Вестник Алматинского технологического университета @vestnik-atu
Статьи журнала - Вестник Алматинского технологического университета
Все статьи: 1251
Safety research of textile materials with flame retardant properties
Статья научная
This article discusses the findings of a study that explored the use of new compositions containing tetraethoxysilane, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and hexamethylenediamine to improve the flame retardancy of cellulose fiber materials. The impact of different components and temperatures on the fire-resistant properties of the fabric was examined. In an untreated sample measuring 17*22 cm, ignition occurred in 15 seconds and the fabric burned completely within 60 seconds, whereas a treated sample showed signs of retardation. Increasing the concentration of flame retardant impregnation at a temperature of 150 degrees had minimal effects on the material's strength, air permeability, and appearance. With the help of electron scanning device it was found that on the surface of the fibers of the treated sample morphological changes were observed in the form of film, which in turn contain particles of Si (25.48%), P (17.61%), Na (1.70%). The optimum conditions of fabric processing are determined, the influence of concentration of working solution, impregnation and thermofixation temperature on flame retardant properties of fabrics investigated, also processing can be carried out on standard equipment of finishing enterprises and laboratories. Cotton materials treated with a compound based on tetraethoxysilane, sodium dihydrophosphate and hexamethylenediamine provides adequate fire resistance.
Бесплатно
Sausage meat product enriched by jida
Статья научная
The development strategy aimed at creating the independence of the use of our raw materials by domestic meat producers is currently achieving the following goals: building modern production facilities and introducing new primary and processing technologies; expanding the assortment of meat products. The scientific research works carried out during the development of technology for the production of meat products by replacing a certain amount of beef or chicken with vegetable raw materials are important. Production of meat products based on these raw materials allows effective use of local raw materials, production of functional products and expansion of the range of meat products. The purpose of the study is to consider the features of the production technology of sausage meat product enriched with jida. The article presents the processing of the meat product production technology by enriching its composition with raw materials of vegetable origin - jida powder and the analysis of the mineral content of the finished product. The research work was carried out at the "Food Engineering" department of the M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University and at the "Construction and Biochemical Materials" regional test laboratory of engineering profile. Raster electron microscope (REM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods were used to determine the amount of mineral substances in meat products - sausage. The specialty of this work is the technology of product production using vegetable raw materials to enrich the content of meat products - sausages with minerals. Vegetable raw material - jida powder, by using it in the production of functional meat products, enriches the mineral content of meat products, and also by replacing a small part of meat raw materials, contributes to increasing the yield of the product. Jida powder is a vegetable raw material that is soluble in cold water and rich in dietary fiber, vitamin C, flavonoids and organic acids and does not cause losses in the production of food product. Jida powder production technology consists of: cleaning berries from dust and impuri[1]ties (passing them through a sorting fan); crushing (optimal duration of berry crushing in the IV-1 crusher τ= 52-65 sec, rotation speed of the working body 12000 rpm); drying (dry in the sun for fruits with a high sugar content).
Бесплатно
Silvering and coppering of chemically inert textile materials by means of wet-chemical process
Статья научная
The development of the wet-chemical silvering and coppering method on inert fiber surfaces and a number of usable materials (silver, copper and others) allows fabrication of several textile structures with functional characteristics. In order to analyse the silver and copper coating characteristics such as structure, homogeneity and crack formation, the surface morphology (SM) was investigated using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical structuring of the surfaces (amount of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, silicium, copper and silver) is analysed with an energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Phase formation and crystalline properties of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) with a Cu-Kα radiation reflection geometry source. Furthermore, textile-chemical analyses for the wash fastness were carried out as well.
Бесплатно
Stress and deformation of polymeric parts at torsion
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the mathematical modeling of the process of torsion of polymer parts. The purpose of the study is to determine the stresses and strains that occur during the operation of parts under the action of torque. In this work, analytical expressions were obtained that establish the dependence of the stresses arising in a polymeric part and its angle of twist on the magnitude of the operational loads. The results of the study can be used in the design of polymer parts of shoes, as well as in the calculation of various plastic parts that work in torsion.
Бесплатно
Studies of functional properties of fruits of wild plants of Kazakhstan
Статья научная
The purpose of this work is to justify the choice of wild plants of Kazakhstan (rosehip, sea buckthorn, hawthorn) based on the study of their chemical composition and safety, in order to expand the raw material base and the possibility of using them in the technology of functional foods. As a result of the study of the chemical composition of hawthorn, rosehip and sea buckthorn fruits it was found that the content of vitamin C in hawthorn fruits is 27.8 mg, in rosehip fruits - 578.01 mg, in sea buckthorn fruits - 285.05 mg per 100 g of product. The content of vitamin E is 7.8; 1.8; 3.18mg, β-carotene - 9.27; 2.7 and 2.13 mg, dietary fiber - 7.2; 12.28; 2.24 g. The content of potassium in hawthorn fruit is 14.72 mg, in rosehip fruit - 26.18 mg, in sea buckthorn fruit - 197.18 mg per 100 g of the product. The iron content is 0.05; 1.7; 1.14 mg, Zn - 0.08; 0.23 and 0.004 mg, respectively. According to safety indicators, the studied plants meet the requirements of the regulatory documents. As a result of research on the nutritional value and safety of fruits of wild plants, the expediency of using them in the production of functional food products has been substantiated.
Бесплатно
Study of design of traditional shoulder clothes of peoples of Central Asia and Kazakhstan
Статья научная
In the article, constructive solutions of traditional shoulder clothes of the peoples of Central Asia and Kazakhstan is considered.It is revealed that the principle of constructing the design of shapan and shirt is common for the peoples of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, and the number and configuration of the details of the cut allows them to be presented as a set of modular elements. The dimensions of the module were influenced by the overall dimensions of the human body and the width of the fabriс.The data for building a unit of the cut module will improve the quality and shorten the process of designing traditional and stylized clothes.
Бесплатно
Study of functional properties of pectin-containing koumiss
Статья научная
The article describes a method for obtaining traditional koumiss and provides a scheme for preparing pectin-containing koumiss. It was found that due to the addition of liquid Apple pectin in the studied form of koumiss, there is a significant excess of vitamin C and protein content in comparison with traditional koumiss. Preclinical experiments were conducted on laboratory white rats with cadmium intoxication in order to identify the detoxification properties and safety of the obtained pectin-containing koumiss. It is shown that pectin containing koumiss had a positive effect on blood parameters and contributed to improving the general condition of the studied animals, which allows using this type of koumiss as a functional therapeutic and prophylactic drug for poisoned with heavy metals living organisms.
Бесплатно
Study of noise protection properties of materials and clothes packages
Статья научная
The work is devoted to the study of the noise-protective ability of textile materials used for special clothing. An installation has been developed that allows measuring the noise level passing through the materials. Depending on the number of layers of materials, comparative evaluations of noise-protective capacity are determined. The research method allows to reasonably choose materials of special clothes for those working in noise-polluted conditions.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article considered the effective issues of preparing a set of quality of special clothes for express delivery courier service, strengthening corporate culture and promoting the brand. The special uniform of the employees ensures the reputation and reliability of the service companies, which increases the professional image of the service. A special uniform, made of textured materials mixed with corporate colors, allows customers to immediately identify the field of service, increases its recognition in this field and the loyalty of its work. In the preparation of express delivery courier clothing sets, mixed textured materials were selected and the wear resistance, non-cracking and friction resistance properties of the various materials package met the specified index requirements, the state technical regulatory committee analyzed the standard indicators in the test samples. The multi-functional express delivery courier clothing set prepared according to the requirements of modern fashion has the importance of creating a new composition of the suit in new constructive and artistic solutions for each season, making the transformation of the courier clothing according to the function impossible. On the basis of the above-mentioned factors, courier clothing is transformed according to the service. A set of clothes prepared with reflective elements ensures the safety of the courier (front waist, back waist, sleeves, trouser seams). Courier's special work clothes made from a package of mixed textured materials, express delivery set is easy to service and meets operational requirements, its shape allows comfortable operation in any weather without hindering movement and extends the service life.
Бесплатно
Study of storage ability of curd dessert with addition of vegetable raw materials
Статья научная
The paper presents data on study of storage of curd dessert. The composition of product was varied to improve organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters and increase storage capacity. The process of product production involves mixing curd product with ingredients (hawthorn, apricot, carrot juice). Studied organoleptic characteristics of finished products during refrigerated storage.However, on ninth day taste deteriorated, acidity increased. Studies of microbiological indicators are presented. As result of storage on the ninth day, presence of mold was detected.The results of analyzes show that shelf life of new dessert is seven days at (4±2)°C.
Бесплатно
Study of the effect of probiotics on the shelf life of chilled broiler meat
Статья научная
Poultry meat can be contaminated with a wide range of microorganisms, including those that can spoil the product during chill storage and certain foodborne pathogens. This study aims to investigate the effect of probiotics on the shelf life of shilled broiler meat. The object of the study was fresh broiler meat obtained from broiler chickens fed three different amounts of probiotics, which were isolated from shubat and koumiss. For the control group, birds were fed a basal diet (BD) and drinking water (DW). Chicks in the experimental groups were fed by BD, DW, and probiotics 0.25 mL, 0.5 mL, and 1.0 mL per bird (groups Pro1, Pro2, and Pro3, respectively), for 42 days. Following slaughter, the filets were packed aerobically and stored in temperature-controlled conditions at 4±2ºC. Microbial examinations of meat quality included QMAFAnM, BGKP, pathogenic (Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes), yeast, and mold. The sensory parameters were used to determine the meat samples' shelf life. Broiler filets had a sensory shelf life of 7 to 9 days. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on the use of probiotics in broiler meat, particularly in the context of Kazakhstan. While probiotics have been studied in a variety of food products, their effect on broiler meat in Kazakhstan has yet to be investigated. As per our results, we can recommend the application of the Pro2 level for the best shelf life, microbial quality, and sensory properties.
Бесплатно
Study of the effect of the fermentation process on the biochemical characteristics of Vigna radiata
Статья научная
This article provides a comparative assessment of the chemical composition, the content of vitamins, minerals and amino acid composition of ordinary and fermented mung bean seeds, Vigna radiata. The seeds of Vigna radiata of the domestic selection "Zhasyl Dan" are the object of research. In order to increase the biological values of Vigna radiata seeds and improve their biochemical composition, a fermentation process was carried out. The effect of the fermentation process on the biochemical and amino acid composition of Vigna radiata seeds was studied. The fermentation process of mung bean seeds occurs due to the activation of a number of biochemical compounds and enzymes contained in the seed itself. The main substances that participate in and influence fermentation are amylases, proteases, lipases, gibberellins and other phytohormones such as auxins and cytokinins, polyphenols and antioxidants. Fermentation of Vigna radiata seeds was carried out at room temperature 200 C for 72 hours. The seeds were placed in a plastic container, then covered with drinking water also at room temperature. The water level was monitored every 12 hours. The research was carried out in the accredited testing laboratory "Regional Testing Laboratory of Engineering profile "Structural and Biochemical Materials" on the basis of M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent. As a result of the study, it was found that fermentation of Vigna radiata seeds leads to an improvement in physico-chemical properties. This is due to the strengthening of the amino acid composition of the Vigna radiata seed, especially the effect of fermentation has a positive effect on essential amino acids. It was found that as a result of fermentation, the level of essential amino acids increased in the following order: valine - by 25.4%, leucine - by 32.8%, phenylalanine - by 27.7%, threonine - by 44.9%. There was also a decrease in the indicators of anti-nutritional substances - in particular, there was a decrease in the amount of oligosaccharides. Due to the activation of the enzyme systems of the seed itself, their nutritional and biological value increases.
Бесплатно
Study of the effect of washing materials of workwear
Статья научная
В статье разработаны требования к спецодежде и методы решения, обусловленные необходимостью обеспечения защиты рабочих в колбасном цехе от факторов агрессивной среды, травматизма и профессиональных заболеваний. В результате исследования влияния стирки на поведение текстильных материалов установлено, что воздействие комплекса факторов, моющих средств на степень удаления загрязнений образцов ткани наибольшьший моющий эффект оказывает композиция моющих средств «мыло хозяйсвенное и порошок Миф». Исследование механических свойств образцов ткани, используемых для изготовления спецодежды, позволило выявить наиболее рациональную ткань (арт.18452), которая обеспечивает разработанной спецодежде высокие эксплуатационные свойства.
Бесплатно
Study of the qualitative composition of combined milk
Статья научная
The article presents the results of a study of combined milk. According to the organoleptic evaluation, combinations of cow's and mare's milk were selected in the ratio of 50:50 and 80:20, according to the revealed physico-chemical indicator, a positive evaluation of the combination of 80:20 was given. When determining the combined milk in a scanning electron microscope, an improvement in the mineral composition was observed. It was found that in the composition of combined milk, the sodium content increased by 7.38%; potassium 3.41%; chlorine 15.12% compared to natural milk.
Бесплатно
Study of the use of neural network in combination with graphical programs in light industry
Статья научная
Technology, currently at the peak of its development, provides an opportunity to increase the level of education of modern man. As a consequence, the development of new clothing models using neural networks is also becoming a more efficient way to optimize design processes. By applying neural networks, results can be achieved quickly and easily. Artificial intelligence empowers and optimizes work in the fashion industry: it recognizes clothes from photos, accesses virtual fitting sessions, and, without much effort, easily selects the perfect size. The program will automatically design the pattern and technically reproduce patterns by size, height and fullness. Artificial intelligence will require less creative work from the author, and the designers themselves will be able to spend more time on their creativity. The research paper utilizes Microsoft Bing to facilitate the creation of new designs for clothing patterns. It is an artificial intelligence that can be used to create images, solve problems and get new ideas. With the help of this program it is planned to create an experimental series of Kyrgyz national costumes, the details of which will be designed in the graphic program of Grafic 12 clothing designer.
Бесплатно
Study of urease activity in semi-finished meat products
Статья научная
Meat production is one of the fastest growing sectors of global agriculture, and poultry meat is the most accessible and expanding source of protein for people of all income levels. In connection with recent world events, such as the coronavirus pandemic, and considering its consequences, the issue of safety of "accessible" foodstuffs, among which poultry meat occupies a worthy place, is acute. For Kazakhstan, as well as for all countries, it is important to expand the range of food products that can significantly increase the immunity of the population to successfully overcome the consequences of the COVID 19 pandemic. Development of local poultry farming and import substitution are the main solutions to ensure product safety in any state. For effective development of poultry farming it is necessary to overcome one of the limiting factors - lack of modern system of safety monitoring throughout the food chain. The purpose of this work is to study the urease activity in meat semi-finished products. In this study urease activity was measured in raw and cooked meat products. As a result of the study the dependence of heat treatment with the pH index was determined. The indicator of urease activity during production allows for more detailed safety and quality assurance of meat semi-finished products.
Бесплатно
Study on the strength of needle-punched nonwoven material made on the basis of sole trader "Miras"
Статья научная
Coarse sheep wool and wastes from the production of woolen yarns are currently considered to be a special waste that requires large disposal costs due to low market demand. For this reason, wool has serious consequences for the environment. However, this type of raw material is considered a promising insulating natural fiber due to its thermal and acoustic properties. Moreover, wool meets the requirements of environmentally friendly materials that are used for yurts, insulation of buildings, and acoustic insulation for the automotive industry. Nevertheless, the sustainability and energy efficiency of insulation materials are currently evaluated comprehensively. In this context, the correctness of the composition of nonwoven fabric, its thickness and strength characteristics, as well as the number of layers play an important role. The purpose of this work is to study the relationship between strength characteristics and thickness, as well as the number of layers in nonwovens made of 100 % wool mixed with coarse and fine fibers, and to determine the most optimal variant of insulating nonwovens. 4 samples of one, two, three and four-layered materials were used in the study. The tested samples of insulating materials were evaluated according to the parameters of breaking load, strength and elongation. The results of the research showed that with an increase in the number of layers of material, there is an increase in the tested two indicators: breaking load and strength. The elongation rates were uneven. Consequently, by examining all three parameters, it was found that the best option is a three-layered nonwoven material.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
In the Republic of Kazakhstan, pressing of flax seeds (squeezing) is most often used, therefore cake is more common than meal and its resulting physical reserves exceed meal several times. The biochemical characteristics of the protein complex of flaxseed have not been sufficiently studied, which, in our opinion, limits the use of protein products obtained from flax seeds such as flaxseed cake in the production of compound feed for farm animals and poultry. The article presents studies of the protein complex and amino acid composition of flaxseed cake of the Kazakhstan variety “Kostanay 11”. Flaxseed cake contains 36,5% protein, the fat content is 7,5%. The fractional composition of flaxseed cake was compared with the flax varieties “Northern” and “Golden” grown in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The amino acid composition of flaxseed cake was compared with other cakes used in feeding farm animals and poultry. The purpose of the study is to study the fractional composition of the protein complex of flaxseed cake from flax variety "Kostanay 11". A characteristic feature of the protein complex of flax seeds is the high total content of water- and salt-soluble proteins - albumins 29,2% and globulins 16,8%, which are considered well digestible. Flaxseed cake from flax variety "Kostanay 11" in its amino acid value is equal to the known cakes common in feed production and is second only to soybean cake. This allows us to assert that flaxseed cake obtained from the seeds of the “Kostanay 11” variety remained a highly digestible and highly nutritious product in terms of protein absorption, suitable for its inclusion in the diets of all types of farm animals and poultry, starting with feed for young animals.
Бесплатно
Studying the quality indicators of acrylic paints with suede effect decorated in youth clothing
Статья научная
The article provides a comparative analysis of the types of national patterns in the formation and decoration of modern youth clothing. In the preparation of modern youth clothing, the structure and use of “tórt qulaq,” “qus qanaty,” and “óńirjıek” ornaments among the national ornaments of the Kazakh people were substantiated. According to the analysis results, the study used the methods of artistic decoration of national elements with volumetric acrylic paints, decorating with an artistic painting of ornaments of a collection of modern youth clothing formed. We studied the influence of dyeing textile materials of mixed composition with acrylic paints and the quality indicators of test samples decoratively decorated with acrylic paints on textile materials. When decoratively finishing brushed “poker with fleece” fabric with “Decola” acrylic paint, applying the paint to the test sample created difficulties. As a result, we discovered that the paint did not lie smoothly on the fabric’s surface. Test samples of the “milana” suit fabric and raincoat material using “Pebeo acrylic paint with suede effect” acquired a 3D volume. We studied the color fastness of washing test samples, and high-quality indicators of color fastness with artistic ornamental finishing in 3D volumes were obtained for the material “raincoat” and the suiting fabric “milana.” When studying the performance of test samples in terms of hygroscopic properties, the raincoat material had a higher waterproof rating, and the “milana” suit fabric had a lower waterproof rating. As a result of the hygroscopic properties of materials, in the manufacture of a collection of youth clothing, “milana” suit fabric was used, and the decorative detail of the “back yoke” was made of raincoat material with a high waterproof rating. As a result of the study, the ornaments will be decorated with artistic painting with “Pebeo acrylic paint suede effect” with 3D volume and made of “rain-coat” material and suiting fabric “milana” to create a collection of modern youth clothing. The artistic and decorative design of the clothing collection with 3D volumetric ornaments was formed, and modern clothing models that meet the tastes of youth, fashion trends, and market requirements were developed.
Бесплатно
Studying various methods for determining residual lignin in bast fibers
Статья научная
This paper investigates and compares various methods for determining residual lignin in industrial hemp. Lignin is a complex polymer that is one of the main components of plant cell walls, which gives rigidity and strength to the plant structure. For industrial hemp, which is used in the industry for the production of paper, fabrics and other products, it is important to control the residual lignin content, since its excess can affect the quality of the final product and processing processes. When determining residual lignin, the influence of various factors such as time, bath module and temperature is assessed, and a regression equation is determined. The study experimentally compares several methods for determining residual lignin using acid and alkali to remove primary lignin, including 72% sulfuric acid and 2% hydrochloric acid. The obtained data are presented in a tabular state, analyzed, graphs are made for full and single-factor regression. The main objective of this work is to identify the most accurate, reliable and effective method for determining residual lignin in industrial hemp, which can be used in industry for quality control and optimization of production processes. The results of the study can be useful for enterprises engaged in hemp processing, as well as for scientific laboratories studying the properties of industrial plants.
Бесплатно
