International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security @ijcnis
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security
Все статьи: 1148
Pseudo Random Ternary Sequence and Its Autocorrelation Property Over Finite Field
Статья научная
In this paper, the authors have proposed an innovative approach for generating a pseudo random ternary sequence by using a primitive polynomial, trace function, and Legendre symbol over odd characteristics field. Let p be an odd prime number, FP be an odd characteristic prime field, and m be the degree of the primitive polynomial f(x) Let w be its zero and a primitive element in Fpm* In the beginning, a primitive polynomial f(x) generates maximum length vector sequence, then the trace function Tr(.) is used to map an element of the extension field (Fpm) to an element of the prime field Fp then non-zero scalar A∈Fp is added to the trace value, and finally the Legendre symbol (a/p) is utilized to map the scalars into ternary sequence having the values, {0,1,and -1} By applying the new parameter A the period of the sequence is extended to its maximum value that is n=pm-1 Hence, our proposed sequence has some parameters such as p,m,and A This paper mathematically explains the properties of the proposed ternary sequence such as period and autocorrelation. Additionally, these properties are also justified based on some experimental results.
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Public vs Private vs Hybrid vs Community - Cloud Computing: A Critical Review
Статья научная
These days cloud computing is booming like no other technology. Every organization whether it's small, mid-sized or big, wants to adapt this cutting edge technology for its business. As cloud technology becomes immensely popular among these businesses, the question arises: Which cloud model to consider for your business? There are four types of cloud models available in the market: Public, Private, Hybrid and Community. This review paper answers the question, which model would be most beneficial for your business. All the four models are defined, discussed and compared with the benefits and pitfalls, thus giving you a clear idea, which model to adopt for your organization.
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QSWMCA - Quality of Service in Wireless Mesh Networks by Configuration Arguments
Статья научная
In this paper, we present a Quality of Experience (QoE) based upon the analyze the key Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as delay, jitter, throughput, packet loss, packet inspection in the mesh networks which executing the better approach for reconfiguration wireless mesh networks in the routing protocol. In this system evaluates the actual QoE level for each mesh node taking into an account to calculate QoS parameters and then this response as reducing the node broadcasting rate and investigating the problems of selecting in which links would be established that all nodes are connected for cost of constructions are minimized.
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QoS Comparison of MANET Routing Protocols
Статья научная
The primary concern for the deployment of MANET is to promote flexibility, mobility and portability. This mobility causes dynamic change in topology and poses challenges for designing routing algorithms. In the past few years, many ad hoc network protocols have been developed and research is still going on. It becomes quite difficult to say which protocols may perform well under different network scenarios such as varying network size, mobility of nodes and network load etc. This paper analyzes the performance of proactive protocols like DSDV, OSLR, reactive protocols like AODV, DSR and hybrid protocol such as ZRP. The analysis guides us to the evaluation of various performance metrics such as throughput, packet delivery fraction, normalized routing load and average end to end delay under different scenarios such as varying network size, speed of the node and pause time. The focus of this paper is to have quantitative analysis to guide which protocol to choose for specified network and goal.
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QoS Enabled Probabilistic Routing for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
Статья научная
There is an increasing research interest in solving routing problems in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and most of the existing routing protocols for WSN consider homogeneous nodes wherein, all sensor nodes have the same capabilities in terms of sensing, communication and computation capabilities. However, deployment of a homogeneous sensor network may suffer from poor performance. In this paper, we present a novel QoS routing scheme that adaptively learns an optimal routing strategy, depending on multiple optimization goals. We base our approach on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique which is insensitive to initial setting, thus ideal in the context of WHSNs. The key feature of the protocol is its ability to meet diverse QoS requirements posed by different kinds of traffic generated due to heterogeneous nature of nodes thus maximizing network performance and utilization. Experimental results suggest a significant gain in the performance of proposed protocol over AODV protocol.
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Статья научная
The decentralized and infrastructure less feature of Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) has made it a potential networking solution to be used in major applications ranging natural disaster management, vehicular communication, industrial communication etc. Though, being a dominating mobile communication system, exceedingly high network topology and mobility pattern in MANETs make it trivial to achieve Quality of Service (QoS) delivery, particularly for event-driven (mission-critical) communication. With this motivation, in this research paper a robust QoS Oriented Cross-Synch Routing Protocol for Event Driven, Mission-Critical Communication named Q-CSRPM has been developed for MANET. The proposed Q-CSRPM routing protocol exploits cross-layer routing architecture by applying network layer, MAC layer and physical layer information of IEEE 802.11 standard to perform optimal best forwarding node selection and reliable path formation. Q-CSRPM protocol performed proactive node management, service differentiation based data prioritization and resource scheduling, and dynamic buffer assessment based congestion detection at the network layer, dynamic link quality estimation and packet velocity estimation at the MAC layer, and PHY switching control at the physical layer of the protocol stack. Q-CSRPM applies dynamic link quality, congestion probability and packet velocity of a node for best forwarding node selection to form forwarding path. The node information sharing across the layers of rotocol stack enables optimal BFN selection and routing control. It strengthened Q-CSRPM to exhibit 98.2% and 93% of packet delivery ratio for real time data and non-real time data respectively. A minimum of 2% deadline miss ratio was observed.
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Статья научная
This paper presents the performance evaluation of 3G mobile networks for one kind of multimedia application called Voice over IP (VoIP) within Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand, using Line and Skype, two popular VoIP applications. This study used evaluation of voice quality provided by both applications. The tests have been conducted using stationary scenarios over 5 major 3G mobile networks, served by 5 operators, within 14 universities in the inner city of Bangkok in order to gather data of degraded speech files. Then, the data was measured using Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) to find Mean Opinion Score (MOS) before analyzing with ANOVA and T-test, which are statistical tools, so that the discussion and conclusion can be eventually derived.
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Статья научная
Multi-access Edge Computing optimizes computation in proximity to smart mobile devices, addressing the limitations of devices with insufficient capabilities. In scenarios featuring multiple compute-intensive and delay-sensitive applications, computation offloading becomes essential. The objective of this research is to enhance user experience, minimize service time, and balance workloads while optimizing computation offloading and resource utilization. In this study, we introduce dynamic computation offloading algorithms that concurrently minimize service time and maximize the quality of experience. These algorithms take into account task and resource characteristics to determine the optimal execution location based on evaluated metrics. To assess the positive impact of the proposed algorithms, we employed the Edgecloudsim simulator, offering a realistic assessment of a Multi-access Edge Computing system. Simulation results showcase the superiority of our dynamic computation offloading algorithm compared to alternatives, achieving enhanced quality of experience and minimal service time. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its potential to enhance mobile application performance. The comprehensive evaluation provides insights into the robustness and practical applicability of the proposed approach, positioning it as a valuable solution in the context of MEC networks. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in advancing computation offloading strategies for improved performance in edge computing environments.
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RSUs Deployment Using Parallel Scheduling
Статья научная
Advancement in software, hardware and communication technologies have led to the development of design and implementation of different types of networks that are deployed in various environments. One such network that has gained a lot of interest in the last few decades is the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET). VANET has become an active area of research, development and standardization because it has remarkable potential to improve vehicle and road safety, traffic management, and also provide comfort to both drivers and passengers. Roadside units (RSUs) are a vital component of Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). Mainly, the density and location of RSUs decides the success of a VANET. But, the sky-high deployment costs of the RSUs make it impossible to deploy a large number of RSUs on the specific area or road. Thus, there rises a need to optimally deploy a restricted number of RSUs in a given region in order to achieve maximum performance. This paper presents a new TDB based RSUs deployment algorithm with a goal of attaining high efficiency and cover maximum area. Matlab platform is used to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm using several performance metrics.
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Ranking Grid-sites based on their Reliability for Successfully Executing Jobs of Given Durations
Статья научная
Today's Grids include resources (referred as Grid-site s) from different domains including dedicated production resources, resources from university labs, and even P2P en¬vironments. Grid high level services, like schedulers, resource managers, etc. need to know the reliability of the available Grid-sites to select the most suitable from them. Modeling reliability of a Grid-site for successful execution of a job requires prediction of Grid-site availability for the given duration of job execution as well as possibility of successful execution of the job. Predicting Grid-site availability is complex due to different availability patterns, resource sharing policies implemented by resource owners, nature of domain the resource belongs to (e.g. P2P etc.), and its maintenance etc. To give a solution, we model reliability of Grid-site in terms of prediction of its availability and possibility of job success. Our availability predictions incorporate past patterns of the Grid-site availability using pattern recognition methods. To estimate possibility of job success, we consider historical traces of job execution. The experiments conducted on a trace of real Grid demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for ranking Grid-sites based on their reliability for executing jobs successfully.
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Real time universal scalable wireless sensor network for environmental monitoring application
Статья научная
There are several wireless sensor network use for environmental monitoring applications. However, most wireless sensor network designed for real time environmental monitoring application are application specific and static in nature. Hence, the need for reprogramming of base station for every change in sensor type or the introduction of new sensor node into the network. More so, since these sensors nodes are deploy by end users in a random region of interest, it is necessary to develop a new plug and play mechanisms with more software modules and more user-friendly interface that is scalable to ease larger area deployment, installation and maintenance. Hence, this paper developed a base station with an auto detection and configuration system for detecting new sensor node, faulty nodes, and update user in real time. The developed system is implemented on a mesh topology network and was calibrated using standard Davis vantage pro2 weather station in Ahmadu Bello University Liquefied Natural Gas Environmental Laboratory and a mean error of 0.12 and root mean square error of 0.14 were obtained.
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Real-Time Encryption/Decryption of Audio Signal
Статья научная
Encryption is a way to secure and verify data that are traded through public communication channels in the presence of intruder party called antagonists. Consequently, the transmitted or stored message can be converted to unreadable form except for intended receivers. The decryption techniques allows intended receiver to reveal the contents of previously encrypted message via secrete keys exchanged exclusively between transmitter and receiver. The encryption and decryption techniques can be applied equally to a message in any form such as text, image, audio or video. The current paper applies and evaluate two different encryption/decryption algorithms to the real-time audio signal. The first one is the well-known RSA encryption and decryption technique, while the second one is a new suggested algorithm based on symmetric cryptography concept. The Matlab Simulink simulator tool is used for acquiring the real-time audio signal and simulating the proposed algorithms. Considering the mathematical nature of the audio signal, the experimental results showed that the RSA method yields an audio signal with low quality while the suggested algorithm yields audio signal with high quality as exact signal as the original one.
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Realization of Efficient High Throughput Buffering Policies for Network on Chip Router
Статья научная
The communication between processing elements is suffering challenges due to power, area and latency. Temporary flit storage during communication consumes the maximum power of the whole power consumption of the chip. The majority of current NoCs consume a high amount of power and area for router buffers only. Removing buffers and virtual channels (VCs) significantly simplifies router design and reduces the power dissipation by a considerable amount. The buffering scheme used in virtual channeling in a network-on-chip based router plays a significant role in determining the performance of the whole network-on-chip based mesh. Elastic buffer (EB) flow control is a simple control logic in the channels to use pipeline flip-flops (FFs) as storage locations. With the use of elastic buffers, input buffers are no longer required hence leading to a simplified router design. In this paper properties of buffers are studied with a test microarchitecture router for several packet injection rates given at an input port. The prime contribution of this article is the evaluation of various forms of the elastic buffers for throughput, FPGA resource utilization, average power consumed, and the maximum speed offered. The article also gives a comparison with some available buffering policies against throughput. The paper presents the synthesis and implementation on FPGA platforms. The work will help NoC designers in suitable simple router implementation for their FPGA design. The implementation targets Virtex5 FPGA and Stratix III device family.
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Статья научная
Recently, many research works have been focused on the fiber optic devices for optical communication systems. One of the main interests is on the optical amplifiers to boost a weak signal in the communication systems. In order to overcome the limitations imposed by electrical regeneration, a means of optical amplification was sought. The competing technology emerged: the first was Raman amplification. One reason was that the optical pump powers required for Raman amplification were significantly higher than that for Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), and the pump laser technology could not reliably deliver the required powers. However, with the improvement of pump laser technology Raman amplification is now an important means of expanding span transmission reach and capacity. We have deeply studied an analytical model for optical distributed Raman amplifiers (DRAs) in the transmission signal power and pump power within Raman amplification technique in co-pumped, counter-pumped, and bi-directional pumping direction configurations through different types of fiber cable media. The validity of this model was confirmed by using experimental data and numerical simulations.
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Recent Replica Placement Algorithms in P2P Networks – A Review
Статья научная
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems provide a platform for large internet scale distributed applications with no dedicated infrastructure. In P2P systems, applications are developed by dividing them across individual systems termed peers which take the role of both client as well as server. Popularity of objects in such a system can change rapidly, which demands the need for a rapid and light weight content replication strategy which considers this dynamic popularity changes. While considering P2P in distributed file sharing applications, data availability has significant impact on the system's performance. In addition to optimized availability, the replica placement should guarantee reduced search and data access latency. It should be dynamically adaptable to instantaneous query arrival rate as well as dynamic membership of individual peers. Also, it should provide good performance with reduced number of control messages. Thus an intelligent placement of replicas considering various factors of the system always outperforms a random placement of replicas on random peers. This paper reviews and compares various recent replica placement algorithms for structured as well as unstructured P2P networks.
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Reciprocity based Energy Efficient Cooperative Routing Protocol for WSNs
Статья научная
Prolonging network lifetime by salvaging the energy of low battery capacity nodes is a prime concern in Wireless Sensor Networks. Energy efficient routing protocols try to improve the node lifetime by restricting their participation in the routing process. This leads to selfish node behavior causing disruption of inherent network cooperation. This paper proposes an elegant routing mechanism based on direct reciprocity principle, named energy efficient cooperative ad hoc on-demand distance vector (EECoAODV). Proposed protocol correctly differentiates between inherently selfish nodes that use the energy of other nodes to relay their packets, but refuse to reciprocate; and the energy critical nodes that have turned non-cooperative for their own survival. Selfish nodes are punished and eliminated from the routing process thus prolonging the battery capacity of energy critical nodes to improve the overall network performance. EECoAODV is implemented in Qualnet simulator and its performance is compared with conventional AODV and reinforcement based state-action-reward-action (SARSA) routing mechanism. Results show that EECoAODV improves the lifetime of energy critical nodes and thus delivers improved packet delivery ratio than SARSA-AODV and conventional AODV.
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Статья научная
The project envisages the creation of a complex system that integrates advanced technologies of machine learning and natural language processing for media content analysis. The main goal is to provide means for quick and accurate verification of information, reduce the impact of disinformation campaigns and increase media literacy of the population. Research tasks included the development of algorithms for the analysis of textual information, the creation of a database of fakes, and the development of an interface for convenient access to analytical tools. The object of the study was the process of spreading information in the media space, and the subject was methods and means for identifying disinformation. The scientific novelty of the project consists of the development of algorithms adapted to the peculiarities of the Ukrainian language, which allows for more effective work with local content and ensures higher accuracy in identifying fake news. Also, the significance of the project is enhanced by its practical value, as the developed tools can be used by government structures, media organizations, educational institutions and the public to increase the level of information security. Thus, the development of this project is of great importance for increasing Ukraine's resilience to information threats and forming an open, transparent information society.
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Статья научная
Millimeter wave communication suffers from static blockages such as trees, buildings and so on. Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) has been adapted to solve this blockage problem and enable the urban environment user to choose mmW enabled small cells as their source transmitter or to choose macro cells in case of non-line of sight exists. RIS is a promising network technology to improve the quality of service parameters such as spectral efficiency and energy efficiency by artificially reconfiguring the propagation environment of electromagnetic waves. An indoor user can be connected with mmW band if the line of sight (LOS) link exists. Otherwise, the system utilizes RIS transmission model to have reliable and low-latency communication. It reflects the capability of RISs to enable enhanced communications in challenging environments. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the sum data rate of an indoor user by phase shift optimization at the RIS. The outage probability of the proposed scheme is analyzed under Rician fading channel. The proposed RIS enabled method targets to enhance the overall performance in terms of average spectral efficiency and achievable data rate in the presence of blockages and system imperfections. The data rate is increased by three fold times than that of the transmission without RIS. The utility of this framework is discussed for both indoor and outdoor environments.
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Reduced complexity FSD algorithm based on noise variance
Статья научная
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system has very high spectrum efficiency. However, detection is a major challenge for the utilization of MIMO system. But even the fixed sphere decoding (FSD), which is known for its simplicity in calculation, requests too much computation in high order modulation and large number antenna system, especially for mobile battery-operated devices. In this paper, a reduced FSD algorithm is proposed to simplify the calculation complexity of the FSD while maintaining the performance at the same time. Simulation results show the effect of the proposed algorithm. Especially the results in a 4×4 64QAM system show that up to 81.2% calculation can be saved while the performance drop is less than 0.1dB when SNR=30.
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Статья научная
There are billions of inter-connected devices by the help of Internet-of-Things (IoT) that have been used in a number of applications such as for wearable devices, e-healthcare, agriculture, transportation, etc. Interconnection of devices establishes a direct link and easily shares the information by utilizing the spectrum of cellular users to enhance the spectral efficiency with low power consumption in an underlaid Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. Due to reuse of the spectrum of cellular devices by D2D users causes severe interference between them which may impact on the network performance. Therefore, we proposed a Q-Learning based low power selection scheme with the help of multi-agent reinforcement learning to detract the interference that helps to increase the capacity of the D2D network. For the maximization of capacity, the updated reward function has been reformulated with the help of a stochastic policy environment. With the help of a stochastic approach, we figure out the proposed optimal low power consumption techniques which ensures the quality of service (QoS) standards of the cellular devices and D2D users for D2D communication in 5G Networks and increase the utilization of resources. Numerical results confirm that the proposed scheme improves the spectral efficiency and sum rate as compared to Q-Learning approach by 14% and 12.65%.
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