Статьи журнала - Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия: Компьютерные технологии, управление, радиоэлектроника
Все статьи: 1059
Application of fuzzy logic to assess banks' credit risk
Статья научная
The banking system is a constantly evolving system. The information environment of the bank is growing, the volumes of processed information are increasing due to the growth of users and banking products. To reduce risks, banks make a financial assessment of the situation of individuals and legal entities. The aim of the work is to develop fuzzy multi-connected models designed to predict the receipt of a positive or negative decision to receive a banking product. The decision is made based on scoring. Scoring consists in assigning points for completing a certain questionnaire developed by underwriters of credit risk assessors. Based on the results of the points gained, the system automatically makes a decision on approving or refusing to issue a loan. Different banks have different scoring models. Purpose of the study. The paper considers the use of fuzzy models for making a decision by a bank to issue a banking product that implements the concept of “soft computing”. Methods. The use of fuzzy logic methods in credit scoring is not new, but it is not widely used in practice because it is expensive to integrate into existing systems. Each bank uses its own indicators of the client's financial reliability in scoring. Most of the indicators in banks are the same, but when deciding to issue different banking products, they have different numerical values. The data of the standard scoring methodology of a real bank were taken as the initial data. To predict a bank's decision to issue a banking product to a client, a fuzzy model was applied, production rules were proposed, and membership functions were determined. The model focused on the simultaneous processing of incoming data from multiple clients and for different banks and different scoring models. Results. The developed mathematical model for assessing the client's rating and predicting the decision to receive a banking product based on the fuzzy inference rule. The obtained results are proposed to be used in a multi-banking web-oriented system of providing banking products to corporate clients.
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Application of the neural network for recognition of artificially generated images
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This article investigated the use of a neural network with back propagation for pattern recognition. The basic technique of neural network training is revealed. An artificial system was created to generate values similar to standard, rotated at different angles. An experiment was conducted during which it was established that a neural network can be trained on artificial examples (images), and then used for analysis of reference values.
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Applying bio-inspired algorithms to routing problem solution in FANET
Статья научная
The advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) development provide new opportunities for their civil application. UAVs are an integral part of the scientific research nowadays. UAVs implementation requires that a group of interacting UAVs takes part in the task completion. Organizing a multi-UAV network calls for special routing algorithms developed with due concern of their features. The article gives a brief review of the existing routing algorithms for ad hoc networks based on swarm intelligence. The test analysis has been carried out proving that bio-inspired algorithms can be effectively applied to solve the routing problem in FANET networks. This has been proved on the example of BeeAdHoc and AntHocNet, modeling the natural behavior of bees and ants.
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Статья научная
This article focuses on the issues of the practical application of the principles of business process reengineering during the implementation of the project on improvement of the automated system for operational control at the foundry of PJSC “UEC-UMPO” (Public Joint Stock Company “UEC-Ufa Engine Industrial Association”) during the introduction of ERP Infor LN. The essence of the application of the principles of “development of various versions of the project”, and “rationalization of horizontal links” is described in more detail. Application of the principle “development of various versions of the business processes” enables to implementation accounting of the division of one batch of castings into several parts during technological operations. Application of the principle “rationalization of horizontal links” creates the conditions for the formation of common information space for foundry management. This space is related to engineering design issues, process engineering issues, and issues of implementation and management of production processes. Even though reengineering involves “revolutionary” business process change, the use of its principles in the evolutionary path of development is also economically effective and at the same time reduces the risks of project failure. Thus, a simulation of the business process of management of finishing operations during the manufacture of castings performed in BPMN 2.0 showed a reduction in the duration of the processes by more than 15 %. Aim. Building a foundry management model in a single information space of the enterprise using the principles of reengineering business processes in the aspect of the management of finished operations. Materials and methods. The application of the principles of reengineering business processes to the management of finishing operations in the foundry, BPMN-modeling. Results. With the application of the principle of rationalization of horizontal connections, it becomes possible to transmit data from the ERP system to the CAD system and vice versa. A single information space of enterprise management is formed, which allows you to bring together all management functions. Conclusion. In this regard, it becomes possible to identify “narrow” places in the management of the foundry and take measures to eliminate them. To increase the level of information exchange between all divisions of the enterprise, which will create a closed production control circuit and will significantly increase the efficiency of using Infor LN.
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Approach to educational course comparison using natural language processing techniques
Статья научная
As numbers of educational programmes and courses grow, the need for a method of comparison becomes apparent. In this paper we discuss the overall state of education data mining, the variety of document types and formats used for educational content and propose the combined similarity measure for educational course programmes, Our proposed similarity measure uses three most important in our opinion elements of course programmes - course descriptions, educational results of the course and the structure of the educational course. We describe our approach to calculate similarity for each of this component pairs as well as provide primary experimental results and their evaluation using mean average precision metric.
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Asymptotic behavior of a delay differential model in population dynamics
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Considered a scalar nonlinear delay differential equation of the certain species, for which suf-ficient conditions for oscillation of all solutions and asymptotical stability of the positive equilibrium are obtained.
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The article is devoted to the explanation of the role of averaging and mixing in applied problems in technology and economics. The article provides the examples of applied problems solved at the Mathematical Programming Department of the N.N. Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics and at the department of Econometrics and Statistics of the Graduate School of Economics and Management of the Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Eltsin. These are the problems in geology, mining and metallurgy, placement and development of enterprises which were traditionally solved in the Urals. Besides, the problems in planning and operational management at ore-dressing and processing enterprises were solved. A new wave of operational management at enterprises started at the beginning of 2000’s should be noted. This operational management applied the committee method. Being mathematicians, we specified certain inaccuracies in publications made before 1990 on this subject. It is noteworthy that the principal performers of this research - the research workers of the Mathematical Programming Department - were awarded with the medals of Exhibitions of Economic Achievements of USSR. The set of research done by N. Bourbaki’s seminar participants was devoted to averaging and mixing. In general, the research performed at the Mathematical Programming Department and in N. Bourbaki’s seminar provided a better understanding of material averaging and activity combination processes. Modern applied research requires a more detailed solution substantiation in terms of pragmatics that was also noted in the article. When solving these problems a method of committee construction was applied. This is also a fundamentally important approach to solving incompletely formalized problems of optimal decisions.
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Blockchain technology and the possibilities of its use
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Introduction. With the development of digital technology, most familiar processes are changing. Without information technology, it is already impossible to imagine either medicine or the field of education. Big data and artificial intelligence come to almost every area of society, everything around is becoming “smart”. According to the forecasts of the participants of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, held in 2019, the global market for products using artificial intelligence and advanced information technologies can grow by almost 17 times by 2024. A national strategy for the development of technologies in the field of artificial intelligence and information technologies has been prepared in the Russian Federation, and a detailed action plan has been integrated into the national program “Digital Economy”. Digitalization today covers almost all aspects of the interaction of the citizen and business with authorities. Digitalization of business processes takes place, technologies are introduced into the activities of industrial enterprises, in the organization of public services and financial institutions. Aim. Consider the technology of blockchain, its origin, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the possibilities and prospects of using this technology. Materials and methods. As part of the materials and methods, one should point to an analysis of the theoretical foundations of the blockchain technology, the practical results of its implementation and use in various fields of activity: from public life to business. Since it is blockchain technology that occupies a special place among the promising information technologies and is increasingly used in business, as well as government, and will undoubtedly affect the familiar picture of the world, how the Internet has changed the world of information exchange in its time. Results. The article makes an attempt to assess the origin, current state, the possibilities of using blockchain technology, as well as its impact on traditional business processes and socio-economic transformation as a result of the digitalization process. Conclusion. It is believed that blockchain technology can be a real breakthrough in the field of finance, secure databases and the reliability of certain facts. For the largest foreign and domestic companies, this is not just a concept from an approximate future, but now it is part of the business, and the future life of society as a whole depends on how well it is to use and manage blockchain technology.
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Статья научная
The guarantee of safe work with information and measuring systems is the implementation of necessary measures that minimize all existing risks, taking into account their degree of influence on safety. These requirements are determined by the need to take into account all risks and interests involved in the implementation of new information technologies. The purpose of the study is to build models for creating and evaluating the effectiveness of systems that provide security when working with information and measurement systems on the basis of a systematic approach to taking into account the impact of risks. To determine the necessary set of measures to ensure security, a model for creating a security system was built. To take into account the interests of all those involved in the process of implementing new information technologies, a model for assessing the effectiveness of the security system has been built. The requirements for the creation and evaluation of the security system are fulfilled by attracting representatives of all the new information technologies involved in the implementation process to the expert group. The example of Chelyabinsk CHPP-2, which operates an automated system of integrated energy accounting, describes the process of building models for creating and evaluating the effectiveness of systems that provide security when working with information and measurement systems. The developed algorithm and the design program of the system providing safety when working with information and measuring systems have made it possible to increase the effectiveness of measures to ensure safe operation at Chelyabinsk CHPP-2. This program will be implemented at energy-intensive enterprises in Chelyabinsk.
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Calculation of the directional pattern of the electric radiator near the circular cylinder
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Calculation of radiation pattern of the electrical radiator over a circular cylinder is presented. Radiation pattern of the electrical radiator taking into account influence of circular cylinder is calculated by the method of mirrorings. The received results of calculation were compared to the results found by the numerical method in strict electrodynamic problem definition. Theoretical results are in good quantitative compliance with the experimental ones. The offered method allows to calculate radiation pattern of the electrical radiator over a circular cylinder quite simple.
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Comparative assessment of the housing reproduction efficiency at the regional level
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The article describes the testing method of assessing the effectiveness of reproduction housing on the example of the Urals Federal District: Tyumen (without autonomous region), Kurgan, Sverd-lovsk and Chelyabinsk region. The method based on the calculation of the integraete index for the assessment of housing reproduction efficiency and average growth rate characterizing the dynamics of housing reproduction. Evaluating the effectiveness of the reproduction of the housing stock was carried out for the period of 6 years from 2010 to 2015 inclusive. The article reveals the leader with the highest rates of reproduction of housing among the regions based on calculations made by the method. Graphical visualization of the results presented in the evaluation matrix of efficiency of reproduction. As a result of assessment of the most effective policies property reproduction in the Tyumen region (without autonomous region), the least effective - in the Kurgan region. The efficiency of the housing stock in the reproduction of the Chelyabinsk region is below average, in the Sverdlovsk region is above average. On the basis of indicators developed by evaluating the effectiveness of the reproduction of the housing stock in the article also presents the results of applying the algorithm of automatic ratings of the regions as a result of the reproduction of housing for the duration of the evaluation.
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Comparison of JavaScript libraries for web-cartography
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Due to the active development of web-cartography, the article deals with the currently relevant cartographic JavaScript libraries, namely: Yandex.Maps, Google Maps, OpenLayers and Leaflet.JS, which are the basis of most modern geographic information portals. For each library an overview of the main functions and benefits is provided. The author defines a number of general requirements for cartographic libraries for visualization of spatial data. Particular attention is paid to the built-in tools and support for spatial data formats “out of the box” and their participation in existing projects. Using the specified requirements, then an analysis is carried out on a number of criteria, which ultimately makes it possible to make an assumption for the solution of which problems and under what conditions it is worth to use one or another library.
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Статья научная
Introduction. Heat and mass transfer devices based on flow of a thin layer of viscous fluid are widely used in numerous industry fields (chemical, petrochemical, energy, food, etc.). Falling film devices (film rectifiers, absorbers, steam generators, etc.) efficiency is related to large contact surface area and low liquid flow rate. Aim. Numerical study of wave characteristics of a thin layer of a viscous liquid both during free flow and during evaporation. Materials and methods. This work presents results of computational modeling of vertical water liquid film flow at low Reynolds numbers in the framework of partial differential equation of the state of the free surface of the liquid film. Equation coefficients include different physicochemical factors such as surface tension parameter and temperature gradients influence parameter. Analytic dependence of Marangoni parameter critical values is presented. Liquid film flow is investigated both at free flow and at evaporation of liquid. Temperature gradients influence causing increase of instability region and changing parameters of liquid film wave flow is taken into account. Utility developed in C++ is used for computation of wave characteristics and instability regions of liquid films. Results. Computational experiments were carried out for the vertical water film both at free flow and at evaporation. As a result of computational experiments liquid film flow regimes with a maximum value of the increment were selected; such regimes are shown in experimental studies of other researchers. Marangoni parameters critical values, at which destruction of film is possible, were calculated. Conclusion. Increment increases and phase velocity decreases under conditions of evaporation, and conditions are created for the destruction of the liquid film in heat and mass transfer devices and formation of “dry spot” on their surface. Liquid films flows investigation is relevant due to wide use of industrial falling film devices based on evaporating liquid films (evaporators, vaporizing apparatus); its results could be used in the design or modernization of existing equipment and in the design of technological processes in liquid films.
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Conducting a synthesis of a digital automaton for an automated firefighting system
Статья научная
Every year the industry in the world is gaining momentum: the number of industrial enterprises is growing, and with it the number of accidents at them. Oil today is the most common product for the synthesis and production of products. Increasing the level of fire protection systems at oil refineries remains one of the most important components of protecting people from technogenic hazards. The speed of innovation allows the application of artificial intelligence in the creation of automated fire protection systems. Research objective. This study is aimed at building a model of an automated integrated fire protection system (AISPPO).Through the synthesis of digital automata and minimizing the control functions of the digital model is created a system of automated integrated fire protection system. Materials and methods. To solve the problems of research used methods of constructing graphical algorithms of automated integrated fire protection system. This system is a new approach to solving the issue of safety of industrial facilities in the oil refining industry. Results. The proposed new model of the software implementation of a digital automaton in an automated integrated system of fire detection and monitoring of an oil refinery has made it possible to create a bank of calculated and analytical data on all potential types of failures in the structure of the enterprise in order to train personnel and make changes to existing methodological documents and instructions for personnel actions in a particular situation. Conclusion. The developed technology allows you to process the incoming signal contained in cyclograms into an intermediate form for the synthesis of digital automata using innovative tools.
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Статья научная
Innovative way of development of the economy requires the use of appropriate methods to manage this development, both at the state and at the individual companies’ level. However modernization of traditional management methods by itself doesn't bring the expected efficiency. Deve¬lopment and search of the new concepts and approaches corresponding to essence of innovative processes is necessary. In this regard, mathematical modeling that requires development of effective computing schemes, models and algorithms, is playing an important role. The paper presents an algorithm for constructing a model for managing the trajectories of innovative development based on their integral characteristics. On the basis of the offered model it is possible to analyze functions of the income, costs, economic efficiency, to define the optimum time moment of starting new trajectories, in this case the requirement of continuity and convexity is not required.
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Control of nonlinear dynamics of electromechanical systems
Статья научная
This article proposes to analyze the processes in the most widely used at present frequency-controlled AC drives, as in automatic control systems with dynamic non-linearities, and structural correction methods, improving their dynamics. For the first time, dynamic formulas of transfer functions of a torque driver in an asynchronous motor with frequency control, taking into account the slip and frequency of the stator voltage, are proposed. Methods for constructing families of frequency characteristics of such electromechanical systems with “frozen” but different values of the frequency of the stator voltage and slip is described. In the Simulink application of the MATLAB software environment, families of frequency characteristics were constructed corresponding to nonlinear transfer functions. The nonlinear transfer functions obtained in this work made it possible to substantiate the structural solutions of linearizing frequency-controlled electric drives and, significantly, increasing their efficiency. Such a solution turned out to be a positive feedback on the current value of the stator current with a dynamic link. This dynamic link ensures the effective action of a positive connection without disturbing the stability of electromechanical systems. The experiments fully confirmed the correctness of the mathematical expressions obtained for nonlinear links of systems and their correction. This paper is an example of how the initial complicated (but more accurate!) Interpretation of nonlinearity allowed us to find a new best solution to the problem of controlling a complex dynamic object.
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Control of the regional social resource dynamic based on the regression-differential simulation
Статья научная
In this paper, we adopted a linear combination of normalized partial criteria from the publicly available statistical data as the assessment of the social resource development. We have shown the stability of their ranking to the small possible errors of the expert determination of ranks. We demonstrated impossibility of applying traditional econometric models to solve this task. We developed a model based on the second order regression differential equation allowing predict consequences of solutions on the development of the social resource in a tactical perspective. The peculiarity of this model is in use of the publicly available statistical factors, for which we determined their relative importance, coefficients of mutual influence, best approximation between values of the annual statistical series and other adaptation model parameters. We determined positive and negative forecast areas and gave recommendations for improvement of the social resource dynamics.
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Correction of the arc array excitation using genetic algorithm
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The method of correction the discrete phase distribution of the circular arc phased array for alignment of bearing directions of the navigation radio beacons is proposed. Switchboarding step-scanning pattern of the arc array is accompanied by subscanning for given minimal discrete scan angle. The exact technique to determine the amplitude and phase distributions for the arc array excitation is proposed. This technique include both the mutual coupling of the array radiators and influence of the current distribution on cylindrical surface, over array is located. Numerical method for reducing size of the system of linear algebraic equiations is developed. This system due to corresponding summarize-integral equiations. It is shown that discretization of finding phase distribution (amplitude distribution is fixed) leads to inaccurate bearing directions of navigation radio beacons. For correcting the phase distribution is used the genetic algorithm, which has some advantages over traditional techniques of optimization. The results of modeling the subscanning mode shows practical utility and efficiency of the proposed correcting technique.
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Current trends in personnel training in the United States industry
Статья научная
The purpose of this article is to familiarize the audience with the current trends in personnel training in the United States industry. Currently, the personnel training area in the United States is experiencing many challenges. To survive in the new environment, the personnel training field must reinvent itself. The authors reflect on the factors that are either conducive to or have a negative impact on personnel training. The article examines the methods that the personnel training discipline uses to successfully adapt to the new environment. Moreover, the personnel training field helps to shape the industry’s employee of the future. The authors also attempt to forecast the impending changes in personnel training by examining the current trends in corporate education. Target audiences for this article include HR Analysts, Training Managers, Vendor Relationship Managers, and business owners who are interested in building and maintaining a modern workforce of productive and committed employees.
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