Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1728
Статья научная
The article provides a conceptual understanding of the semantic space of reality, substantiates its structure and features of its formation in the youth environment. To this end, we consider the process of meaning formation and the content of semantic fields. It is analyzed as the basis for self-regulation of social interactions between young people. Identifying semantic foundations of self-regulation is a relevant research task for both theory and practice. The aim of the study is to identify the structure of relationships and hierarchical clustering of basic elements in the mechanism for self-regulation of social interactions in the youth environment with the help of the structural and taxonomic model. The model was constructed within the framework of the tool for self-regulation of young people's daily life; the tool is being developed at the Center for Youth Sociology, Institute of Socio-Political Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPR FCTAS RAS). The structural and taxonomic approach allows us to obtain structural-taxonomic maps that display multi-layered structures of relationships within the mechanism of self-regulation, as well as connections between different meanings that are reproduced and constructed in the youth environment in the process of everyday interactions. In contrast to the automatic classification as the classical task of taxonomy, the structural and taxonomic approach focuses on identifying the structure of the most significant relationships between the objects being classified; such objects (which are considered in the present paper) are the elements of self-regulation mechanism in the life of young people. We design a structural and taxonomic model using the data of a sociological survey; this allows us to offer reasonable descriptions and explanatory interpretations of the results. The analysis is based on the findings of empirical studies we obtained in the course of a survey of Russian youth 15-29 years of age. We use taxonomic analysis to reveal the structure of the semantic space of young people. We conclude that semantic connections within and between semantic fields are ambiguous. Having implemented structural and taxonomic modeling of the semantic space, we identify several levels of semantic fields. Their analysis allows us to form an idea of the semantic foundations of self-regulation of young people's interactions with each other and with society.
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Статья научная
The article presents a research into the approaches to the zoning of the Russian Federation aimed at defining the southern border of the Arctic zone. The conducted analysis of legal documents and scientific literature devoted to the substantiation of the Arctic zone revealed the lack of definite criteria for determining the list of territories included in this zone. As a result of the research, several recommendations have been worked out that substantiate the inclusion of specific administrative-territorial formations of the Russian Federation in the Arctic zone.
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Статья научная
The shadow economy is one of the most complex socio-economic phenomena in almost any state. The shadow economy, which has become an integral structural element of an economic system, has a diverse and sometimes ambiguous impact on it. The nature and assessment of this phenomenon and the ways to deal with it have been in the focus of attention of scientists, government authorities, trade unions, and economic entities for a long time. Having reviewed the definitions of the shadow (underground) economy that are suggested by modern domestic and foreign sources, we consider this phenomenon as an economic activity of actors that are hidden from the influence of state control. In this regard, we can highlight the following priority areas of research: identification of factors that have a significant impact on the volume and nature of the shadow economy, development of measures to overcome it, and search for more adequate quantitative methods for its assessment at different levels of public administration. Of particular interest is the regional aspect of the shadow economy, which is not given due attention in publications. The article presents an attempt to compensate for this lack of attention. The aim of the work is to assess the scale of the shadow economy nationwide and in Russia’s individual constituent entities on the basis of generalization of the methods applied and with the use of official statistical information of all- Russian agencies: the Federal State Statistics Service, the Federal Tax Service and their regional offices. Scientific novelty of the study lies in adjusting the traditional approach to the assessment of the shadow economy by the tax method, which consists in eliminating the amount of depreciation deductions from the indicators of gross profit of the economy and gross mixed income. The proposed method has been tested on the economy of Russia and several regions of the Central Federal District. We have revealed significant differences in the estimation of the scale of this phenomenon if various calculation methods are used. We review a set of measures aimed at reducing hidden income at the federal and regional levels, taking into account the current socio-economic situation complicated by the coronavirus pandemic.
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Shaping the population and labor resources in the Russian Far East
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the problems of demographic situation in the Far East of Russia. It considers the formation of the population and labor potential; shows the dynamics of the population in the Far East according to the all-Union (1989) and all-Russian population censuses (2002 and 2010) and the current population accounting for 01.01.2018; reveals the trend of long-term reduction in the number of inhabitants in the macroregion; substantiates the need to implement the objective to secure population. The relevance of the study is due to the need to determine the risks with the emerging parameters of the natural and migration components involved in the demographic indicators of the Far Eastern region, in the implementation of the strategy to achieve the population according to the Concept of demographic policy in the Far East1 adopted in 2017. The factors contributing to the reduction of natural population growth are covered. The negative role of migration in the population dynamics in the macroregion is noted...
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Shared values in the formation of a modern techno-economic paradigm
Статья научная
The article presents the evolution of the concept of techno-economic paradigm. It points out that the concept of transformative investments (impact investing) has a significant impact on the formation of a modern techno-economic paradigm. In the framework of this concept, “shared values” are considered as a central element in the development strategy of any state. The ideology of shared values is based on pragmatic principles that create economic value to meet the interests of society. It is based on “three pillars of sustainable development”: planet, people and profit. The authors identify three main types of impact investing - responsible investing, development investing, localizing investing. The paper highlights the most important areas of impact investing and substantiates the expediency of promoting the ideas of impact investing at the level of individual business entities, which formulate a specific approach to the management of socio-economic systems of the micro-level, the authors call this approach “impact management”...
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Статья научная
The article deals with the problem of food security provision in the regions of the European North of Russia, stresses the capacity of local agriculture and the necessity of its maintaining, preserving and increasing of the production of organic agricultural output. Thereupon we have substantiated the necessity of consistent implementation of the budget subsidy expenses to maintain profitable industries which produce ecological foodstuffs and we’ve pointed out the criteria for classifying of agricultural products to the category of agricultural organic output. The article deals with the conditions and factors of production and realization of organic crop products in the Komi Republic.
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Simulation of structural changes in the region's economy based on the matrix of financial flows
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the improvement of instruments assessing the impact of exogenous factors on the structure of the regional economy. In distinction from previous studies, the analysis is carried out not only on the basis of short-term multiplier effect, but also changes the values of multipliers, demonstrating the sensitivity / elasticity of the economic system in the region to exogenous influences in the long term. Structural changes are analyzed by the example of assessing the impact of the financial measures of the state policy of import substitution. The article presents a method of estimating the multiplicative effects, based on the balance sheet approach and the methodology of the system of national accounts. A distinctive feature of the methodology is to reflect the reproductive structures of institutional sectors in the region in relation to the import and export flows. On an example of the Sverdlovsk Oblast the authors demonstrate the possibility of using methods in predicting changes in key economic indicators in the region (wages, gross profit, tax revenues of the consolidated regional budget, final consumption expenditure, etc.)...
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Статья научная
He article is devoted to the problems of strategic management of single-industry towns' development in the Russian Arctic. It presents brief characteristics of the government policies in relation to single-industry towns of the Russian Federation as a whole, and, particularly, of its Arctic zone. On the example of single-industry towns of the Murmansk Oblast it studies strategies of their development, typical problems to shape and implement strategic development plans.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to nano- and femtotechnology as the basis for sustainable noosphere development of the global socio-economic mega system “nature-man-society” in its relation with the Universe (cosmos) in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine and other CIS nations. Such factors as the formation of a new (noospheric) political and economic outlook and the changes in scientific and technological structure of economy are gaining paramount importance under the action of the law of time and the adequate need to change the logic of socio-economic behavior of the population of planet Earth. Singular technology can become a strategic priority in finding practical solutions to these issues. When creating new productive forces and relations of production, these technologies act as a synergetic and bifurcation (unpredictable) interaction of the three system technologies: artificial intelligence, molecular nanotechnology and molecular biotechnology. As soon as man grasps the essence of singular technology, it will be possible to create a new structure of matter at the nano- and femtotechnology levels, and to exercise control over this process...
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Sino-Russian cooperation in the arctic: current situation, new directions and challenges
Статья научная
Russia's chairmanship of the Arctic Council from 2021 to 2023 provides new opportunities for China and Russia to deepen Arctic cooperation, especially on the issue of “sustainable development”. Therefore, further research on Sino-Russian Arctic sustainable cooperation is of positive significance for deepening Arctic cooperation between Russia and China. In particular, it is necessary to re-examine the new directions of Sino-Russian Arctic cooperation in the context of today's drastic changes in the international geopolitical situation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current situation, new directions and challenges of Sino-Russian Arctic sustainable cooperation and to provide concrete paths for deepening cooperation. To achieve this goal, the article analyzes the national policies of China and Russia, identifies the common interests of both countries, and then analyzes the current situation, new directions and problems faced by the Arctic sustainable cooperation between the two countries in the context of the reality of the Russian Arctic region. The innovation of this article is to provide a new path for deepening Arctic cooperation between the two countries based on the perspective of Chinese scholars and a more comprehensive understanding of China's Arctic policy. The significance of this article is that the research content and conclusions can be used to promote the process of Arctic sustainable development cooperation between the two countries at the social and even national levels.
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Статья научная
The Russian economy has faced a number of large-scale geopolitical and socio-economic challenges in recent years. At the same time, the territories with single-industry specialization were the most negatively affected, since their town-forming enterprises are highly dependent on external environmental factors. The list of single-industry towns in Russia was formed ten years ago; during this time there have been many global changes, but the authorities are still guided by this document when developing measures of state support. The work had two objectives: first, to assess the degree of their current monoprofile on the basis of analyzing the activities of the main economic entities in singleindustry towns; and second, to identify how the new geopolitical and socio-economic challenges have affected the activities of town-forming enterprises. The research object was 20 small and mediumsized towns of the European North of Russia, categorized as single-industry towns. We identified three groups of towns: 1) single-industry towns with one or several large enterprises in one industry sector (i.e., towns that have retained their monoprofile); 2) single-industry towns that currently have several large or medium-sized enterprises in different economic sectors; 3) former single-industry towns with one or several town-forming enterprises that are currently liquidated. Based on the analysis of the financial performance of enterprises operating in small and medium-sized towns, we found that sanctions and the disruption of production chains with Western countries led to a marked decline in the profits of most of these organizations. The enterprises of the timber industry complex were particularly hard hit, as their activities were more export-oriented. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development and approbation our own methodological approach to the implementation of the typology of towns classified as single-industry municipalities, based on the analysis of enterprises functioning in them.
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Small business and living standards of the population: mutual influence and management issues
Статья научная
Small entrepreneurship is an important element of the socio-economic system of the region, because it contributes to the creation of competitive environment, the consumer’s market saturation and stimulation of aggregate demand, as well as to structural changes, etc. As a systemically important element of the municipal units’ economy, it has an impact on developing the infrastructure and filling the budget of local territories. It contributes to solving one of the main tasks of the social state - to increase the population’s living standards in the country. The high significance of small business determines the demand and necessity of its development. However, at present the aspects of its interconnection with the population’s living standards remain insufficiently elaborated, which makes it difficult to implement effective public policy on managing these categories. The researchers have presented two main approaches to defining this interaction. In the first variant, the functioning of small business contributes to improving the population’s living standards. In the second variant, the availability of capital and consumer demand, provided with people’s high revenues, are the main factors of small business development. Under the conditions of limited resources, the ambiguity of such dependence confirms the relevance and necessity of elaborating scientifically based directions of state influence and the system of measures for stimulating the development of these categories. Therefore, the aim of the study is to assess dependence of small business and the population’s living standards, as well as to establish mainstreaming scientifically based directions of public management and the system of measures, contributing to the development of the small business sector and the improvement of the population’s living standards as a whole. In order to achieve the goal, the empirical assessment of interconnection between the development of small business and the population’s living standards has been carried out, which allows to determine the specific characteristics of their mutual influence. The recommendations on improving the existing system of public management regarding the development processes of small business and improving the population’s living standards in the Russian Federation’s entities have been scientifically justified. The empirical basis of the study includes the data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the results of monitorings, conducted by Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The materials of the article can be used by the federal and regional government bodies and administrative authorities for adjusting public policy in the field of developing the regional economy.
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Статья научная
The article considers the role and function of small businesses in the development of the municipality on the example of the city of Petrozavodsk. Results of entrepreneurs’ questioning are given, the main problems of small businesses and forms of its support at the municipal level are considered.
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Small business as the factor increasing the employment rate and incomes of the population
Статья научная
Small and medium business is the most important source of increasing employment and incomes of the population. The statistics show that at present the potential of this sphere is not used to the fullest extent in Russia. In order to overcome the existing difficulties, involve the population in business, it is necessary to implement a set of measures aimed at the improvement of the business climate and the disclosure of the population’s entrepreneurial potential. Furthermore, an important step is the development and adoption of the concept of the long-term development programme of small and middle business in the region.
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Small business development as a factor of increasing financial autonomy of municipal entities
Статья научная
The article examines the main results of the reform of local government. It shows that along with the positive results achieved during the transformation, a number of problems remain unresolved. The most significant among them is lack of financial autonomy of municipalities. Solutions to this problem are proposed. One of the promising directions of formation and expansion of own economic base of the municipality is the development of small businesses.
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Small business in Russia: everyday issues and development constraints
Статья научная
The article is based on the data of “Russian longitudinal monitoring survey of economic situation and public health NRU HSE” (RLMS-HSE) and considers current issues and specifics of social well-being of entrepreneurs engaged in small business - managers of micro-enterprises and individual entrepreneurs as one of the least protected professional groups who face great difficulties in organizing their business. The analysis confirms that numerous lingering problems impeding their work cause a reduction in the level of entrepreneurial activity, significantly worsen the social well-being of entrepreneurs and force many of them to change professional and life plans. The study reveals that social well-being of entrepreneurs engaged in small business is complex and uncertain; it is a consequence of an inconsistency between conditions of life and work, and the heterogeneity of this category of employees. They feel happy more often than wage workers. However, possessing a relatively high level of job satisfaction and life satisfaction in general, and having higher self-assessment of professional skills, small-scale entrepreneurs are less concerned with the low prestige of their work and their lack of wide power and authority in comparison to other categories of employed persons; they are cautious in establishing relationships with other people and they have a comparatively low level of law-abidance...
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Small business is an important reserve for development of a one company town
Статья научная
The small business development acquires strategic importance for sustained social and economic development of regions, especially for one company towns located on their territories. The composition of problems occurred in one company towns, the factors that create difficult situations in their economic and social and cultural life are considered in the article. The possibilities of using small business for sustainable growth of a one company towns and improving the quality of life of their people in times of crisis and during the post-crisis development are substantiated.
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Статья научная
The article examines the issues of state support of small and mid-sized businesses in the region. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to search for new mechanisms of stimulation of small business activity.
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Small forestry business development peculiarities in Komi Republic
Статья научная
The article considers problems of small business in the forestry sector of Komi Republic in the structural and social aspects. Problems bounding effectiveness increase of small forestry business are shown up.
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