Медицинские науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Problem tuboperitoneal infertility in women of reproductive age
Статья обзорная
Family health is an indicator reflecting the health status of the population. According to world statistics around the world about 15% of couples suffer from infertility. The proportion of infertile couples in the Russian Federation varies from 8 to 21%, while more than 55% of cases of infertility are due to impaired reproductive function. Inflammation of the fallopian tubes is one of the main causes of infertility. According to many authors in the Russian Federation, in groups of women up to 38 years old, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs occur from 20% to 50%. As a result of the development of damage to the fallopian tubes, the risk of developing tuboperitoneal infertility is high. According to statistics, every fifth woman has chronic inflammations, while 75% of them have adhesions in the small pelvis, in which the fallopian tubes are affected, not even having surgical treatment. All the above facts make the problems of tuboperitoneal infertility extremely low. This article presents the results of a clinical-factor analysis of tuboperitoneal infertility in women of reproductive age. Considered in detail the main factors that ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the treatment in accordance with the algorithms of therapeutic and diagnostic tactics.
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Some intense and standardized stomach cancer disease indicators in the Kyrgyz Republic
Статья научная
The article addresses issues oncological diseases in Kyrgyzstan. Incidence of gastric cancer in the Kyrgyz Republic is examined and the risks are analyzed. Statistics are given for regions and groups of residents. It is noted that, despite preventive measures, the number of diseases is growing. It is noted that in the Kyrgyz Republic the incidence among men is 2 times higher than among women. Stomach cancer morbidity rate increases with aging. The sickness peak is noted in age groups of 65-69. Supposedly, it is tied up to the etiological factors of risk.
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Study of blood analysis of first-year Indian students upon arrival in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek)
Статья научная
Our study focuses on the analysis of red blood cells and leukocyte formula indicators in foreign students from India upon their arrival in Kyrgyzstan. Based on the leukocyte formula results, during the short-term adaptation phase, no tendencies of overexertion or disruptions in the adaptation mechanism were observed among both male and female Indian students. Furthermore, there was no observed decline in health levels or the onset of acute and chronic diseases during this period. The resilience of the body to stress reactions under different socio-climatic conditions showed that the general blood analysis parameters for these students remained within the bounds of stable homeostasis, determined by their individual potential.
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Hydronephrosis refers to diseases of the urinary system, which are characterized by high prevalence. Moreover, this pathology of all obstructive uropathies, leading to a decrease in the function of the renal parenchyma, accounts for up to 15% of cases. Therefore, the search for various markers involved in the development and progression of kidney damage is particularly relevant, since in the literature there are very contradictory data. Our article presents the results of a survey of 40 patients with established and confirmed diagnosis of stage I hydronephrosis (according to the classification of N. A. Lopatkin), and 20 completely healthy people (control group). All patients initially and at the end of the study determined the levels of cytokines: IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-1ra and G-CSF. We found that patients with hydronephrosis had higher rates of pro-inflammatory components of the IL-1β system: IL-1β - 104.42 (75% CI [111.8-151.4]) pg/ml, which was significantly higher than in the control group 3.7 times...
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Sweeteners in diabetes mellitus diet
Статья научная
According to the statistics submitted by the World Health Organization, sugar consumption has been constantly increasing worldwide. Craving for sugary foods is a fairly common form of addiction. Poor nutrition, caused by external and internal factors, provokes an increase in the incidence of obesity, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. This deadly triad annually takes hundreds of thousands of lives across the globe, since the pathologies listed above often go hand in hand, being interconnected. The article discusses the problem of using artificial and natural sweeteners in diet therapy for diabetes mellitus. Nutritionists around the world are concerned about how to preserve the usual sweet taste of dishes and drinks for patients with diabetes, on the one hand, yet avoiding additional harm to their health, and possibly improving the quality of diabetic life, on the other. The author summarized the materials on recent clinical studies on the subject discussed. The article analyses the four sweeteners most commonly used by diabetics: fructose, sorbitol, xylitol and honey stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaf powder. Considerable attention is paid to the history of the appearance of each of the substances and medicinal raw materials studied. The author indicates their safe properties and possible disadvantages of use, as well as side effects.
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Technology and prophylactic efficiency of natural hypoglycemic food supplement
Статья научная
The article the issue of diabetes (type 2) on preventive use of vegetal hypoglycemic agents is discussed. It represents the method of adoption of a natural hypoglycemic food supplement that provides high Bioavailability in the hypoglycemic substances used by the used plant nutrition (F. Myrtile, C. Phaseoli, R. Araliu, H. Eqisett, Fr. Rose, H. Hiperrici Fl. Chamomilla). The used products of diabetic purpose are described with the usage of this hypoglycemic supplement. In the supplementation the high bioavailability of substances of hypoglycemic activity is achieved by the extraction of water-borne substances, adding obtained extract on the active wheat bran and their lyophilic drying. The results of the prophylactic efficacy analysis of the supplement are presented on the example of laboratory animals (white rats). The advantage of hypoglycemic supplementation, which is developed by proposed method is proved in comparison with the usage of dry vegetable powders. Four groups of trial animals participated in the research. I - control, II, III and IV, which were artificially diseased with diabetes - with 0,1% of alcoholic solution of Dithizone. The II group was fed with a product containing a new additive, the III one with the same product without the additions, and the IV - with the same product plus the addition of the dry powder of the vegetable set.
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The effect of exam stress on age dynamics of vegetative indicators of choleric students
Статья научная
The aim was to find out the effect of the higher nervous activity on the post-exam autonomic nervous system indicators during the emotional stress of the exam process in students with a choleric temperament type of the age limit of 17 (1st year). Physiological indicators of different states of excitement and temperament type were first studied in the experiment. In order to comprehensively assess the effect of emotional stress on students of different ages and courses, we measured arterial pressure and the number of heart beats per minute, which are the main hemodynamic indicators. The research was conducted 2 months before the exam, 30 minutes before the exam and 30 minutes after the exam. Before starting the research, the temperament types of the young people were studied after the nervous examination. The situational anxiety of young people with different temperament types was determined by post-test scores in three different situations: on regular days, before the exam and after the exam. The results of the conducted research show that there are differences in the activity of the autonomic nervous system in students of different ages. The analysis of the results of the hemodynamic changes that we obtained from the effect of exam stress on groups also shows that the autonomic index of the credo is in a state of dominance of the sympathetic tone on an ordinary day and before the exam. The characteristics of the autonomic nervous system after the exam have a direct effect on the adaptation of a person. An increase in the level of the agitation process caused by one or another influence of ASF temperament types indicates the exacerbation of the credo's vegetative index in all groups. An increase in the level of excitement correlates with an increase in the activity indicators of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.
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Статья научная
Pneumothorax is a pathological condition characterized by the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity, which leads to loss of negative pressure and collapse of the lung. Traditionally, pneumothorax is divided into traumatic and spontaneous, if in the first case the cause is clear, then in the second case, the diagnosis is sometimes difficult. Particular interest to thoracic physicians is spontaneous pneumothorax (SP), which often develops as a result of rupture of a bulla or bleb. Drainage of the pleural cavity is an effective method of treatment, it allows to stop respiratory failure and straighten the lung in the shortest possible time. The problem remains the high recurrence rate, which, according to the literature, ranges from 20 to 40% after the first episode of pneumothorax. Describe the main causes of pneumothorax. Describe the possibility of using chemical pleurodesis (CP) to prevent relapse. Evaluation the efficacy and safety of CP with iodpovidone. The study was made on the basis of the clinic named after I.K. Akhunbaev National Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic in the Department of Thoracic Surgery. The study included 115 patients with pneumothorax of various etiologies who were treated in the department from September 2015 to February 2023. The control group included 62 patients, here traditional treatment was carried out by drainage of the pleural cavity. The number of people in the test group was 53, here, after complete expansion of the lung, a CP procedure was performed in order to prevent recurrence. If the patient underwent only drainage of the pleural cavity, then the recurrence rate was compared. If the patient underwent thoracotomy with bullectomy, then the frequency of postoperative air leaking was assessed. The safety of the technique was assessed by the main indicators of hemodynamics, temperature and pain response. CP with iodpovidone after drainage of the pleural cavity, as well as as the final stage of open thoracotomy, turned out to be 100% effective in preventing recurrences, as well as postoperative air leaking. Statistical processing showed the safety of CP with iodpovidone. CP with iodpovidone can be successfully used as a prevention of relapse, as well as the prevention of postoperative air leakage. The positive effect was in 100% of cases with minimal side effects.
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The role of patiral hormones in metabolism
Статья научная
After the removal of the pancreas and during its hypofunction, a severe and difficult-to-treat disease called diabetes and sugary urine is observed in humans and animals. Under the influence of glucagon, the process of converting glycogen into glucose begins to take an active form in the liver and some other organs. Glucagon helps to increase the amount of glucose in the blood due to the activation of phosphorylase, which is involved in the breakdown of glycogen in the presence of glucose. Different animals have different sensitivity to glucagon. Glucagon affects fat metabolism and stimulates the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue.
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Статья научная
Relevance of this pathology is since both eyes are affected, characterized by a sluggish, relapsing course, affecting children and adolescents. Since this pathology is based on aseptic inflammation of the vascular wall in the retina of autoimmune origin, leading to hemodynamic disorders, our goal is to study the significance of hemodynamic disorders in various ocular fundus changes in patients with idiopathic retinovasculitis. Special research methods have been performed: autoperimetry, biomicroscopy of the anterior segment and internal structures of the eye, direct and reverse ophthalmoscopy, OCT of optic disc and yellow spot, autofluorescence vascular OCT with central retinal artery and central retinal vein calibrometry, ultrasound Doppler sonography of retinal vessels. Blood tests for antibodies of viral, bacterial and infectious diseases, immune status testing. Results: greater increase in the linear velocity of blood flow in the arteria ophthalmica, central retinal artery and central retinal vein and superior orbital vein in patients with neuroretinopathy: respectively: 64.86±0.46 cm/sec, 62.0±1.03 cm/sec (P
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The therapeutic action of the leech Hirudo medicinalis
Статья обзорная
The article under discussion examines the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis . Today, studying the composition of the saliva of medicinal leeches is of the greatest relevance. The secretion of leech saliva contains a whole complex of biologically active substances - it contains more than a hundred medicinal components, enzymes, hormones, vitamins and amino acids, as well as a special substance hirudin, which makes the blood more fluid, which prevents the formation of unnecessary platelets. This is an indispensable way to prevent heart attacks, strokes and thrombosis. The author of the article believes that proof of the medicinal properties of specific components of saliva can lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic methods.
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To the issue of acute myocarditis
Статья научная
According to statistics, pathology of the cardiovascular system can occur in 80% of patients who have undergone various acute viral infections, including influenza. All these manifestations are compensatory in nature and are completed independently without additional therapy. Children have respiratory viral infections, arising heart failure and various rhythm disturbances, quite often with a protracted course. Perhaps the emergence of an acute process, as well as the presence of viruses that can cause difficulties in terms of diagnosis and diagnosis, and other controversial issues. This attempt to highlight some controversial points. The detailed historical aspect of the formation of this nosological unit.
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To the question of the etiology and clinical significance of the U wave of the ECG
Статья научная
This article reviews the etiology and clinical significance of the U wave of the ECG. The conclusion about the importance of competent interpretation of this wave in the treatment of such heart diseases as myocardial ischemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, coronary insufficiency and others. Advanced and proven mechanism of U wave.
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Статья научная
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. This paper presents results of treating patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (BC). All the patients underwent surgical intervention, adjuvant, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were evaluated the volume of which depended on the stage of the disease. The side effects of different treatment options were analyzed. Triple-negative breast cancers have a relapse pattern that is very different from hormone-positive breast cancers: the risk of relapse is much higher for the first 3-5 years but drops sharply and substantially below that of hormone-positive breast cancers after that. Five-year relapse-free and overall survival rates were traced in this patient group. It is concluded that the used procedures of combination treatment for metastatic triple-negative BC are highly effective.
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Статья обзорная
Эозинофильный гранулематоз с полиангиитом (синдром Чарджа-Стросса) - это эозинофильное гранулематозное заболевание, характеризующееся поражением сосудов мелкого калибра и имеющее аутоиммунную природу. Пациенты с этим синдромом испытывают похудание, лихорадку, артралгии и миалгии. Чаще всего болезнь начинается с поражения респираторного тракта, включая инфекционно-аллергический ринит, бронхиальную астму, симметричные эозинофильные легочные инфильтраты и эозинофильную пневмонию. У лиц старших возрастных групп синдром проявляется множественными мононевритами, асимметричной полинейропатией, анемией и мышечной слабостью. В данном научном обзоре представлены основные аспекты распространенности, механизмов развития, спектра клинических проявлений, диагностики и дифференциальной диагностики эозинофильного гранулематоза с полиангиитом.
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Адаптация лимфоидных органов при восстановлении после физических нагрузок
Статья научная
Изучались периферические лимфоидные органы белых крыс, адаптирующихся к физическим нагрузкам, в восстановительном периоде после прекращения нагрузок. Результаты сравнивались с данными авторов, изучавших тимус при восстановлении после физических нагрузок. Установлено, что адаптивные реакции в центральных и периферических лимфоидных органах протекают однонаправлено. Через 2 недели после прекращения нагрузок выявляется структурно-функциональная неполноценность лимфоидных органов, заметно выраженная в лимфатических узлах. В органах наблюдаются инволюционные изменения, угнетение лимфопоэза и деструкция клеток лимфоидного ряда. В этот же срок определяется нарушение проницаемости сосудов в лимфоидных органах. На фоне лимфоцитопении протекают восстановительные реакции, которые начинаются на второй неделе восстановительного периода. Через 4 недели после прекращения физических нагрузок наблюдается заметное восстановление структуры и функции лимфоидных органов, однако полного восстановления клеточного состава лимфатических узлов еще не происходит. Структурно-функциональная неполноценность лимфоидных органов сопровождается компенсаторными реакциями, которые проявляются в увеличении содержания тканевых базофилов в лимфоузлах и сохраняются на протяжении всего срока наблюдения.
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Статья научная
В работе представлены данные по оценке эффективности интраоперационной инфузионно-трансфузионной терапии при критических просветных кровопотерях у больных. Использованы данные по клинической картине ряда пациентов. Выполнен сравнительный анализ разных видов лечения. В заключении делается вывод о том, что у больных, у которых имело профузное кровотечение и острая кровопотеря III степени и которым была выполнена операция в ранние сроки, согласно активной хирургической тактики, шансы на благоприятный исход операции возрастали на 60%. Уровень риска возникновения неблагоприятного исхода в случае отсрочки операции (выжидательная тактика) возрастал на 15%.
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Актуальность врожденных пороков сердца в Киргизской Республике
Статья научная
Статья посвящена анализу материала об актуальности врожденных пороков сердца в Киргизской Республике. Выделены основные группы факторов, влияющих на этиологию врожденных пороков сердца. Оценка социальных, медицинских и правовых положений, сложившихся в кардиохирургической практике на современном этапе, диктует необходимость создания мониторинга до и после хирургической коррекции, способной обеспечить совершенствование механизма оказания медицинской помощи пациентам. На основании проведенного анализа предлагаются меры по повышению качества оказываемой медицинской помощи данной категории больных.
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Статья научная
В статье рассматриваются факторы риска и распространение ВИЧ +туберкулез за период 2002-2020 гг. Проведен анализ основных эпидемических показателей по туберкулезу в когорте больных ВИЧ-инфекцией в Ошской области. Установлено, что главной причиной эпидемии ВИЧ в Кыргызстане и Таджикистане также является инъекционное потребление наркотиков. Но также, автором отмечается тенденция к стабилизации распространения ко-инфекции ВИЧ-ТБ. Комплексный подход к профилактике ВИЧ-инфекции является наиболее эффективным методом, позволяющим снизить распространение ВИЧ-инфекции.
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Статья научная
С истемой непрерывного медицинского образования Кыргызстана охвачены практикующие медицинские работники, а также специалисты подразделений финансового и кадрового обеспечения организаций здравоохранения, которые в своей обычной деятельности применяют нормативные документы в сфере реабилитации лиц с инвалидностью. Указанные вопросы изучаются на межвузовской кафедре медицинского права и медико-социальной экспертизы при Киргизском государственном медицинском институте переподготовки и повышения квалификации им. С.Б. Даниярова. Устойчивый рост инвалидности, и соответствующий рост потребности в реабилитационных услугах стимулирует актуальность внедрения в программы непрерывного медицинского образования изучение ключевых нормативных правовых актов. Авторы демонстрируют востребованность и актуальность курсов правовых знаний по реабилитации, инвалидности, и Международной классификации функционирования, ограничений жизнедеятельности и здоровья.
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