International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications @ijisa
Journal articles - International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications
All articles: 1264
Design and Implementation of Multi Player Pong Game using Altera DE2 Board
Scientific article
Pong game is a simple but entertaining game of logic control. This research paper presents the design and implementation of an FPGA-based Pong game that runs on an Altera DE2 board using Verilog HDL. This article explains the VGA controller, object creation and animation, and text subsystem and of course how to link them all together to build a functioning circuit. There is an interesting multi-player mode and single-player mode feature in this design scheme. This game's multiplayer mode features both real-time and automatic players to create a competitive atmosphere. This design method followed less complicated, fastest processing, and utilized memory requirements and logic elements. The single-player mode uses 1.3% of total logic elements, the two-player mode uses 1.32%, and automatic player vs. real player uses 1.456% of total logic elements which is very small compared to the other gaming schemes and it reduces the processing time that is cost-effective for universal use. All the modules are designed by using Verilog HDL. The synthesis is done with the help of Altera DE2 FPGA. Functional simulation and synthesis prove that the design is universally usable and combines different modules in one module that presents sound entertainment and extends the electronics application-based work in the future.
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Design and Implementation of Three Phase Unbalanced Voltage Motor Controller
Scientific article
A state-of-the-art-technology was used to design the unbalanced three phase motor controller. The fluctuation of line voltage has been questioned in recent times due to the use of heavy powered machine with three phases. This paper is focused on deriving a control scheme to drive a three phase motor that could be used in industry or households. The very simple circuitry has been employed in this design. To do this, extensive MATLAB analysis and PSpice software was conducted in order to optimize the control system and finally the results are practically verified.
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Design and Simulation of Storage Location Optimization Module in AS/RS Based on FLEXSIM
Scientific article
This paper firstly points out the importance of the storage location optimization in Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS). Then it has analyzed the basic situation of the current storage location assignment strategy, and indicated the deficiency of the storage location selection under the current strategy. Afterwards, it has designed the storage location optimization module in AS/RS. And then it has constructed the mathematical model on the storage location assignment in AS/RS, and then optimized and solved it, performed instance simulation design and analysis on the storage location assignment by means of Flexsim. Finally, it has concluded that the storage location assignment model after optimization would solve the storage location assignment problem in AS/RS effectively and improve the loading-unloading efficiency, as will provide technical support for the enterprise to improve efficiency and reduce cost.
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Design of Automatic Number Plate Recognition System for Yemeni Vehicles with Support Vector Machine
Scientific article
Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is an important tool in the Intelligent Transport System (ITS). Plate features can be used to provide the identification of any vehicle as they help ensure effective law enforcement and security. However, this is a challenging problem, because of the diversity of plate formats, different scales, rotations and non-uniform illumination and other conditions during image acquisition. This work aims to design and implement an ANPR system specified for Yemeni vehicle plates. The proposed system involves several steps to detect, segment, and recognize Yemeni vehicle plate numbers. First, a dataset of images is manually collected. Then, the collected images undergo preprocessing, followed by plate extraction, digit segmentation, and feature extraction. Finally, the plate numbers are identified using Support Vector Machine (SVM). When designing the proposed system, all possible conditions that could affect the efficiency of the system were considered. The experimental results showed that the proposed system achieved 96.98% and 99.19% of the training and testing success rates respectively.
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Design of Decentralized Fuzzy Logic Load Frequency Controller
Scientific article
This paper presents a novel approach for designing a decentralized controller for load frequency control of interconnected power areas. The proposed fuzzy logic load frequency controller (FLFC) has been designed to improve the dynamic performance of the frequency and tie line power under a sudden load change in the power areas. The effect of generation rate constraint (GRC) for both areas has been considered in the controller design. The proposed FLFC consists of two internal fuzzy logic controllers namely, the PD-like fuzzy logic controller and the PI-like fuzzy logic controller. The FLFC has been co-coordinated with the conventional integral controller. Time-domain simulations using MATALB/SIMULINK program has been performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FLFC. The simulation results show that the proposed FLFC can provide good damping and reduce the overshoot even in the presence of the GRC.
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Design of Fast Pipelined Multiplier using Modified Redundant Adder
Scientific article
Carry free arithmetic using higher radix number system such as Redundant Binary Signed Digit can be used to meet the demand for computers operating at much higher speeds. The computation speed can also be increased by using the suitable design of adder and multiplier circuits. Fast RBSD adder cells suggested by Neelam Sharma in 2006 using universal logic are modified in the proposed design by reducing the number of gates. Due to reduction in gate count, number of gate levels and hence the circuit complexity is also reduced. As multiplication is repetitive addition, the implementation time of the multiplier circuit will also be reduced to a great extent by using modified design of adder cell to add the partial products. These partial products are added using pipelined units to reduce implementation time further. Thus with the use of proposed RBSD adder, other arithmetic operations such as subtraction, division, square root etc. can be performed much faster. It is concluded that efficiency of the proposed RBSD adder and multiplier is improved as compared to the techniques conventionally used in high speed machines. Thus the proposed modified RBSD adder cell using universal gates can be used to design fast ALU with many additional advantages.
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Scientific article
Digital integer and fractional order integrators and differentiators are very important blocks of digital signal processing. In many situations, integer order integrators and differentiators are not sufficient to model all kind of dynamics. For such systems, fractional order operators give better solution. This paper is based on design of a new family of fractional order integrators and differentiators using various approximation techniques. Here, digital fractional order integrators are designed by direct discretization method using different techniques like continued fraction expansion, Taylor series expansion, and rational Chebyshev approximation on the transfer function of Jain-Gupta-Jain second order integrator. Their response in frequency domain is compared. The frequency response of the proposed integrators with highest efficiency is also compared with the existing ones. It is proved that rational Chebyshev approximation based integrators have highest efficiency among them. The fractional order differentiators are also designed using proposed integrators. It is concluded that proposed family of fractional order operators show remarkable improvement in frequency response compared to all the existing ones over the entire Nyquist frequency range.
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Design of Longitudinal Motion Controller of a Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Scientific article
The need for autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is very interesting nowadays. Autonomous UAVs provide the possibility of performing tasks and missions that are currently hazardous or can cost humans or money, enable autonomous search, persistent combat intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), and many other applications. This paper presents an overview of autopilot design with a detailed design of longitudinal autopilot of a Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (SUAV). The designed autopilot is applied to an Ultrastick-25e fixed wing UAV depending on longitudinal linear model and analytic linear model with trimmed values of straight and leveling scenario. The longitudinal motion controller design is started with the design of most inner loop (pitch rate feedback) of the longitudinal system, then pitch tracker design with a Proportional Integral (PI)- controller. The guidance and control system is related with the design of altitude hold controller with P-controller as an example of outer loop controller design. The performance of two classic controller approaches for the design of autopilot are compared and evaluated for both linear and non-linear models. The proposed controller is chosen for design due to its higher performance than the classic one. At last the climbing turn scenario is applied to the whole autopilot (longitudinal and lateral) for the evaluation process. The results show a good performance in both disturbance rejection and robustness against sensors noise.
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Design of Low Power Sequential Circuit by using Adiabatic Techniques
Scientific article
Various adiabatic logic circuits can be used for minimizing the power dissipation. To enhance the functionality and performance of circuit two adiabatic logic families PFAL and ECRL have been used and compared with CMOS logic circuit design. In this paper, A MASTER-SLAVE D flip-flop is proposed by the use of SPICE simulation on 90nm technology files. The simulation result shows that PFAL is a better energy saving techniques then ECRL logic circuit.
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Scientific article
Many media forms can be stored easily at present. Photographs, for example, can be easily stored even though most of them have not been edited. This means they will gradually lose their value and become essentially unusable. To make better use of photographs, we tried to make use of information provided by viewers who had seen and commented on them. We felt that analyzing this information would enable us to make maximum use of photographic data. To do this, we defined a ''tag propagation'' model and relationships between photos. We also proposed a system that uses image processing to analyze viewers' handling of photos and how the photos are relevant to each other. We then validated our model by using it.
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Design of Type-2 Fuzzy Controller based on LQR Mapped Fusion Function
Scientific article
“Rule number explosion” in fuzzy controller and “uncertainty” in the model are two main issues in the design of fuzzy control systems. To overcome these problems, we have applied a method in which a linear sensory fusion function has been used to reduce the number of dimensions of fuzzy controller’s inputs and simultaneously use the features of LQR control. Since, in type-2 fuzzy control, the degree of fuzziness increased and it can better handle the uncertainty in the model compared to conventional fuzzy, so the method of sensory fusion with type-2 fuzzy control scheme has been combined to make the controller more robust w.r.t. the parameter variation, perturbance and uncertainty in the model. Performance criteria like IAE, ISE and ITAE have been used to compare the control performance obtained from conventional fuzzy and type-2 fuzzy controller.
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Design of an Automated Secure Garage System Using License Plate Recognition Technique
Scientific article
Modern technologies have reached our garage to secure the cars and entrance to the residences for the demand of high security and automated infrastructure. The concept of intelligent secure garage systems in modern transport management system is a remarkable example of the computer interfaced controlling devices. License Plate Recognition (LPR) process is one of the key elements of modern intelligent garage security setups. This paper presents a design of an automated secure garage system featuring LPR process. A study of templates matching approach by using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is implemented to carry out the LPR method. We also developed a prototype design of the secured garage system to verify the application for local use. The system allows only a predefined enlisted cars or vehicles to enter the garage while blocking the others along with a central-alarm feature. Moreover, the system maintains an update database of the cars that has left and entered into the garage within a particular duration. The vehicle is distinguished by the system mainly based on their registration number in the license plates. The tactics are tried on several samples of license plate’s image in both indoor and outdoor setting.
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Designing and Decision Making of Transport Chains between China and Germany
Scientific article
Optimization of an international transport chain may contribute significantly to a successful outcome in international trade. The performance of various modes of transport influences the selection of one over others. This paper analyses the transport chain between China and Germany, comparing routes and aiming to identify the best practices and chose the optimal transport mode. Through analysing secondary data, the different means of transport are presented. The SWOT analysis was selected to analyse and compare the competitive operation of the various methods of transport between China and Germany. This helps us understand what determines the selection of one mode of transport mode rather than another; the development of rail transport between China and Germany should be urged, in addition to the air and sea modes; Price, timing, level of service and relationship with forwarder are vital factors in determining the route option between China and Germany. More secondary data should be used to validate the research in the future.
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Detailed Study of Wine Dataset and its Optimization
Scientific article
The consumption of wine these days is becoming more common in social gatherings and to monitor the health of individuals it's very important to maintain the quality of the wine. For the assessment of wine quality many methods have been proposed. We have described a technique to pre-process the “Vinho Verde” wine dataset. The dataset consists of red and white wine samples. The wine dataset size has been reduced from a total of 13 attributes to 9 attributes without any loss of performance. This has been validated through various classification techniques like Random Forest Classifier, Decision tree Classifiers, K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier and Artificial Neural Network Classifier. These classifiers have been compared based on two performance metrics of accuracy and RMSE values. Among the three classifiers Random Forest tends to outperform the other two classifiers in various measures for predicting the quality of the wine.
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Detecting Sarcasm Text in Sentiment Analysis Using Hybrid Machine Learning Approach
Scientific article
It's getting harder for 21st-century citizens to effectively detect sarcasm using sentiment analysis in a world full of sarcastic people and identifying sarcasm aids in understanding the unpleasant truth hidden beneath polite language. While sarcasm in text is frequently identified, very little research has been done on text sarcasm recognition in memes. This study uses a hybrid machine learning strategy to increase accuracy in identifying sarcasm text in sentiment analysis. It also compares the hybrid approach to existing approaches, like Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Stochastic Gradient Descent, and Decision Tree. The effectiveness of several methods is assessed in this study using recall, precision, and f-measure. The results showed that the suggested strategy (0.8004%) received the highest score when the prediction accuracy of several machine learning approaches was compared. The proposed hybrid approach performs much better in terms of enhancing accuracy.
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Detecting happiness in human face using unsupervised twin-support vector machines
Scientific article
This paper aims to finding happiness in human face with minimal feature vectors. In this system, the face detection and tracking are carried out by Constrained Local Model (CLM). Using CLM grid node, the entire and minimal feature vector displacement is obtained through extracted features. The feature vector displacements are computed in multi-classes of Twin- Support Vector Machines (TWSVM) classifier to evaluate the happiness. In training and testing phases, the following databases are used such as MMI database, Cohn-Kanade (CK), Extended-CK, Mahnob-Laughter and also Real Time data. Also, this paper compares the Supervised Support Vector Machines and Unsupervised Twin Support Vector Machines classifier with cross data-validation. Using the normalization of Min-max and Z-norm technique, the overall accuracy of finding happiness are computed as 86.29% and 83.79% respectively.
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Detection and Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease by Employing CNN
Scientific article
Alzheimer’s illness is an ailment of mind which results in mental confusion, forgetfulness and many other mental problems. It effects physical health of a person too. When treating a patient with Alzheimer's disease, a proper diagnosis is crucial, especially into earlier phases of condition as when patients are informed of the risk of the disease, they can take preventative steps before irreparable brain damage occurs. The majority of machine detection techniques are constrained by congenital (present at birth) data, however numerous recent studies have used computers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. The first stages of Alzheimer's disease can be diagnosed, but illness itself cannot be predicted since prediction is only helpful before it really manifests. Alzheimer’s has high risk symptoms that effects both physical and mental health of a patient. Risks include confusion, concentration difficulties and much more, so with such symptoms it becomes important to detect this disease at its early stages. Significance of detecting this disease is the patient gets a better chance of treatment and medication. Hence our research helps to detect the disease at its early stages. Particularly when used with brain MRI scans, deep learning has emerged as a popular tool for the early identification of AD. Here we are using a 12- layer CNN that has the layers four convolutional, two pooling, two flatten, one dense and three activation functions. As CNN is well-known for pattern detection and image processing, here, accuracy of our model is 97.80%.
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Scientific article
A complete and accurate cross-language clone detection tool can support software forking process that reuses the more reliable algorithms of legacy systems from one language code base to other. Cross-language clone detection also helps in building code recommendation system. This paper proposes a new technique to detect and classify cross-language clones of C and C++ programs by filtering the nodes of ANTLR-generated parse tree using a common grammar file, CPP14.g4. Parsing the input files using CPP14.g4 provides all the lexical and semantic information of input source code. Selective filtering of nodes performs serialization of two parse trees. Vector representation using term frequency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) of the resultant tree is given as an input to cosine similarity to classify the clone types. Filtered parse tree of C and C++ increases the precision from 51% to 61%, and matching based on renaming the input/output expressions provides average precision of 91.97% and 95.37% for small scale and large scale repositories respectively. The proposed cross-language clone detection exhibits the highest precision of 95.37% in finding all types of clones (1, 2, 3 and 4) for 16,032 semantically similar clone pairs of C and CPP codes.
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Detection of Diabetes using Combined ML Algorithm
Scientific article
Recently data clustering algorithm under machine learning are used in ‘real-life data’ to segregate them based on the outcome of a phenomenon. In this paper, diabetes is detected from pathological data of 768 patients using four clustering algorithms: Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), K-means clustering, Fuzzy Inference system (FIS) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Our main objective is to make binary classification on the data table in a sense that presence or absence of diabetes of a patient. We combined the four machine learning algorithms based on entropy-based probability to enhance accuracy of detection. Before applying combining scheme, we reduce the size of variables applying multiple linear regression (MLR) on the table then logistic regression is again applied on the resultant data to keep the outlier within a narrow range. Finally, entropy based combining scheme with some modification is applied on the four ML algorithms and we got the accuracy of detection about 94% from the combining technique.
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Detection of Metamorphic Malware based on HMM: A Hierarchical Approach
Scientific article
Recent research have depicted that hidden Markov model (HMM) is a persuasive option for malware detection. However, some advanced metamorphic malware are able to overcome the traditional methods based on HMMs. This proposed approach provides a two-layer technique to overcome these challenges. Malware contain various sequences of opcodes some of which are more important and help detect the malware and the rest cause interference. The important sequences of opcodes are extracted by eliminating partial sequences due to the fact that partial sequences of opcodes have more similarities to benign files. In this method, the sliding window technique is used to extract the sequences. In this paper, HMMs are trained using the important sequences of opcodes that will lead to better results. In comparison to previous methods, the results demonstrate that the proposed method is more accurate in metamorphic malware detection and shows higher speed at classification.
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