that phytopathogenic fungi use a number of biochemical and mechanical methods to penetrate into the plant tissues, including the production of cell wall-degrading enzymes, also use toxins, effector proteins, and growth regulators. Cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) in pathogenesis are the main weapon of phytopathogenic fungi.
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Статья научная
Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy farming, in clinical and subclinical form it is diagnosed in more than 50% of cows. Currently, various drugs and methods are used to treat mastitis. The article presents data on the effectiveness of the use of the preparation Ceftonit and preparation on the basis of cefquinome sulfate in the treatment of various forms of clinical mastitis during lactation. For the treatment of mastitis, the cows used the preparation Ceftonit®, Nita-Farm Russia, containing in its composition 50 mg/ml of ceftiofur, which is used in comparison with imported drug containing in its composition 25 mg/ml cefquinome sulfate. As a result of researches, it is established that the drug Ceftonit in the treatment of clinical mastitis in cows is not found in the milk of BRT by the AIM test and shows 100% therapeutic efficacy with an average recovery time of animals 5.5 days. Disease recurrence in the form of subclinical mastitis in the treatment with the drug Ceftonit was from 25 to 33%, and in the treatment with the drug based on cefkinom sulfate the number of relapses was greater and amounted to 44.44%. The use of the drug Ceftonit® for the treatment of mastitis does not lead to the culling of milk due to the presence of antibiotics, in contrast to the drug based on cefkinom sulfate, which has a restriction on milk, as confirmed by our studies.
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Eimeriosis in Small Ruminants in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Статья научная
In the article under review, investigations conducted in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic focused on the species composition, biological characteristics, and morphological characteristics of Eimeria species parasitic in small-horned animals. As a result of the study, it was determined that seven different Eimeria species are parasitic in sheep and six in goats kept in the region. In order to monitor the dynamics of parasite development, observations were made on lambs and goats. The results showed that the excretion of coccidian oocysts in goats is observed on the 20-21 days after birth, and in lambs on the 22-23 days. Accordingly, during these periods, it was found that Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae predominated in sheep, and Eimeria arloingi predominated in lambs.
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Статья научная
Necrobacteriosis (Necrobacteriosis, Necrobacillosis) is an infectious disease characterized by purulent-necrotic lesions of tissues and organs. All types of domestic animals and most wild animals can be infected with necrobacteriosis. Bovine animals and small ruminants, pigs, horses, including humans, are susceptible to the disease. Young animals are more susceptible and more likely to develop a disease than adults. The nidus is diseased animals and bacterial carriers. The causative agent is anaerobic Fusobacterium necrophorum. The pathogen is localized in the skin and underlying tissues, limbs and udder, and in some cases on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. The causative agent of necrobacteriosis is also widespread in the environment (livestock premises, sports grounds, manure, soil, pastures, sources of dead water, etc.).
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Epizootological state of salmonella-infected honeybee colonies in the southern region of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
In 2020-2021, the number of apiaries and honeybee colonies in villages located in 3 regions of the Masalli district (lowland, foothill and mountainous territories) and the degree of their infection with salmonellae were determined. Salmonellosis is one of the characteristic diseases of honeybee colonies, widespread throughout the Masalli district. Infection of honeybee colonies with salmonellae led to a slowdown in the activity of colony, a decrease in productivity, and even the death of the honeybee colony. As a result of the conducted studies, the epizootological state and the degree of salmonella infection were detected in the lowland (24.1%), foothill (38.0%) and mountainous (45.8%) areas.
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