Сельскохозяйственные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Features of the Lonicera L. shoots growth under the Absheron conditions
Статья научная
The research analyzed the growth dynamics of annual shoots of some species of Lonicera L. in Absheron conditions. According to the seasonal dynamics of growth and development of species, Lonicera species are divided into 2 groups: straight and ivy species. The model species include deciduous, semi-evergreen and evergreen species, but these features of their life forms do not affect the growth process. Studies have shown that in the genus Lonicera L., regular growth was observed during the growing season, while in the straight species the growth was completed in July. The observed increase in hydrothermal stress had a positive effect on the growth and branching of the shoots, and an increase was observed. This growth parameter is dominated by ivy Lonicera L. ( L. caprifolium and L. etrusca ). Intensive growth was observed in Absheron in May-June and September.
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Feed crops of Nakhchivan arid mountain lands
Статья обзорная
Presents information on feed crops of arid mountain lands of Nakhchivan. It is established that the most widespread group of feed grasses of the studied area includes Artemisia L., Salsola L., Kochia Roth, Atriplex L., Symphytum L., Astragalus L. and others. The distribution area of feed crops of these genera and mixed associations formed by them were studied.
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Fruit trees pests and pest control
Статья научная
Currently, pests cause great harm to fruit trees. 22 pests damaging fruit trees were identified and their species composition was determined. Some of them, under favorable conditions, multiply abundantly and damage the fruits, trunks, roots, branches and leaves of trees. In gardens, depending on the number of species, biological characteristics, harmfulness and nature of damage, the following activities can be carried out: 1) agrotechnical; 2) physical and mechanical; 3) biological methods. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of predominantly biological methods in pest control. Chemical methods of pest control have lost their effectiveness in recent years. This is due to the fact that in the course of the fight against this or that pest, hundreds and thousands of beneficial insects also disappear in nature. Not only that, but the birds that feed on them, etc., the animals are also poisoned, and their numbers are decreasing.
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Статья научная
Cultivation of soil on the slopes of mountainous areas leads to a decrease in organic matter and nutrients in the soil and severe soil erosion. Grazing is one of the main reasons for the degradation of pastures and natural landscape, which increases the sensitivity of the soil to erosion. Soil erosion, in turn, pollutes water by increasing its turbidity and sometimes causes atrophy due to leakage of phosphorus and nitrogen. An average of 30.6 quintals of green mass or 7.8 quintals of dry grass per hectare was produced in the variant of grass seed sowing (without fertilizer), compared to the control variant, in the variant of grass seed sowing + N60P60K40 this indicator averaged 39.9 centners/ha of green mass. or more than 15.0%, resulting in the production of 10.0 quintals of dry or 14.7% more dry grass. Experimental field studies to improve pastures have shown that the fodder produced in each of the tested variants; green mass and dry grass supply and their nutritional value were higher than control.
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Статья научная
Determination of optimal fertilizer norms under tomato vegetation related to vegetable growing is a very important issue. For this purpose, the influence of various forms of nitrogen on the background of organic fertilizers on the background of the biometric data of the “Preliminary” tomato varieties, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of tomato bushes have been studied. Also, the biochemical indicators of tomatoes were studied. It has been shown that no fertilization of the fertilizers in the fertilizer (10 t/ha) + N90P90K90 was observed in the fertilizer, but the tomato fruit weight and diameter increased, and the nitrates contained in it did not exceed the norm.
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Investigation of irrigation erosion in pseudopodzol yellow soils of the Lankaran district
Статья научная
Inclination, length, form and exposition of the slopes affect the irrigation erosion process in the Lankaran district. The artificial rain in a different intensity was created in the tea plantations of the experiment farm of the tea and citrus plants in Lankaran branch in order to study a reason of the surface washing creation in irrigation erosion of the tea plantations more accurately. It was known that a tea plantation in which the rows were built along the slope in 1975, the liquid flow was 125.0 m3/ha, while the rain intensity was 1.0 mm/min., the liquid dissolved dissolved substances flow was 240.0 m3/ha, 2.90 t/ha in the tea plantations built in 1990, while an amount of the leached soil was 0.80 t/ha. Firstly, conduction of the surface smoothing work is recommended in order to prevent from irrigation erosion in irrigated areas with a slope more than 0.02°. Generally, the surface smoothing work is fundamental and current, and it is divided into two places. The current smoothing work begins from preparation of soil for sowing every year and this measure doesn’t require more funds. The fundamental smoothing work is performed for fundamental smoothing of the irrigated sowing areas. At this time an inclination of the areas shouldn’t be more than 0.01. It is recommended to conduct the fundamental smoothing work, then current smoothing work in the areas where the inclination is more than 0.01. Fight against irrigation erosion, definition of the water and irrigation norm, water consumption and realization in the irrigated areas are main problems. The irrigation norm should be determined before for each plant watering. Beside the aforesaid, the technical means (pipes that are made from different materials), including different brands (Fregat, Kuban, KSID-50, Volzhanka, DDA-100 M and so on) rainmaker aggregates, various progressive irrigation methods (artificial precipitation, subsoil irrigation, drip watering, aerosol irrigation, etc.) should be used.
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Статья научная
The influence of growth factors on the development of callus and roots in the biennial cuttings of the olive plants were investigated in a comparative manner. The experiments were conducted in the greenhouse of the Absheron Experimental Station. One-year and two-year cuttings of the olive plant were taken as the object of the study. Growth agents (indolyl acetic acid and Na+-salt of naphthenic acid) were used to influence the rapid rooting of shoots. During the conducted experiments, different results were obtained in different options. In comparison with the control variant, the positive effect of indolyl acetic acid and Na+-salt of naphthenic acid on olive cuttings were observed. According to the conducted studies, it was found that the rooting of the cuttings was accelerated as a result of the effect of growth substances. The number of rooting and callus was higher in two-year cuttings than in one-year cuttings. Thus, 49 out of 60 (81%) two-year cuttings were rooted by using of indolyl acetic acid, and 50 were rooted (83%) when callus was exposed to the Na+-salt of naphthenic acid, in 9 were observed having callus, only in 1 wasn’t observed development. The Na+-salt of Naphthenic acid had a better effect on rooting and the number of calluses among growth substances. As a result, it was determined that for the rapid development of the olive plant, cuttings should be taken from healthy and well-nourished trees and Naphthenic acid Na+-salt should be kept for a specified time (12 hours) and concentration (0.005%).
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Irrigated and virgin soil comparative characteristic in the Mugan-Salyan massif
Статья научная
The article deals with the comparative analysis of irrigated and virgin soils in the Mugan-Salyan Massif. A main purpose of the work is to study the effect of intensive irrigation on the soil and the morphogenetic changes in the soil profile. Experimental researches are performed in the field, cameral and laboratorial conditions. Irrigated soils are distinguished from virgin soils by the following morphological features: biological processing, fertility, homogeneity of mechanical composition, formation of modern cultivated layer due to agroirrigation sediments characterized by gray color; heavier mechanical composition; absence of sharply expressed illuvial carbonate content, significantly lower carbonate profile, hardened subsoil formation.
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Статья научная
The article talks about the characteristics of main parasites of crops, their characteristics. Efforts to control these plant parasites involve integrated pest management strategies, including sustainable crop varieties, cultural practices, biological control, and judicious use of chemical interventions. Continued monitoring and research is critical to developing sustainable solutions to reduce the impact of these pests on global agriculture.
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Статья научная
The Malus is a deciduous tree of the Rosaceae family, which is actively used in horticulture. In order to maintain healthy, productive trees and fruits, it is necessary to know what pests and control measures exist. The paper presents a review of modern literature on the means and methods of combating diseases and pests of the apple tree. In conclusion, practical conclusions are given about the most effective methods of struggle.
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Modern comparative characteristic of mountain meadow soils in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The northeastern slope of the Lesser Caucasus occupies a large territory in the western part of Azerbaijan. One of the most widespread soils in Azerbaijan is mountain meadow soils. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive and comparative study of morphodiagnostic parameters, physicochemical properties and biochemical activity of natural and anthropogenically modified biogeocenosis of mountain meadow soils of the Gadabay District. Some results of many years study are described in the article. Villages like Gara Murad, Kichik, Garamurad, Saratovka and others were researched. The research was carried out on virgin soils and cultivated lands in villages. A total of 15 land plots have been allocated, some of the research results are presented in the article. Carrying out numerous agro-reclamation activities, we managed to attract uncultivated land to agriculture and obtain high-quality products. The groundwater level in these areas exceeds 2 meters, and the salinization processes are active. Comparative results from all these agro-chemical studies helped to get virgin soils into agriculture in the plains and achieve high productivity. This can be invaluable literary material for a new generation of soil scientists.
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Статья научная
The aim of this study was to evaluate morphologic features, diagnostic qualifiers and enhance classification of alluvial-meadow soils in the floodplain of the Kur River within Azerbaijan. For this purpose, several soil pits were placed in the representative test areas and multiple soil samples collected within field campaigns (2014-2015). Based on the field and laboratory test data, the detailed soil maps of the test areas were compiled, and diversity of alluvial-meadow soils was classified as suborders (subtypes): alluvial-meadow primitive; alluvial-meadow layered (flaggy); alluvial-meadow dark and alluvial-meadow irrigated. It was found out that in the floodplains, local soil variability was predominantly attributed to not only alluvial sediments, but also water table, mineralization rate and salt content of underground water as well flood water play an important role. The mineralization of ground water is weak (1.40-3.70 g/l) and the concentration of hydro-carbonates (HCO3-) varies from 0.56 to 0.92 g/l. No salinization indication found in the profile of alluvial-meadow primitive and alluvial-meadow layered soils, while weak concentration (solid content = 0.40-0.54%) was found at a depth of 80-150 cm in the alluvial-meadow dark soil. Unlike other subtypes, alluvial-meadow dark soil is characterized with the higher biomass (green weight of top = 41.5 cwt/ha and green weight of underground = 142.3 cwt/ha), high mobility of humus substances with predominance of the 1st fraction of humin (20.0-28.1%) and fulvic acids (14.6-22.3%). The ratio of Cha : Cfa reaches 1.18-1.32. For the alluvial-meadow irrigated soil, the second fraction of humin acid (9.3-10.2%) and total content of humin acid ranges from 45.6 to 50.3%. The ratio of Cha : Cfa is larger (1.37-1.50). Depending on the lithology of alluvial sediments, the content of SiO2 and R2O3 varies in the ranges of 53.0-57.2% and 9,6-26,0%, respectively. For the alluvial-meadow dark soil, decomposition of alum silicates in alkaline hydrolysis is typical (8.7-9.0). The content of SiO2 and R2O3 varies between 47.8 and 50.6 %, and 19.7 and 21.6%, respectively. In the topsoil, of the irrigated soils in associated to washing out the content of Ca and CaO content (12.2-13.1%) increases in deeper horizons.
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Статья научная
It is established that in pig farms of various forms of ownership the number of animals with violation of reproductive function makes from 11.7 to 39.7%. As a result of the clinical examination of the basic herd of pigs revealed that obstetric pathology occurs on average 40.1 percent of broodstock, with 26.7% of the sows in the period of pregnancy registered gestosis with a classical triad: hyperhydration, hypertension and proteinuria. Depending on the symptoms, there were 4 forms of pregnancy complications with gestosis with symptoms of anemia (38.4±1.89%), hepatopathy (27.8±1.2%), nephropathy (34.5±1.7%) and paraplegia (9.3±0.7% of pregnant sows). Diseases of pregnant sows were clinically manifested by events of oppression - loss of appetite, pallor of visible mucous membranes, soreness of palpable area of the liver, proteinuria, hypertension, disorders of the Central nervous system, calving mobility problems, yellowness of the eyeball. Morphometric studies of the placenta in the gestosis of pregnant sows evidence that the length of the umbilical cord, the mass of the maternal part of the placenta, the thickness and volume of the child part of the placenta is reduced to a statistically reliable magnitude, compared with similar indicators in clinically healthy pregnant sows. Noted a significant fluctuation of fetus-placental ratio with an inverse of value. There was a significant fluctuation of the fetal-placental coefficient with the opposite value, in piglets born from clinically healthy mothers. The functional status of newborns depends on the forming processes of the maternal and child placenta, as well as the morphological and physiological properties of the development of fruits, which is confirmed by an authentic decrease in the body weight of newborns by 30.0-40.0% and weakly expressed motor-food reflexes.
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Morphophysiological parameters of hard and soft wheat genotypes depending on different water supply
Статья научная
To determine drought tolerance of 10 wheat varieties (3 durum and 7 bread) differing in architectonics, the research was performed under normal and drought conditions. The reduction in the plant height due to cultivation conditions rather than genetic properties of the genotypes occurred because of the decreasing length of upper internodes by 0.47-9.51%. Structural components of the product were determined. The greatest reduction in above-ground dry biomass per unit of the field was detected in Barakatli 95 and Garagylchyg 2 genotypes. The amounts of pigments were determined to evaluate the level of the photosynthetic apparatus development, its physiological state, formation and accumulation potential of the product. The content of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids was determined during the grain forming, milk ripening, and wax ripening phases. Green plastids were broken down and chlorophyll content decreased under drought. Chlorophyll a content decreased more sharply compared with chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a content decreased more sharply in all phases in the durum variety Barakatli 95 (during the phases, respectively, 19.7; 16.6 and 35.6%) and bread variety Gyrmyzy gul 1 (21.9; 15.3; 39.5%). Chlorophyll b amount decreased less in the durum variety Tartar (11.0; 7.30; 14.2%) and bread variety 4th FEFWSN-50 (4.83; 10.8; 9.20%). Amounts of the photosynthetic pigments were determined in various regions (Gobustan and Jalilabad Regional Experimental Stations). Chlorophyll a content decreased more in the Gyrmyzy gul 1 and Garagylchyg 2 varieties (in Gobustan: 2.302 and 2.979 mg/g fresh weight) in Jalilabad: 2.096 and 2.737 mg/g fresh weight) under rainfed conditions. Drought had a relatively less impact on chlorophyll a content in the Azamatli 95 and Gobustan varieties. Chlorophyll b content ranged from 0.033 to 2.398 mg/g fresh weight in Gobustan and from 0.057 to 2.175 mg/g fresh weight in Jalilabad, whereas the content of did not decrease.
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Natural fiber - polysaccharide food supplement of antitoxic action
Статья научная
The toxicological assessment of meat raw materials on the consumer market in Imereti region was conducted in Georgia. In 45% of the samples, the content of the lead has been estimated at 2.5-3 times more than 0.1 mg/kg. In modern ecological conditions, the natural fibrous polysaccharide composition of antioxidant action has been worked out to increase the toxicological safety of food raw materials in the modern ecological conditions - the ratio of active wheat bran, high molecular pectin and low molecular pectin 15:3:2. The lead sorption ability has been studied by the composition. The technological properties of the supplement are studied. Based on the obtained results, techniques for functional purpose meat products have been developed for children and diabetes patients using these additives.
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New method of using mobile robots for implementing warehouse operations
Статья научная
The new patented method of movements of packaged cargoes at the warehouse is proposed in this article. The proposed method of loading is superior in economic efficiency, reliability, cheapness, simplicity of construction and use, to all other methods of loading implemented by robots. The method allows the mobile robot to load a cargo which is three times as heavy as this mobile robot, wherein almost no electrical energy is consumed during loading. In implementing the method, two mobile robots are used, each of which contains a mobile platform, an omnidirectional mobile wheel-type mechanism and a transport suspension with independent suspension for each wheel. Actually, mobile robots help each other to load cargo on the first mobile robot, through robot cooperation. Loading of the container with the load on the first mobile robot is carried out by actuating a two-arm lever, which is carried out through the impact of the bottom of the mobile platform of the second mobile robot on the longer arm of the two-arm lever by lowering the mobile platform of the second mobile robot due to the operation of the transport suspension of the mobile platform of the second mobile robot. For example, if the length of the longer arm of the two-arm lever is three times longer than the shorter arm of the two-arm lever then the second mobile robot of weight 50 kg is capable of loading a container with a load of weight 150 kg on the first mobile robot.
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Organic agriculture in Turkey and the world
Статья научная
Organic agriculture is an alternative production system that supports soil structure, fertility and conservation by protecting the ecological balance, using biological control methods against diseases and pests; based on the sustainability of living life, aiming for the highest yield with the maximum use of natural energy resources. In this context, it covers a different production process from conventional agriculture. While intensive input applications in conventional agriculture aim for the highest yield, organic agriculture prioritizes sustainability. Sustainable agriculture is defined as an agricultural practice that protects soil, water and biodiversity while meeting food, energy and natural resource needs. To ensure that organic agriculture contributes to sustainability goals, organic regulations need to focus more on environmental and best practices. Increasing demands day by day have positively affected the sustainability of organic agriculture. The common feature of most of the definitions of organic agriculture is that the products should be produced in accordance with the basic standards and that every stage from the land to the table is regularly controlled. The fact that every stage of organic agriculture is audited and documented, and that the practices operate in accordance with legal procedures are other noteworthy elements. These legal procedures provide protection at many points. Organic agriculture is not only limited to safe food production to protect human health; it is also an agricultural and ecosystem management that is environmentally friendly, effective in reducing ecological pollution, protection of water resources, prevention of erosion, protection of biodiversity, agricultural sustainability and agricultural development.
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Perspective of rural tourism development in Uzbekistan
Статья научная
The article is devoted to actual problems of effective development of rural tourism in Uzbekistan. Currently, there are 10,865 villages in Uzbekistan. Each of these villages has a unique tourist destination. The government attaches great importance to creating new jobs in rural areas and improving the living standards of the population. Rural tourism is one of the directions of the economy that can be used in this direction. When organizing rural tourism, the following points should be taken into account: first, that each village is a set of unique cultural, material and natural resources. Secondly, these are cultural landscapes, rural life and other resources. In conclusion, it is concluded that it is necessary to liberalize rural production; guide to ensure spiritual, physical recreation in the city; guide for rural culture, traditions and protection of the rural environment.
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Phyllocnistis citrella stainton, 1856 control methods in the Lankaran-Astara region
Статья научная
Research has been carried out on the biology and ecology of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton. This is one of the main pests of lemon and tangerine gardens in Azerbaijan. To combat this pest, various agricultural methods and chemicals were used. The most effective combinations have been identified. A detailed description is given in the work. Guidelines for pest risk assessment have been developed, emphasizing measures to protect citrus orchards from heavy infestation by Phyllocnistis citrella.
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Pisum sustainability system to Na2SO4
Статья научная
Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization. Plant adaptation or sustainability to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. A comprehensive understanding on how plants respond to salinity stress at different levels and an integrated approach of combining molecular tools with physiological and biochemical techniques are imperative for the development of salt-stable varieties of plants in salt-affected areas. Recent research has identified various adaptive responses to salinity stress at molecular, cellular, metabolic, and physiological levels, although mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance are far from being completely understood. This paper provides a comprehensive review of major research advances on biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms regulating plant adaptation and sustainability to salinity stress.
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