Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1587
State strategic planning experience in the USSR in theoretical and empirical studies
Статья научная
In recent years, the Russian Federation has been forming a strategic planning system, which exists in many countries with market economics. However, success of its implementation is assessed critically in scientific literature. This is where the goal of this article becomes relevant - expansion of theoretical and methodological framework, including instruments of new institutional economic history for studying empirical sources concerning institutional practices of USSR centralized planning from the perspective of needs of the RF strategic planning economics system. The greatest attention to this problem is paid in the development and institutional economics, which are interconnected with each other. The novelty of the research consists in the fact that we put forward our own methodological questions in the context of our original understanding of trends of development economics’ evolution on the basis of our interpretation of studies which explored Soviet experience of centralized planning; formulation of working hypothesis for further empirical studies and their theoretical generalization. We use historical genetic and problematic approaches, general logical methods and techniques - system approach, generalization, analysis and synthesis. We compare individual concepts in the sphere of development economics with empirical studies. We find out that the slowdown of USSR economic dynamics urged development economics theorists to shift their focus from macroeconomics’ modeling of production factors to the analysis of the institutional environment features. The approach to centralized planning as a key instrument of overcoming “traps of underdevelopment” (“market failures”) was substituted with understanding of transactional costs connected with it (“state failures”). It was stated that important issues, such as cooperation between institutions of scientific knowledge and state’s management of economics, were not properly analyzed. The conclusion was drawn that the research on empirical sources, concerning institutions of soviet planning, using theoretical and methodological instruments of development economics, enriched with concepts of institutional economics, will contribute to the formation of new theory of national and regional economics’ planning in the paradigm of post-Soviet institutionalism.
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Status and prospects of tourist industry development in the Vologda region
Статья научная
The article shows the role of the tourism sector in the economy of the Vologda region, identifies key problems and a number of key areas of the tourism development and management tools for the tourism industry of the region.
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Stimulating final consumption within the reduction of regional inequality
Статья научная
With increasing regional inequality, the economy of the Russian Federation and its regions experiences structural constraints related to its imbalance. The result of this situation is the reduction of domestic consumer demand, which has recently been considered a factor of the economic growth. It actualizes the problem of finding, identifying, and justifying areas of final consumption which may stimulate the population’s demand for goods and services of domestic production and reduce structural imbalances in current economic conditions. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to identify and scientifically substantiate ways to stimulate final consumption that reduce regional imbalances. One of these ways is tourism, which has a high multiplicative effect. It has the minimum share of import in the structure of the formation of its products’ resources. The study’s scientific novelty is the estimation of the effect of the increase of the tourism industry’s output within the regional context. Its results allowed us to identify the problem of under-receiving effects from stimulating the consumption of tourism goods and services by regions. The high contribution of the Central Federal District, which accounts for the greatest effect from the growth of tourism output, indicates the need to overcome the existing spatial asymmetry in tourism development between certain regions of the country. General scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, as well as tools based on the methodology of inter-sectoral balance, were used as the methodological basis of the research. The information basis of the research included works of domestic and foreign scientists dealing with structural policy, information from state statistics institutions, data from the World Bank and the World Tourism Organization. Future research areas are related to the definition of methods for regulating final consumption for a deeper understanding of problems of economic restructuring.
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Strategic choice of the economic specialization of the peripheral municipality
Статья научная
In this article the methodical aspects for the strategic analysis of the peripheral municipal economic development are considered. The analysis is carried out by the example of the Lahdenpohskaya municipal area of the Karelia Republic. The choice of the economic specialization directions while working out the program of the socio-economic development of a municipality on the basis of the SWOT-analysis and on the territorial capitalization’s concept is substantiated.
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Strategic classification of regions according to the level of financial self-sufficiency
Статья научная
In the context of highly uneven regional development, subnational and federal governments are facing an extremely important task of elaborating and implementing the strategy for development of Russia's constituent entities. In this regard the research on financial self-sufficiency of regions as a driver of resource security of strategic development becomes an urgent issue. The goals of our study include building a typology of regions according to the level of financial self-sufficiency and identifying strategizing features for individual groups of regions. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis and panel data analysis are used to achieve the goals. In order to build sustainable groups, we form a system of 18 indicators of financial self-sufficiency of regions; we carry out cluster analysis on its basis; after that, we identify three groups of regions: leaders, average performers, and outsiders. This classification of regions can be considered stable, since the composition of the groups has not changed over time. We carry out the principal component analysis using our set of indicators of financial self-sufficiency and identify three generalizing factors that characterize the budgetary security of the regions, the potential of regional and municipal taxes, and the tax burden on the economy. We carry out modeling with the use of panel regression and analyze the influence of each factor on financial self-sufficiency in each group of regions. The resulting classification has significant scientific prospects regarding the formation of a general strategizing methodology for regions with different levels of financial self-sufficiency. The strategic classification can be used by regional authorities to form regional and sectoral development strategies.
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Статья научная
At present, Russia's economy is dependent on import in some of its strategically important sectors. The recent economic and political developments such as the aggravation of geopolitical situation and termination of economic partnership between Russia and a number of countries and entities, and also the Government's policy that aims to reduce import dependence determine the need to expand the interaction between domestic producers and the need to use domestic resources, materials and equipment in economic activities. Import substitution in Russia can become a driving force of its industrial growth. The paper presents different interpretations of the term “import substitution” contained in several publications of recent years; it also reveals a common approach of the authors to this problem. The article summarizes existing proposals on priority areas of import substitution such as the shift towards import-substituting production and technology in strategically important industries...
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Strategic management as a factor of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship functioning enhancing
Статья научная
The article is devoted to actual problems of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship’s development. Characteristics of the main directions of small and medium-sized businesses at the federal and regional levels development is given, the strategic management of small and medium-sized businesses features are identified.
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Статья научная
The main goal of the present study is to consider the specifics of current state and strategic management of development of enterprises within the military-industrial complex in the dynamic environment of the global market and determine the most effective ways of their development on the example of Russian helicopter industry. Methodology and tools of the study are based on the comparison and comparative evaluation of major Russian and foreign corporations engaged in development and production of helicopters. The authors analyze current state and strategic management of the helicopter industry on the basis of information available in the public domain. The source of the main problems of functioning of military-industrial complex enterprises, in particular, in the helicopter industry, can be found in the specifics of strategic management of its development, which is determined by major holdings under the close supervision of the government. One of the most important ways to develop enterprises of this industry is to diversify civil production in order to increase the output and improve the financial situation and, on the other hand, to reduce the dependence of enterprises on the state defense order...
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Strategic management of key development potential of split-level territorial socio-economic systems
Статья научная
The authors have elaborated methodological principles based on the nature of modern relations characterized by high degree of “financial” and “knowledge” economy integration, identified factors in the territory’s economic development capacity (financial, labor, innovation). The choice is explained by the fact that scientific innovations in all socio-economic systems set the dynamics of their development regardless of their level of functioning; financial capacity is regarded as a prerequisite for expanding the territory’s investment process which increases economic activity of business entities; employment potential of territorial social-economic systems (hereinafter TSES) is moderated by the level of innovation and investment which influence labor quality and efficiency. The authors also propose the idea defining the fundamental framework for strategic management of key development potential of split-level territorial socio-economic systems. The basic idea of the concept is that the development strategy of territorial socio-economic system is based on activation of key development potential of a particular territory, the transformation of which by using appropriate technology and competencies of new resources ensures the achievement of qualitative parameters of economic growth and the quality of life in terms of interest alignment of economic actors...
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Strategic planning - the way toward sustainable development of the Russian economy
Статья научная
The current ambitious goals in the field of economic development set out within the framework of a new political cycle require new approaches and instruments of economic policy formation. Strategic planning, which, along with the improvement of market mechanisms, is widely implemented in the practice of public administration in many developed countries of the world, becomes a system-forming factor for such a policy. Within the framework of the present paper, we provide a substantial analysis of the place and role of strategic planning in addressing structural and technological modernization issues and in ensuring high dynamics of economic growth in Russia. We assess the content of Federal Law 172 “On strategic planning in the Russian Federation” adopted in 2014. We revealed the main reasons why the law is still not implemented in economic policy. We show that the absence of clear goal setting, strategic development priorities and their resource provision in fact impedes the process of the country’s transition to an innovative development model...
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Strategic priorities for the Russian seaports cargo turnover structure development
Статья научная
Trends in the world economy and trade, as well as the process of globalization, contribute to the seaports development as a strategic driver of economic growth in many countries. Seaports play a major role in optimizing trade relations; they act as key nodes in global transport chains and serve as connecting elements of the socio-economic systems in many countries. We have identified global, national and regional trends in the development of port facilities, analyzed cargo transshipment in the sea ports that are strategic objects of the state; this determines the need to improve methods and forms of management of their development on the basis of advanced technology. The development of port infrastructure will ensure economic growth both in the regional location and in the country as a whole. It is in the regions that it is necessary to form a competitive environment for economic entities, in particular seaports. Their development should have a positive impact on economic and social aspects: economic growth of territorial entities, market competition, development of innovative technologies and investment inflow. Empirical estimates of the links of neighboring regions economic growth were obtained on the basis of Moran's I, as well as from studies on how Russia's export cargo flows through seaports depend on GDP and on the index of industrial production in the period from 2006 to 2018. We analyzed the relationship between cargo turnover and shocks such as the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 and the imposition of sanctions, which for obvious reasons increase the observed volatility of international trade and, in particular, cargo volumes in ports. In the conclusion of the article we have formulated strategic priorities for the development of cargo turnover structure in sea ports on the basis of the identified opportunities and the obtained forecasts.
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Strategic priorities of Russia-Belarus integration in terms of food security issue
Статья научная
The article dwells on the scientific and practical aspects of cross-border cooperation, as well as the existing challenges and threats in the agro-food sector of Russia and Belarus in the context of food security. According to the authors, the choice of strategic priorities for interaction significantly determines the efficiency of the integration process. Special attention is given to the problem of quality and safety of modern food and beverages in the conditions of the activities of transnational companies and open market.
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Strategic priorities of small and medium towns' development
Статья научная
The current trends of population concentration in large cities and agglomerations lead to an imbalance in spatial development. These trends are among the main threats to the national security of the state. The problems of socio-economic development are particularly acute for small and medium towns, as local centers of adjacent territories. In this regard, the choice of ways and directions to improve the efficiency of the management of these localities becomes particularly relevant. The purpose of the research is to find and scientifically substantiate new priorities of strategic management of the development of small and medium towns taking into account the diversity of their types. The article presents the views of leading Russian researchers on the problem of managing small and medium towns. Based on the scientific literature analysis and survey results of heads of administrations of small and medium towns of the Vologda Oblast, the authors identify the main factors that hinder the construction of an effective management system. The paper proves the expediency of working out regional strategies for the development of small and medium towns, based on the settlements' typology according to the economic profile and position in the urbanized system. The work shows the approaches to the definition of the town's specialization: 1) based on the current economic structure; 2) based on the “smart specialization” concept. The information basis of the study is data of official statistics and scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers on the studied subject. In the paper, the authors use the methods of expert survey, monographic, economic and statistical, tabular and graphical methods of data visualization. The research results can be used in the activities of regional and municipal authorities in the working out strategic planning documents for managing the development of small and medium towns.
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Strategic regulation of structural transformations in the economy of the single-industry town
Статья научная
The article considers the problems of strategic regulation of the structural transformations processes in the single-industry towns' economy. The author substantiates the view that its future economic development directly depends on the activity of the town-forming enterprise and presents the algorithm of restructuring program formation. The contents of the main algorithm blocks (stages) are studied in detail. According to the author, the fundamental point in the proposed algorithm is to evaluate the features of the town-forming enterprise in ensuring the implementation of the social objectives of town development. This issue is in focus. The author indicates the necessity to develop the enterprise restructuring program and single out the best option to diversify the town's profile economic structure. In this regard, the article suggests the schematic diagram of the choice and objectives of effective diversification option. According to the author, the options generation procedure for the diversification profile structure of single-industry towns' economy should base on the strategic analysis of the town's economic capacity to identify the competitive advantages of single-industry towns and possible barriers to diversification processes. The author notes that the options implementation will require various types of resources and first of all, investment, labor, energy and land ones. The article provides detailed recommendations on this issue.
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Статья научная
The modern concept for modernization of Russia's economy, put forward by the federal executive authorities, provides for an innovation development model. It is believed that only innovation is able to solve many problems that the Russian economy faces, and first of all, the enhancement of its competitiveness. One of the problems of Russia's innovation system consists in the lack of resources and in their inefficient use in certain directions of development of innovation activity: outdated production capacities and facilities and equipment at research organizations; ageing of staff; limited access to financial resources. The availability and condition of these resources, the opportunities for their usage - in other words, the choice of innovation development strategy, all these factors determine the effectiveness of innovation activity inthe region. The article provides a classification of the region's innovation strategies. Due to the fact that the most important factor in achieving innovation economic development is the improvement of the quality of human resources, the authors highlight the issue of strategic compliance between the innovation development of the region and human resources management...
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Strategic reserves of labor productivity growth in the regional economy
Статья научная
The article work investigates features of labour productivity in regional economy and defines level and dynamics of labour productivity on separate branches and an economic complex as a whole. The problem of growth in labour productivity is connected with specific activities of branches and the enterprises. It is revealed factors making the greatest impact on labour productivity. Considerable influence on labour productivity renders motivator - wages level. It is revealed possibilities of increase of labour productivity under conditions of financial and economic crisis, it is developed the measures directed on increase labour productivity in the basic branches of region’s economy in 1.5 - 2 times during the period 2008 to 2020.
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Strategical approach to management of tourism in municipal district of Republic of Karelia
Статья научная
The article deals with the questions of tourism management on the municipal level in Republic of Karelia with Pryazhenskiy National Municipal District as an example.
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Статья научная
The paper is a result of the scientific theoretical and empirical research conducted by the author on the issue of collective self-preservation of local societies on the territory of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The rise of general welfare is achieved at the expense of weakening family ties, deformation of the demographic structure of the population and, as a result, aggravating demographic risks, various social deviations, destruction of traditional bonds that helped people survive for centuries thanks to social solidarity and mutual aid. Social risks entail, directly or indirectly, all other risks, making them particularly dangerous for the society. However, the society in historical perspective has formed the mechanisms of protection against the negative impact of social and other shocks. These mechanisms are especially pronounced in local resident populations and they currently remain in the form of social control, social solidarity, and other forms of collective protection...
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Статья научная
The article discusses possibilities of application of the program-target method in regulation of regional development. It is shown that elaboration of economic strategies is based on the same approaches, adapted to the long perspective conditions. There are given stages and some program arrangements of the Strategy of socio-economic development of the Murmansk region for the period to the year of 2025.
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Strategy development sea tourism in Euroarctic region
Статья научная
This article discusses strategic directions of the sea tourism development in the Euro-arctic region of Russia. We analyzed the current state and prospects of the development of the Arctic sea tourism as a tool for the development of the Arctic in order to achieve objectives of the maritime activities strategy in the region. We denfined priority types and forms of sea tourism and substantiated a strategy for creating a system of specially protected natural areas in the Barents Sea region of Russia.
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