Медицинские науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
GINA-2024: ключевые изменения и подходы к таргетной терапии
Статья научная
Представлен краткий обзор изменений и дополнений, внесенных в пересмотр GINA (Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention) от 2024 г. Приведены алгоритмы диагностики и терапии БА у детей в новой версии GINA в сопоставлении с данными кыргызского клинического протокола по БА, изданного в 2023 г. На основе рекомендаций GINA в Кыргызстане будут реализованы ряд организационных, научных и клинико-диагностических мероприятий. К примеру, на базе отделения аллергологии и клинической иммунологии Национального центра охраны материнства и детства при Министерстве здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики будет создана научно-исследовательская лаборатория по аллергологии, в том числе кабинет генно-инженерной биологической терапии.
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Galt enzyme deficiency identification in newborns in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
For the first time in Baku, Azerbaijan Republic in maternity houses by means of immunoenzyme analysis the genetic screening for galactosemia inherited metabolism disorder was carried out, and 3 newborns with GALT gene deficiency for were identified.
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Healthcare professionals in Kyrgyz Republic
Краткое сообщение
The profession of healthcare involves a lot of specialization, aspects of exploration, a lot of effort hard work and determination. Healthcare becomes the most valuable profession al globally because it deals with the life and concerns of the livelihood, hence the hype is worth and has proved that a quality life with the healthy body requires a strong healthcare system that has the potential and a zeal to provide, reform and be active on social, economic, regional and global levels. It becomes a very crucial task to provide health Care to all in need with a proper communication with the health system norms rules and does keep a statistical data for research and to tackle the future needs, pandemics, endemics and creation of better preventions, treatments and management for patients from different regions, ages and of signified distress or commodities. Kyrgyzstan also has a healthcare system which is called as Kyrgyzstan Soviet system of free universal healthcare which provides a reasonable number of doctors assistance nurses with medical clinics hospitals to provide care and treatment to respective illness and maintain regional health in the regional population. As per the research is formed that is the compulsory social and medical insurance (CSSM) program which was established on January 2020 that lets an individual pay for certain medical expenses and regulate Health Care in the better quality has turned to be an interesting and a much better way for improvement of social economic status of the country and a step towards a better community Health. As per the capita gross, national income of Kyrgyzstan was 1,170 dollars in 2015 and human development in desk has classified it to a medium human development country shows lower-middle-income economy. So far, human immunodeficiency virus HIV virus had very low percentage of prevalence that is 830 cases were officially reported on 2006 of February but that but the real number was estimated to be 10 times more. One of the reasons for spread has been the prison population and narcotic trafficking, whereas cardiovascular and respiratory conditions stand first for the reason of morbidity in the society. However, the rate of maternal mortality was more than 15% in 2008, that signifies that gets done is under the ‘very bad’ category of right to reproductive health as the nation is fulfilling only 55% of expected. Therefore, adding up to the issues related to family and community illness and creating a challenge for the healthcare system.
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Hirudotherapy as a method of treatment of arterial hypertension
Статья научная
The article under discussion deals with the treatment of arterial hypertension with the help of hirudotherapy. The author of the article believes that treatment with hirudotherapy (leeches) is widely used for arterial hypertension. It is noticed that carrying out of hirudotherapy changes reactivity of an organism, as a result sensitivity to carried out hypotensive medicament therapy increases. Components of a leech secretion, anti-ischemic influence and unloading of a blood flow allow to reduce a dosage of the applied drug. Treatment of hypertension by leeches practically always improves the well-being and objective condition of the patient, though results of therapy largely depend on the reason of hypertension, duration and intensity of the course, a correct choice of attachment points.
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Статья научная
The paper deals with the issue linked with thyroid malfunctions, in particular, the incidence of hypothyroidism. Iodine deficiency statistics is presented; the study proposes the possible ways of solving the issue. The author draws special attention to a specialized hypothyroidism diet plan which may help patients to treat metabolic disorders.
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Indicators of the dynamics of perinatal hypoxia in newborns
Статья научная
A comprehensive study of clinical and neurological changes in newborns in the relationship between the nature and duration of perinatal hypoxia (PH) was carried out. To assess the state of clinical and neurological changes, 52 newborns who underwent perinatal hypoxia were examined. The anamnesis of mothers who underwent combined perinatal hypoxia was significantly worse than in the group of children with acute asphyxia. Anemia, acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI), preeclampsia, fetoplacental insufficiency (FPI), the duration of the anhydrous interval, pathological childbirth served as predisposing factors contributing to the development of perinatal hypoxia. For an objective quantitative assessment of the dynamics of the neurological status of newborns, the “Scoring of the severity of perinatal encephalopathy”, developed at the Research Institute of Pediatrics of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences by A.A. Stepanov (1998), was used. It is based on an integrated assessment of motor activity, innate reflexes and behavioral reactions of newborns, taking into account the quantitative characteristics of each newborn. The data obtained indicate that the duration of hypoxia, the state of health, the course of pregnancy and childbirth in the mother determine the severity of perinatal brain damage and affect the severity of clinical and neurological patterns. Combined perinatal hypoxia leads to deeper brain disorders and contributes to the formation of two or more syndromes in one child.
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Статья научная
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common and serious diseases of the abdominal organs. Among the diseases that form an acute surgical pathology of the abdominal organs, AP takes 3rd place, and there are from 8% to 14.5% of cases. Ultrasound is the most important diagnostic method for AP, which opens up wide possibilities, but the information content in the study of arterial and venous blood flow in the liver in AP is not yet fully understood. The aim of the study was to study the key changes in hemodynamic parameters of arterial and venous blood flow in patients with acute pancreatitis. The study group included 23 patients with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis who were hospitalized at the Republican Clinical Hospital no. 4 and the Republican Clinical Hospital no. 3 of the city district of Saransk from October 2016 to April 2017. Ultrasound examination the pancreas against the background of acute pancreatitis showed that in the edematous form of acute pancreatitis, the size of the test organ was increased on the 1st day of the study...
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Key etiopathogenetic features of formation of uterine myoma
Статья научная
The steady growth of proliferative diseases from year to year is becoming more and more medical and social importance, which is associated with their clinical manifestations and recurrent course, adversely affect the quality of life and the ability to work of women. Uterine fibroids are the most common benign neoplasm in women of reproductive age. This article discusses the key issues of the etiopathogenesis of uterine fibroids. Uterine fibroids are a monoclonal hormone-sensitive neoplasm and are the most common tumour of the reproductive organs of women. The pathogenesis and developmental mechanisms of uterine fibroids today are complex and not fully understood. Perhaps the underlying theory is the ‘clonal expansion of uterine fibroids’, it is the clonal expansion that initiates the processes of neoangiogenesis, activated by tumor growth. Although to this day there remain many controversial and unresolved issues.
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Статья обзорная
In this literature review, the main etiological factors of intestinal obstruction, key aspects of a number of mechanisms of development of intestinal obstruction are considered. The problems of modern diagnostics of acute intestinal obstruction of various genesis are considered, including the erased picture of the disease on the basis of which the optimal therapeutic diagnostic algorithms were formed. Argumentation of methods of treatment proceeding from pathogenetic features of the given pathology is resulted.
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Modern aspects of etiology, mechanisms, pathogenesis and diagnostics of ovarian formations
Статья обзорная
This review focuses on ovarian lesions. Ovarian tumors occupy the 3rd place among all tumors of the female genital organs, and 7th in the overall structure of malignant tumors, so the problem of timely diagnosis and treatment of ovarian lesions remains relevant. The share of benign ovarian tumors accounts for 70-80%. Among benign ovarian lesions, epithelial lesions are most common - tatami up to 16% and cystadenoma up to 22.8%. Histogenesis of ovarian formations is not fully understood, which explains the contradictions in the origin of a particular tumor. For the first time, features of the mechanisms of neoplasm formation have been described by A. Knudson et al., his team was one of the first to develop and publish the theory of ‘double strike’, interpreting the mechanisms for implementing sporadic and hereditary forms of neoplasms. Ovarian cancer - both on the part of the etiology and the clinical picture of a heterogeneous genetically determined pathology. The basis of the emergence of this group of tumors is the mutation of the genetic apparatus of the cell...
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Modern diagnostic opportunities for detecting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Статья обзорная
This article is devoted to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFTLD), more precisely to the modern possibilities of diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Today, the world practice of studying diseases is characterized by a multifactor approach, in particular, it concerns pathologies, the basis of which is a cascade of metabolic disorders. At present, NAFTLD is considered an integral part of the “metabolic syndrome”. The frequency of occurrence varies from 14 to 26%, in addition, 10% of patients show signs of steatohepatitis non-alcoholic aetiology. Clinical manifestations of NAFTLD do not differ in specificity and diversity. This pathology is quite long able to proceed asymptomatically, and pathological changes in the liver are detected quite randomly, and as clinical practice shows, such patients turn to medical organizations for completely different reasons. The authors consider in detail aspects of the clinical and anamnestic characteristics of this nosology and provide an overview of the diagnostic complex used to identify NAFTLD and possible diagnostic markers.
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Molecular heterogeneity of classical and Duarte galactosemia
Статья научная
For the first time we have conducted molecular-genetic analysis of GALT gene of galactosemia inherited disease in the newborn blood which found at the result of screening conducted maternity houses of Baku city of Azerbaijan Republic. For Azerbaijan people for the first-time identification of substitution of adenine nucleotide with guanine nucleotide in GALT gene position 563 was conducted. It leaded to substitution of glycineamino acid with arginine amino acid in position 188 of mutation protein. Galactosemia is an alteration that alters the way the body processes galactose. It may be due to a deficiency of any of the three enzymes of the galactose catabolic pathway; galactose-1- phosphate urydiltransferase (Gal-1-PUT), galactokinase or urydil diphosphate (UDP)- galactose-4-epimerase. Individuals having galactosemia are intolerant to lactose and galactose in milk. In the lack of proper diagnosis and treatment, this disorder can lead to enlarged liver, cirrhosis, renal failure, cataracts, brain damage and even death. Long term complications can be prevented with early diagnosis following birth and by eliminating lactose and galactose containing nutrients from daily diet.
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Noceceptive system: features of physiological bases of functioning
Статья обзорная
This article is devoted to the features of the physiological functioning of the nociceptive system. Nociception is a neurophysiological term that describes the totality of the perception, conduct, and processing of signals about processes or effects. Accordingly, the system itself, which implements the translation of such signals, is called nociceptive. The concept of pain reflects a kind of subjective experience accompanying nociception. In addition, there are reactions to nociceptive irritation in the depressed mind. This article reflects the hypotheses that form the concept of a nociceptive system and the physiological mechanisms of perception, analysis and response to nociceptive information. Over the past decade, there has been tremendous progress in the study of the molecular features of phenomena and processes. Multicomponent reactions initiated by the reception of pain, develop according to certain algorithms, referring to the parameters of nociceptive signals, where the study of molecular markers is particularly promising. In the body there is also a specialized response to nociceptive information, which is called the antinociceptive system. The results of many years of research have revealed correlation parallels and significantly significant differences in the neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms of pain in a given pathological condition.
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Статья обзорная
This literature review focuses on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFTLD). Today, the world practice of researching diseases is characterized by a multifactor approach, in particular, it concerns pathologies, which are based on a cascade of metabolic disorders, where insulin resistance is one of the key places. Today, NAFTLD is considered an integral part of the metabolic syndrome. The frequency of occurrence of NAFTLD varies from 14 to 26%, in addition, 10% of patients show signs of steatohepatitis non-alcoholic etiology. The pathogenesis of steatosis and metabolic steatohepatitis is poorly studied and there are very contradictory data in the literature, which served as the basis for the creation of this review. The authors consider in detail the historical aspect of the formation of the NAFTLD as an independent nosological unit. A number of etiological aspects of the formation of NAFTLD, but to a large extent, the review is devoted to the mechanisms and pathogenesis of the formation of NAFTLD...
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Статья научная
Pleural effusion (PE) is an abnormal accumulation of fluid between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura. PE is a symptom of more than 80 different diseases, thus affecting doctors of various specialties. Chemical pleurodesis is an artificial induction of an aseptic inflammatory process by introducing various chemical agents into the pleural cavity in order to obliterate the pleural cavity. Despite the fact that the history of pleurodesis is more than a century old, there is still a search for the most effective, safe and affordable sclerosant. Develop our own technique of chemical pleurodesis. Evaluation the efficacy and safety of using iodpovidone as a pleurosclerosant. The study was conducted on the basis of the clinic named after I. K. Akhunbaev National Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic in the department of thoracic surgery. The study included 51 patients with PE of various etiologies, who were treated in the department from September 2019 to February 2023. PE in all cases had a refractory course. All patients underwent drainage of the pleural cavity, after complete expansion of the lung, a chemical pleurodesis procedure was performed with a 10% solution of iodpovidone. After this manipulation, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the technique. An effective technique is possibility to reduce the volume of pleural fluid and, as a result, remove drainage from the pleural cavity. In 45 cases out of 51, the technique was effective, which amounted to 88.2%. It is important that the procedure was accompanied by minimal side effects in the form of pain and temperature reaction. Chemical pleurodesis with iodopovidone is an effective, safe and affordable method in the treatment of patients with refractory PE.
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Patterns of behaviour in men caused by sexual dysfunctions
Статья научная
On the basis of special scientific researches and clinical observations the following patterns of behaviour outside intimacy in men with sexual dysfunctions were distinguished and described: 1) avoidance; 2) directed on preservation of the former matrimonial status (the compensatory variant, the manipulative variant); 3) directed on creation of the image of a man with a strong sexual potency; 4) sublimation and behavioural changes, which are phenomenologically close to it; 5) directed on elimination of the sexual disorder; 6) asthenical; 7) subdepressed-depressed; 8) spreading of fear into the situations, which are not connected with intimacy; 9) loss of initiative in establishing of attitudes to women, specific restrictions at a choice of a sexual female partner; 10) behavioural transformations caused by dynamic shifts of character's traits; 11) hyposexual; 12) hypersexual.
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Postoperative symptomatic improvement of pectus excavatum patient following Nuss procedure
Статья научная
Pectus excavatum is a funnelling of posterior chest wall. Wide depression area is seen at mid sternum, particularly from 3rd to 7thcostal cartilage. Genetic predisposition is not scientifically proved but defective embryogenesis is surely involved. Congenital pectus excavatum is a very common defect, but a congenital chest defect is very rare. Until the symptoms are not present, there is no need of its treatment. If the pectus excavatum has cardio-respiratory problem then it needs firstly, conservative treatment like supportive therapy (chest brace) and then, if supportive therapy fails, we should go for the surgical intervention.
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Problem tuboperitoneal infertility in women of reproductive age
Статья обзорная
Family health is an indicator reflecting the health status of the population. According to world statistics around the world about 15% of couples suffer from infertility. The proportion of infertile couples in the Russian Federation varies from 8 to 21%, while more than 55% of cases of infertility are due to impaired reproductive function. Inflammation of the fallopian tubes is one of the main causes of infertility. According to many authors in the Russian Federation, in groups of women up to 38 years old, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs occur from 20% to 50%. As a result of the development of damage to the fallopian tubes, the risk of developing tuboperitoneal infertility is high. According to statistics, every fifth woman has chronic inflammations, while 75% of them have adhesions in the small pelvis, in which the fallopian tubes are affected, not even having surgical treatment. All the above facts make the problems of tuboperitoneal infertility extremely low. This article presents the results of a clinical-factor analysis of tuboperitoneal infertility in women of reproductive age. Considered in detail the main factors that ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the treatment in accordance with the algorithms of therapeutic and diagnostic tactics.
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Some intense and standardized stomach cancer disease indicators in the Kyrgyz Republic
Статья научная
The article addresses issues oncological diseases in Kyrgyzstan. Incidence of gastric cancer in the Kyrgyz Republic is examined and the risks are analyzed. Statistics are given for regions and groups of residents. It is noted that, despite preventive measures, the number of diseases is growing. It is noted that in the Kyrgyz Republic the incidence among men is 2 times higher than among women. Stomach cancer morbidity rate increases with aging. The sickness peak is noted in age groups of 65-69. Supposedly, it is tied up to the etiological factors of risk.
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Study of blood analysis of first-year Indian students upon arrival in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek)
Статья научная
Our study focuses on the analysis of red blood cells and leukocyte formula indicators in foreign students from India upon their arrival in Kyrgyzstan. Based on the leukocyte formula results, during the short-term adaptation phase, no tendencies of overexertion or disruptions in the adaptation mechanism were observed among both male and female Indian students. Furthermore, there was no observed decline in health levels or the onset of acute and chronic diseases during this period. The resilience of the body to stress reactions under different socio-climatic conditions showed that the general blood analysis parameters for these students remained within the bounds of stable homeostasis, determined by their individual potential.
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