Вестник Алматинского технологического университета @vestnik-atu
Статьи журнала - Вестник Алматинского технологического университета
Все статьи: 1303
Study of storage ability of curd dessert with addition of vegetable raw materials
Статья научная
The paper presents data on study of storage of curd dessert. The composition of product was varied to improve organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters and increase storage capacity. The process of product production involves mixing curd product with ingredients (hawthorn, apricot, carrot juice). Studied organoleptic characteristics of finished products during refrigerated storage.However, on ninth day taste deteriorated, acidity increased. Studies of microbiological indicators are presented. As result of storage on the ninth day, presence of mold was detected.The results of analyzes show that shelf life of new dessert is seven days at (4±2)°C.
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Study of the effect of probiotics on the shelf life of chilled broiler meat
Статья научная
Poultry meat can be contaminated with a wide range of microorganisms, including those that can spoil the product during chill storage and certain foodborne pathogens. This study aims to investigate the effect of probiotics on the shelf life of shilled broiler meat. The object of the study was fresh broiler meat obtained from broiler chickens fed three different amounts of probiotics, which were isolated from shubat and koumiss. For the control group, birds were fed a basal diet (BD) and drinking water (DW). Chicks in the experimental groups were fed by BD, DW, and probiotics 0.25 mL, 0.5 mL, and 1.0 mL per bird (groups Pro1, Pro2, and Pro3, respectively), for 42 days. Following slaughter, the filets were packed aerobically and stored in temperature-controlled conditions at 4±2ºC. Microbial examinations of meat quality included QMAFAnM, BGKP, pathogenic (Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes), yeast, and mold. The sensory parameters were used to determine the meat samples' shelf life. Broiler filets had a sensory shelf life of 7 to 9 days. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on the use of probiotics in broiler meat, particularly in the context of Kazakhstan. While probiotics have been studied in a variety of food products, their effect on broiler meat in Kazakhstan has yet to be investigated. As per our results, we can recommend the application of the Pro2 level for the best shelf life, microbial quality, and sensory properties.
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Study of the effect of the fermentation process on the biochemical characteristics of Vigna radiata
Статья научная
This article provides a comparative assessment of the chemical composition, the content of vitamins, minerals and amino acid composition of ordinary and fermented mung bean seeds, Vigna radiata. The seeds of Vigna radiata of the domestic selection "Zhasyl Dan" are the object of research. In order to increase the biological values of Vigna radiata seeds and improve their biochemical composition, a fermentation process was carried out. The effect of the fermentation process on the biochemical and amino acid composition of Vigna radiata seeds was studied. The fermentation process of mung bean seeds occurs due to the activation of a number of biochemical compounds and enzymes contained in the seed itself. The main substances that participate in and influence fermentation are amylases, proteases, lipases, gibberellins and other phytohormones such as auxins and cytokinins, polyphenols and antioxidants. Fermentation of Vigna radiata seeds was carried out at room temperature 200 C for 72 hours. The seeds were placed in a plastic container, then covered with drinking water also at room temperature. The water level was monitored every 12 hours. The research was carried out in the accredited testing laboratory "Regional Testing Laboratory of Engineering profile "Structural and Biochemical Materials" on the basis of M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent. As a result of the study, it was found that fermentation of Vigna radiata seeds leads to an improvement in physico-chemical properties. This is due to the strengthening of the amino acid composition of the Vigna radiata seed, especially the effect of fermentation has a positive effect on essential amino acids. It was found that as a result of fermentation, the level of essential amino acids increased in the following order: valine - by 25.4%, leucine - by 32.8%, phenylalanine - by 27.7%, threonine - by 44.9%. There was also a decrease in the indicators of anti-nutritional substances - in particular, there was a decrease in the amount of oligosaccharides. Due to the activation of the enzyme systems of the seed itself, their nutritional and biological value increases.
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Study of the effect of washing materials of workwear
Статья научная
В статье разработаны требования к спецодежде и методы решения, обусловленные необходимостью обеспечения защиты рабочих в колбасном цехе от факторов агрессивной среды, травматизма и профессиональных заболеваний. В результате исследования влияния стирки на поведение текстильных материалов установлено, что воздействие комплекса факторов, моющих средств на степень удаления загрязнений образцов ткани наибольшьший моющий эффект оказывает композиция моющих средств «мыло хозяйсвенное и порошок Миф». Исследование механических свойств образцов ткани, используемых для изготовления спецодежды, позволило выявить наиболее рациональную ткань (арт.18452), которая обеспечивает разработанной спецодежде высокие эксплуатационные свойства.
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Study of the qualitative composition of combined milk
Статья научная
The article presents the results of a study of combined milk. According to the organoleptic evaluation, combinations of cow's and mare's milk were selected in the ratio of 50:50 and 80:20, according to the revealed physico-chemical indicator, a positive evaluation of the combination of 80:20 was given. When determining the combined milk in a scanning electron microscope, an improvement in the mineral composition was observed. It was found that in the composition of combined milk, the sodium content increased by 7.38%; potassium 3.41%; chlorine 15.12% compared to natural milk.
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Study of the use of neural network in combination with graphical programs in light industry
Статья научная
Technology, currently at the peak of its development, provides an opportunity to increase the level of education of modern man. As a consequence, the development of new clothing models using neural networks is also becoming a more efficient way to optimize design processes. By applying neural networks, results can be achieved quickly and easily. Artificial intelligence empowers and optimizes work in the fashion industry: it recognizes clothes from photos, accesses virtual fitting sessions, and, without much effort, easily selects the perfect size. The program will automatically design the pattern and technically reproduce patterns by size, height and fullness. Artificial intelligence will require less creative work from the author, and the designers themselves will be able to spend more time on their creativity. The research paper utilizes Microsoft Bing to facilitate the creation of new designs for clothing patterns. It is an artificial intelligence that can be used to create images, solve problems and get new ideas. With the help of this program it is planned to create an experimental series of Kyrgyz national costumes, the details of which will be designed in the graphic program of Grafic 12 clothing designer.
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Study of urease activity in semi-finished meat products
Статья научная
Meat production is one of the fastest growing sectors of global agriculture, and poultry meat is the most accessible and expanding source of protein for people of all income levels. In connection with recent world events, such as the coronavirus pandemic, and considering its consequences, the issue of safety of "accessible" foodstuffs, among which poultry meat occupies a worthy place, is acute. For Kazakhstan, as well as for all countries, it is important to expand the range of food products that can significantly increase the immunity of the population to successfully overcome the consequences of the COVID 19 pandemic. Development of local poultry farming and import substitution are the main solutions to ensure product safety in any state. For effective development of poultry farming it is necessary to overcome one of the limiting factors - lack of modern system of safety monitoring throughout the food chain. The purpose of this work is to study the urease activity in meat semi-finished products. In this study urease activity was measured in raw and cooked meat products. As a result of the study the dependence of heat treatment with the pH index was determined. The indicator of urease activity during production allows for more detailed safety and quality assurance of meat semi-finished products.
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Study on the strength of needle-punched nonwoven material made on the basis of sole trader "Miras"
Статья научная
Coarse sheep wool and wastes from the production of woolen yarns are currently considered to be a special waste that requires large disposal costs due to low market demand. For this reason, wool has serious consequences for the environment. However, this type of raw material is considered a promising insulating natural fiber due to its thermal and acoustic properties. Moreover, wool meets the requirements of environmentally friendly materials that are used for yurts, insulation of buildings, and acoustic insulation for the automotive industry. Nevertheless, the sustainability and energy efficiency of insulation materials are currently evaluated comprehensively. In this context, the correctness of the composition of nonwoven fabric, its thickness and strength characteristics, as well as the number of layers play an important role. The purpose of this work is to study the relationship between strength characteristics and thickness, as well as the number of layers in nonwovens made of 100 % wool mixed with coarse and fine fibers, and to determine the most optimal variant of insulating nonwovens. 4 samples of one, two, three and four-layered materials were used in the study. The tested samples of insulating materials were evaluated according to the parameters of breaking load, strength and elongation. The results of the research showed that with an increase in the number of layers of material, there is an increase in the tested two indicators: breaking load and strength. The elongation rates were uneven. Consequently, by examining all three parameters, it was found that the best option is a three-layered nonwoven material.
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Статья научная
In the Republic of Kazakhstan, pressing of flax seeds (squeezing) is most often used, therefore cake is more common than meal and its resulting physical reserves exceed meal several times. The biochemical characteristics of the protein complex of flaxseed have not been sufficiently studied, which, in our opinion, limits the use of protein products obtained from flax seeds such as flaxseed cake in the production of compound feed for farm animals and poultry. The article presents studies of the protein complex and amino acid composition of flaxseed cake of the Kazakhstan variety “Kostanay 11”. Flaxseed cake contains 36,5% protein, the fat content is 7,5%. The fractional composition of flaxseed cake was compared with the flax varieties “Northern” and “Golden” grown in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The amino acid composition of flaxseed cake was compared with other cakes used in feeding farm animals and poultry. The purpose of the study is to study the fractional composition of the protein complex of flaxseed cake from flax variety "Kostanay 11". A characteristic feature of the protein complex of flax seeds is the high total content of water- and salt-soluble proteins - albumins 29,2% and globulins 16,8%, which are considered well digestible. Flaxseed cake from flax variety "Kostanay 11" in its amino acid value is equal to the known cakes common in feed production and is second only to soybean cake. This allows us to assert that flaxseed cake obtained from the seeds of the “Kostanay 11” variety remained a highly digestible and highly nutritious product in terms of protein absorption, suitable for its inclusion in the diets of all types of farm animals and poultry, starting with feed for young animals.
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Studying the quality indicators of acrylic paints with suede effect decorated in youth clothing
Статья научная
The article provides a comparative analysis of the types of national patterns in the formation and decoration of modern youth clothing. In the preparation of modern youth clothing, the structure and use of “tórt qulaq,” “qus qanaty,” and “óńirjıek” ornaments among the national ornaments of the Kazakh people were substantiated. According to the analysis results, the study used the methods of artistic decoration of national elements with volumetric acrylic paints, decorating with an artistic painting of ornaments of a collection of modern youth clothing formed. We studied the influence of dyeing textile materials of mixed composition with acrylic paints and the quality indicators of test samples decoratively decorated with acrylic paints on textile materials. When decoratively finishing brushed “poker with fleece” fabric with “Decola” acrylic paint, applying the paint to the test sample created difficulties. As a result, we discovered that the paint did not lie smoothly on the fabric’s surface. Test samples of the “milana” suit fabric and raincoat material using “Pebeo acrylic paint with suede effect” acquired a 3D volume. We studied the color fastness of washing test samples, and high-quality indicators of color fastness with artistic ornamental finishing in 3D volumes were obtained for the material “raincoat” and the suiting fabric “milana.” When studying the performance of test samples in terms of hygroscopic properties, the raincoat material had a higher waterproof rating, and the “milana” suit fabric had a lower waterproof rating. As a result of the hygroscopic properties of materials, in the manufacture of a collection of youth clothing, “milana” suit fabric was used, and the decorative detail of the “back yoke” was made of raincoat material with a high waterproof rating. As a result of the study, the ornaments will be decorated with artistic painting with “Pebeo acrylic paint suede effect” with 3D volume and made of “rain-coat” material and suiting fabric “milana” to create a collection of modern youth clothing. The artistic and decorative design of the clothing collection with 3D volumetric ornaments was formed, and modern clothing models that meet the tastes of youth, fashion trends, and market requirements were developed.
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Studying various methods for determining residual lignin in bast fibers
Статья научная
This paper investigates and compares various methods for determining residual lignin in industrial hemp. Lignin is a complex polymer that is one of the main components of plant cell walls, which gives rigidity and strength to the plant structure. For industrial hemp, which is used in the industry for the production of paper, fabrics and other products, it is important to control the residual lignin content, since its excess can affect the quality of the final product and processing processes. When determining residual lignin, the influence of various factors such as time, bath module and temperature is assessed, and a regression equation is determined. The study experimentally compares several methods for determining residual lignin using acid and alkali to remove primary lignin, including 72% sulfuric acid and 2% hydrochloric acid. The obtained data are presented in a tabular state, analyzed, graphs are made for full and single-factor regression. The main objective of this work is to identify the most accurate, reliable and effective method for determining residual lignin in industrial hemp, which can be used in industry for quality control and optimization of production processes. The results of the study can be useful for enterprises engaged in hemp processing, as well as for scientific laboratories studying the properties of industrial plants.
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Synthesis of heterocyclic bromacetylene alcohols and their acryl -, methacryl ethers
Статья научная
The article presents a method for obtaining heterocyclic bromoacetylenic alcohols by the action of sodium hypobromide on cyclic and heterocyclic acetylene alcohols, as well as their acrylic and methacrylic esters using lithium aluminum complexes. The composition and structure of the obtained products were confirmed by the data of elemental analysis, IR and PMR spectra. As a result of the study, it was found that in the presence of lithium aluminum hydride, the product yield in all cases is higher than 80 %.
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Статья научная
This article presents the results of studies of synthesis of copper nanoparticles in an aqueous medium in the presence of PVP. The influence of the molar ratio of reactants, pH, temperature, the process of synthesizing nanoparticles of copper was studied. Obtained hydrosols examined spectrophotometrically in the wavelength range from 400 to 800 nm («JENWAY»). The Hydrosol on the basis of copper nanoparticles open up the possibility of using them to obtain various materials with antibacterial properties.
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Technology of processing cattle bones into meat and bone paste and the study of quality indicators
Статья научная
Bone disposal is one of the important tasks for modern meat processing enterprises aimed at responsible consumption and reducing the amount of food waste in the meat industry. The purpose of the study is to study the physico-chemical, microbiological and food safety indicators of the obtained meat and bone paste. The paper presents the technology of processing cattle bones into meat and bone paste. Physico-chemical analyses were carried out, a protein content of more than 10 g, fat of more than 6 g, carbohydrates of less than 1 g was detected per 100 g. Microbiological studies and analysis of the food safety of meat and bone paste carried out on the basis of accredited laboratories according to GOST methods prove that meat and bone paste meets the requirements for meat products. The content of QMA&OAMO is less than 1*105 CFU/g, the content of bacteria of the E. coli group was not detected. The technology of obtaining meat and bone paste from the rib bones of cattle has been studied. Microstructural analysis revealed the presence of bone plates with a size of up to 1 mm. Thus, according to the technology of bone processing, a meat and bone paste was obtained suitable for use in the technology of meat products for the purpose of enrichment with mineral and protein substances. The need for deeper grinding of bone particles was found.
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The activity of enzymes associated with aspartate synthesis of wheat at stress conditions
Статья научная
In this work were measured MDH-GOT activities in wheat leaves and grain, in the case of wheat in varieties with differing degrees of tolerance to drought stress and rust infections, growing under normal and stress conditions. We have carried out modifications and optimisations of protein extraction methods for wheat grain and wheat leaf. In this study, a high level of aspartate synthesis of drought stressed plants and rust infected wheat leaves were shown with MDH-GOT assay. We recommend using the activity of EC as enzyme marker for selection of the tolerant genotypes to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Статья научная
Scientific novelty of work is presented in the form of definition of the main options of measurement of ways of leakage of current and air gaps at research of safety of electric toys. Practical value is represented by the offered optimum scheme of measurement. Safety requirements belong to electric characteristics of toys with a rated voltage of food up to 24B. Results of work can be usedwhen carrying out standardization and certification of electric toys.
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The calculation of technological effort for impact perforation and parts and products marking
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the calculation of technological effort for impact perforation and parts and products marking in mechanical engineering and light industry, the development of devise with two-coordinate movement system. The analytical expressions that bind together the technological effort, properties of the material, instrument parameters and the implementation speed of the operation are obtained during this research. The results of the study can be used to design the device or calculate the technological effort, necessary for the implementation of mentioned operations.
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The development of biotechnological approaches for decontamination of heavy metal pollution
Статья научная
In the course of experiments developed cell selection and received promising alfalfa cell lines thatcan be recommended as source material for plantgipperakkumulator of heavy metals.
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The development of new method for producing dry kumis powder
Статья научная
Kumis is a fermented dairy product traditionally made from mare's milk. Kumis is widely known as medical and highly nourishing beverage received during lactic and ethanol fermentation of mare's milk. But the kumis is still a seasonal product, in winter the mares are not milked. Lactation of mares usually lasts 5-7 months. At the same time it can not be stored for a long period, during 3-4 days sours and becomes unfit for consumption. Therefore, one of the major problems in kumis production is obtaining kumis with extended shelf life. The objects of study are mare's milk and kumis.
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The effectiveness of the waste water purification anion
Статья научная
This article studies the influence of various factors on the sorption of chromium ions in the new anion exchangers Cybber AX 400 and Cybeer ALH 220. The degree of extraction of chromium ions from an aqueous solution on anion exchangers studied is 99,2%.
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