Статьи журнала - Pravo - teorija i praksa
Все статьи: 749
Promenjene okolnosti (klauzula rebus sic stantibus ) i nove tendencije u regulisanju ovog pravila
Статья научная
U radu se analizira shvatanje klauzule rebus sic stantibus i ocena celishodnosti njene primene u uporednopravnim sistemima. Autor analizira i kako se ovo pravilo (institut) tretira u instrumentima međunarodnog ugovornog prava, posebno u Principima evropskog ugovornog prava. Zaključuje da savremeni život nameće potrebu prihvatanja ovog pravila kao opšteg te da pri zakonskoj regulativi, posebno u pogledu njegove sadržinske određenosti, bi trebalo imati u vidu regulativu sadržanu u postojećim međunarodnim instrumentima.
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Статья научная
The importance of proof in administrative proceedings is arising from the fact that the development of substantive law, a change or termination of any rights is related to the existence or non-existence of relevant facts. Evidence provides the answer to the question of whether in life exists a specific facts, which is the basis for the development of a law. The existence of such facts is basing on the evidence. ZOOUP in the article 149th paragraph 2. lists the most common means of evidence that authorities used in administrative procedure, and those are documents, witnesses, the statement of the party, warlock, and investigation. ZOOUP is providing a duty of withholding from investigation for one side and the prohibition of injuring the business, professional and scientific secrets from the official, on the other side. Securing of evidence is being done when there is a fear that the evidence cannot be brought later, or that his performance will be significantly difficult. Securing the evidence is performed according to the obligation of official duty or at the proposal of the party.
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Propaganda in a function of a systemic instrumentalization of media for ultra-nationalist purposes
Статья научная
Propaganda and its elements are an inseparable part of everyday life. In a digital age, when, in every second, a vast amount of information is exchanged, the possibilities and variations of propaganda techniques application are proportionally high. The majority of these propaganda messages that can be seen every time we turn on a device, or just go outside and look around are the messages of economic propaganda. Every time we hear a speech of a corporate or government official, we hear a carefully created and delivered message put together by public relations experts, which as well, by its genesis, belongs to propaganda. Still, the subject of this paper is propaganda, which is much more malicious in its origins and manifestations, and that is propaganda for ultranationalist purposes. In this paper, the authors first consider the etiological and historical aspects of propaganda focusing on those forms that had the most devastating effects. Propaganda predates mass media, but it is their conjunction that helped propaganda to reach a maximum capacity of its impact. Therefore, the authors analyze the correlation between propagandists, propaganda, and mass media.
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Статья научная
Domestic violence is a complex, multidisciplinary problem, although at first glance it seems like a very clear, definite, extremely obvious, and recognizable phenomenon. In addition to the concept, characteristics, manifestation, and causes of domestic violence, the paper presents the provisions of the Family Law and the Law on Social Protection, as well as the role and competencies of the Social Services Center regarding protection from domestic violence. The so-called “dark figure” in this area indicates that there is a significant number of unreported cases of domestic violence, and the “silence” of family members can lead to immeasurable consequences. That is why it is necessary to emphasize adequate education, good coordination of institutions, but also influencing the social awareness of people that denying the perceived problem of domestic violence leads nowhere.
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Protection measures for the children without a parental care
Статья научная
Foster care is the most important measure of the protection of the rights and interests of the children who have either been left without a parental care or have had certain developmental and behavioural disorders, and cannot live with their biological parents. In addition to a foster care as a measure of the protection of the children without a parental care, in a legal system of Republic of Serbia, there are some other institutes of a legal guardianship and adoption too. Foster care is most often associated with altruism and humanity of the people who have decided to be foster parents, and who had had these qualities even before that decision. Foster care in Republic of Serbia has had its ups and downs. The social crisis has also affected this institute, but the humanity that foster care carries in its nucleus and the fact of helping the helpless has always managed to ensure a foster care not to disappear from the legal regulations. By using the comparative, historical, analytical and descriptive method, the aim of this paper is to analyse a foster care as one of the measures of protecting the children without a parental care, as well as to indicate the current state of foster families in Republic of Serbia and the position of children in them.
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Protection of consumers rights in life insurance contracts
Статья научная
Life insurance is a special type of activity exerting a strong influence on a country’s social and economic structure. Its main field of interest is human life. Life insurance contracts are founded on the basis concept of the legal position of an insured person as the weaker contracting party either due to his/her knowledge of the insurance service and the circumstances surrounding it or due to his/her negotiating position and the financial means put at his/her disposal. The insurer is a trader and professional, which cannot be said for the insured person, who, accordingly, should be ensured protection within the current legal framework. In that sense, it is essential the security and protection of the insurance beneficiary to be provided against all the risks and irregular actions which can be anticipated and prevented. In accordance with the importance of its topic, the paper touches upon the term and characteristics of life insurance contracts. It also includes the definition of life insurance and legal aspects of life insurance contracts, all of which to be followed by a detailed elaboration on the selected topic of the paper, which is reflected in its subtitle – the analysis of consumers (insurance beneficiaries) protection in insurance contracts generally speaking and in life insurance contracts in particular.
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Статья научная
The Constitution of the Republic of Serbia contains a large number of provisions on human rights and freedoms. The Constitution guarantees all three generations of rights. Articles 28 and 29 of the Constitution regulate the following rights: Dealing with a person deprived of liberty and Supplementary rights in case of deprivation of liberty without a court decision. Basing the provisions on the aforementioned articles of the Constitution, the criminal procedure legislation has regulated in detail the matter of dealing with persons in custody. After a detailed analysis of the rules of treatment of persons in detention, it has been concluded that it is not about any specific rights or rules, but only about the realization of the basic guaranteed rights that every citizen should enjoy, regardless of their status. Bearing in mind the topic, the paper analyzes the development and conceptual definition of human and minority rights. Some characteristic provisions of the Constitution related to the topic of the paper were also analyzed, and then an overview was made of the legal provisions in Serbia on the treatment of persons who are in detention, and which have their basis precisely in the provisions of the Constitution.
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Protection of personal data of employees
Статья научная
Protection of personal data of employees forms part of the concept of the right to privacy which is becoming increasingly important with the development of various means of monitoring and control by employers, thus creating the need for adopting the legislation that would protect individuals from undesired data processing. The legislation that regulates the field of data protection has created a complex system of their protection. This paper will hence summarise those legal solutions that are relevant to understanding the protection of personal data of employees in the European Union law, but also in the law of the Republic of Serbia. In addition to this, the paper will explore the right to protection of personal data from the perspective of employees, but also from that of employers, by analysing various means of supervision and examples from the practice.
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Статья научная
Krivična djela protiv privrede i platnog prometa su raznolika i brojna, tako da ne možemo govoriti o njihovim zajedničkim karakteristikama, jer se vrše u različitim oblastima privrednog poslovanja i njima se štite različiti društveni odnosi koji se pojavljuju u tim oblastima. Zato se nameće osnovno pitanje - mogu li ova krivična djela imati iste ili različite zaštitne objekte? Ipak, imajući u vidu da svi ti odnosi, u svojoj ukupnosti, predstavljaju privredni sistem jedne zemlje, može se zaključiti, da je zajednički zaštitni objekat - privredni sistem kao cjelina. Bilo koje od krivičnih djela usmjereno je protiv privrednog sistema. Zajednička karakteristika im je i blanketna dispozicija, koja upućuje na neki drugi zakonski ili podzakonski propis kojim je regulisana određena oblast privrednog sistema. U radu će se posebno ukazati na krivično djelo prouzrokovanje lažnog stečaja.
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Статья научная
Ivan Mažuranić, Croatian Ban who reigned from 1873-1880 implemented significant reforms in education, administration, and judiciary since his political programme focused on the provision of the modern legal framework for Croatian autonomy. During the second year of his reign, on 19th August 1874, Ban Mažuranić proposed to the Parliament a draft Act on the organisation of public schools and teacher training schools (original in Croatian Zakon ob ustroju pučkih školah i preparandijah), which was adopted and confirmed by the Austrian Emperor and Hungarian-Croatian King Francis Joseph I already on 14th October 1874. That Act is considered to be the first Croatian autonomous school law and one of the most liberal school laws in Europe, as it secured the schools the status of secular institutions. Many of the provisions of that Act are still accurate and applicable in today's Croatian educational system. However, being proposed back then, they caused serious debates and protests of all social classes. A qualitative comparative analysis of the Act on the organisation organization of public schools and teacher training schools and the current Act on education in primary and secondary schools will compare the legislative frameworks for encouraging creativity in education, which provide prerequisites for the creative and autonomous work of teachers. Having passed this law, Ban Mažuranić proved himself to be serious in fulfilling his election promises. Along with other laws enforced in judiciary and administration, this Act opened the way for the modernisation of the former Croatian state and its faster adoption of European standards of a modern civil state.
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Public finances in constitutional system of Serbia
Статья научная
Matter of public finances doesn't belong to the cycle of fundamental questions of so-called materie constitutionis. However main principle of socio-economic system of one political community, in which question of public finances is one of basic is regulation of every modern constitution. This scientific work is focusing on norms relevant for the question of public finances, which are contained in Constitution of Republic of Serbia and in proposal of new Statute of Vojvodina Province, and will consist, after Statute goes into effect, the largest number of norms already contained in constitutional system of Serbia. Substances referring to public finances are not considered only in part which contains them under the title. Questions directly or indirectly related to public finances can be found besides the following, in part about human and minority rights and freedom, Republic authority, separation of powers and territorial structure. Part of constitution referring to public finances is deficient. According to article 91 of the Low, resources for financing Republic regulation, province and local authority are providing from taxes and other incomes defined by the law, which also defines budget regulation, public debts, proper regional development, and Central bank and Governmental revision institution. Former constitution, as the difference from the existing one, made important changes in system of public finances in Serbia. Guaranteeing province and units of local authority the right for incomes, Republic of Serbia demonstrated determination for general decentralization, including fiscal without which is illusory to talk about any other. Through tax legislation and other financial laws constitutional regulation will get acquire meaning.
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Public sector reform according to the new public management model
Статья научная
During the last 30 years or even more many countries implemented certain programs in order to transform the public sector representing a consequence of generating economic- financial and fiscal pressures. In these countries various initiatives have successively been driven based on liberal principles of the market economy, mainly motivated by similar reasons with a cumulative effect to realize the development goals of the new global environment. A number of these initiatives are based on the same assumptions, so we can talk about the reforms of programs being more or less coherent in their content. One of such programs is the New Public Management (New Public Management, NPM), which was, in the conceptual sense, initiated in the UK and other countries of the Anglo-Saxon tradition in early 1980s. Although in practical terms a particular manifestation of this model was, as the nucleus, firstly widespread through New Zealand and Australia and later through the Scandinavian countries, those reflections were very extensive, and acquired the form of a paradigm for contemporary changes in the sphere of public sector governance in many continental countries where they experienced an empirical verification.
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Purpose of criminal sanctions in the law of the Republic of Serbia
Статья научная
The subject of the paper is the general and specific purpose of criminal sanctions in the law of the Republic of Serbia, with a brief overview of certain characteristics of criminal sanctions, and in order to better understanding them. Achieving the purpose of prescribing and imposing criminal sanctions contributes to the realization of the basic function of criminal law, which is aimed at combating crime. Reducing crime is necessary, but as it is a complex phenomenon, achieving this goal is not easy, and understanding the purpose of criminal sanctions can contribute to a more successful application of criminal law and, to that end, to more successfully counteract of this negative phenomenon.
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Статья научная
Od 24. januara 2010. godine u Srbiji se primenjuje Zakon o stečaju (Službeni Glasnik RS, br. 104/09. godine). Od dana njegovog donošenja od ovog Zakona se mnogo očekivalo. Prve ocene novog zakona date su već posle godinu dana njegove primene. Kako, prema prvom članu Zakona, cilj stečaja jeste najpovoljnije kolektivno namirenje stečajnih poverilaca ostvarivanjem najveće moguće vrednosti stečajnog dužnika, odnosno njegove imovine, najviše prostora zauzimaju ocene date za uspeh u ostvarivanju primarnog cilja Zakona. Međutim, pokretanje stečajnog postupka ima više neposrednih posledica, a među njima se zbog osetljivosti ističe ona koje pogađa zaposlene stečajnog dužnika. Otvaranje stečajnog postupka je razlog za otkaz ugovora o radu koji je stečajni dužnik zaključio sa zaposlenima. Zakon o stečaju sadrži više odredbi koje se tiču radnopravnog položaja zaposlenih kod stečajnog dužnika. Takođe, jedan deo Zakona o radu (IX deo) nosi naziv 'Potraživanja zaposlenih u slučaju stečajnog postupka'. Položaj zaposlenih stečajnog dužnika nije određen samo zakonskim odredbama. U ovom radu je ukazano i na njihov položaj koji je uslovljen realnim okolnostima i koji, kao sam život, prevazilazi i pretiče zakonsku normu.
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Ratni brod i gospodarski pojas
Статья научная
U ovom članku autor opisuje institute ratnog broda i gospodarskog pojasa, njihovo porijeklo i narav. Ratni brod jest brod koji pripada oružanim snagama neke države, nosi vanjske znakove pripadnosti ratnog broda, nalazi se pod zapovjedništvom osobe koja je upisana u popis ovlaštenih časnika ili u neki drugi dokument odgovarajućeg značaja i ima posadu koja je podvrgnuta vojnoj stezi. Gospodarski pojas jest pojas širine 200 nautičkih milja, a u kojem obalna država ostvaruje svoja suverena prava. Autor će u ovom članku, razmatrajući mišljenja domaćih i stranih znanstvenika, kao i domaćih i poredbeno-pravnih rješenja pokušati pobliže analizirati status ratnog broda u gospodarskom pojasu, kao i iznijeti prijedloge za njegovo unapređenje.
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Razbojništvo i razbojnička krađa - krivičnopravni i kriminalistički aspekt
Статья научная
Ovim radom je analiziran pojam i karakteristike krivičnog dela razbojništva i razbojničke krađe sa posebnim naglaskom na statističke podatke za period od 2004. godine do 2011. godine. Analizom smo obuhvatili strukturu prijavljenih i otkrivenih krivičnih dela učinjenih od strane punoletnih i maloletnih lica. Takođe su obrađeni načini izvršenja krivičnih dela, kao i načini saznanja i otkrivanje učinilaca krivičnih dela razbojništva i razbojničke krađe. Naglasili smo i sličnost ova dva krivična dela jer oba predstavljaju složeno krivično delo, ali ukazali smo i na različitost koja se ogleda u redosledu preduzimanja radnje od strane učinioca krivičnog dela.
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Razgraničenje zastupništva i srodnih ustanova
Статья научная
Zastupništvo je način (mogućnost) preduzimanja pravnih poslova u ime i za račun zastupanog lica kod koga sva dejstva posla preduzetog u ime i za račun zastupanog lica nastaju samo prema zastupanom licu, pod uslovom da je zastupnik delao u granicama ovlašćenja za zastupanje i obavestio treće lice da posao preduzima u ime i za račun zastupanog lica. Zastupanje ima sličnosti i sa drugim pravnim ustanovama kao što su nalog, komision, posredovanje, poslovodstvo bez naloga. U ovom radu autor analizira sličnosti i razlike između zastupanja i navedenih ustanova i pojašnjava razgraničenja između njih.
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Razlozi za izjavljivanje žalbe u parničnom postupku
Статья научная
Žalba protiv presude u parničnom postupku, čini jedan od najvažnijih oblika zaštite građanskih prava i sloboda, zajemčenih Ustavom. To je deo osnovnih tekovina i vrednosti razvoja civilizacije i ljudskog društva koja traje više od dve hiljade godina. Zakonom o parničnom postupku Republike Srbije navedeni su razlozi protiv koje se može pobijati presuda doneta u prvom stepenu. Imajući u vidu da žalba ima suspenzivno dejstvo na donetu prvostepenu odluku, zakonodavac je predvideo široki spektar razloga zbog kojih se može takva odluka pobijati. Svi žalbeni razlozi su svrstani u tri grupe i odnose se na povredu odredaba parničnog postupka, utvrđeno činjenično stanje i primenu materijalnog prava. Kroz dosadašnju sudsku praksu, utvrđeni su i iskristalisani najvažniji kriterijumi i dileme, vezane za primenu ovog instituta procesnog prava kod nas.
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Razvoj pravne regulative tržišta hartija od vrednosti u Evropskoj Uniji
Статья научная
Akcioni plan o finansijskim uslugama (Financial Services Action Plan) odnosno, skraćeno FSAP predstavlja svojevrstan vid integracije finansijskih tržišta Evropske unije putem pravne regulative koji je Evropska Komisija pokrenula još 1999. godine. FSAP (Akcioni plan o finansijskim uslugama), se u najvećoj meri fokusira na finansijske usluge, hartije od vrednosti i pitanja iz privrednog prava, navedeni plan se implementirao narednih pet godina kroz ustaljeni tok zakonskih mera Evropske Zajednice (U daljem tekstu EZ): u oblastima regulacije izdavaoca hartija od vrednosti, što predstavlja i predmet ovog razmatranja. EZ izdala je deset direktiva i regulativa (uključujući i šest mera 'drugog nivoa' implementirajuće direktive i regulativu 'prvog nivoa') kako bi omogućila implementaciju FSAP. Tu uključujemo mere za harmonizaciju ključnih pitanja regulative hartija od vrednosti, kao što su ponude hartija od vrednosti (u daljem tekstu HOV), insajdersko trgovanje i tržišne manipulacije, ponuda o preuzimanju i obaveznom objavljivanju informacija. Osnovna svrha FSAP-a je bila da uspostavi kamen 'temeljac' za integraciju finansijskih tržišta EU kroz usaglašena pravila koja, pružajući visoki stepen zaštite za investitora. Istovremeno umanjuju troškove koji proizilaze iz primene različitih pravnih režima zemalja članica u prekograničnim transakcijama. Kako bi smanjili ove troškove, dve nealternativne, i možda, komplementarne strategije su dostupne: harmonizacija samostalih pravila kroz čitavu EU i harmonizacija sukobljenih zakonskih odredaba, kako bi se izbegla udružena primena više od jednog režima nad istom prekograničnom transakcijom (problem višestrane nadležnosti). Ovaj rad za svoj cilj ima da utvrdi da li je post FSAP regulativni okvir unutar EU uspeo da ispuni svoje ciljeve u vidu usaglašavnja i rešavanja problema višestrane nadležnosti.
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