Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1640
Статья научная
At present, Russia's economy is dependent on import in some of its strategically important sectors. The recent economic and political developments such as the aggravation of geopolitical situation and termination of economic partnership between Russia and a number of countries and entities, and also the Government's policy that aims to reduce import dependence determine the need to expand the interaction between domestic producers and the need to use domestic resources, materials and equipment in economic activities. Import substitution in Russia can become a driving force of its industrial growth. The paper presents different interpretations of the term “import substitution” contained in several publications of recent years; it also reveals a common approach of the authors to this problem. The article summarizes existing proposals on priority areas of import substitution such as the shift towards import-substituting production and technology in strategically important industries...
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Strategic management as a factor of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship functioning enhancing
Статья научная
The article is devoted to actual problems of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship’s development. Characteristics of the main directions of small and medium-sized businesses at the federal and regional levels development is given, the strategic management of small and medium-sized businesses features are identified.
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Статья научная
The main goal of the present study is to consider the specifics of current state and strategic management of development of enterprises within the military-industrial complex in the dynamic environment of the global market and determine the most effective ways of their development on the example of Russian helicopter industry. Methodology and tools of the study are based on the comparison and comparative evaluation of major Russian and foreign corporations engaged in development and production of helicopters. The authors analyze current state and strategic management of the helicopter industry on the basis of information available in the public domain. The source of the main problems of functioning of military-industrial complex enterprises, in particular, in the helicopter industry, can be found in the specifics of strategic management of its development, which is determined by major holdings under the close supervision of the government. One of the most important ways to develop enterprises of this industry is to diversify civil production in order to increase the output and improve the financial situation and, on the other hand, to reduce the dependence of enterprises on the state defense order...
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Strategic management of key development potential of split-level territorial socio-economic systems
Статья научная
The authors have elaborated methodological principles based on the nature of modern relations characterized by high degree of “financial” and “knowledge” economy integration, identified factors in the territory’s economic development capacity (financial, labor, innovation). The choice is explained by the fact that scientific innovations in all socio-economic systems set the dynamics of their development regardless of their level of functioning; financial capacity is regarded as a prerequisite for expanding the territory’s investment process which increases economic activity of business entities; employment potential of territorial social-economic systems (hereinafter TSES) is moderated by the level of innovation and investment which influence labor quality and efficiency. The authors also propose the idea defining the fundamental framework for strategic management of key development potential of split-level territorial socio-economic systems. The basic idea of the concept is that the development strategy of territorial socio-economic system is based on activation of key development potential of a particular territory, the transformation of which by using appropriate technology and competencies of new resources ensures the achievement of qualitative parameters of economic growth and the quality of life in terms of interest alignment of economic actors...
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Strategic planning - the way toward sustainable development of the Russian economy
Статья научная
The current ambitious goals in the field of economic development set out within the framework of a new political cycle require new approaches and instruments of economic policy formation. Strategic planning, which, along with the improvement of market mechanisms, is widely implemented in the practice of public administration in many developed countries of the world, becomes a system-forming factor for such a policy. Within the framework of the present paper, we provide a substantial analysis of the place and role of strategic planning in addressing structural and technological modernization issues and in ensuring high dynamics of economic growth in Russia. We assess the content of Federal Law 172 “On strategic planning in the Russian Federation” adopted in 2014. We revealed the main reasons why the law is still not implemented in economic policy. We show that the absence of clear goal setting, strategic development priorities and their resource provision in fact impedes the process of the country’s transition to an innovative development model...
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Strategic priorities for the Russian seaports cargo turnover structure development
Статья научная
Trends in the world economy and trade, as well as the process of globalization, contribute to the seaports development as a strategic driver of economic growth in many countries. Seaports play a major role in optimizing trade relations; they act as key nodes in global transport chains and serve as connecting elements of the socio-economic systems in many countries. We have identified global, national and regional trends in the development of port facilities, analyzed cargo transshipment in the sea ports that are strategic objects of the state; this determines the need to improve methods and forms of management of their development on the basis of advanced technology. The development of port infrastructure will ensure economic growth both in the regional location and in the country as a whole. It is in the regions that it is necessary to form a competitive environment for economic entities, in particular seaports. Their development should have a positive impact on economic and social aspects: economic growth of territorial entities, market competition, development of innovative technologies and investment inflow. Empirical estimates of the links of neighboring regions economic growth were obtained on the basis of Moran's I, as well as from studies on how Russia's export cargo flows through seaports depend on GDP and on the index of industrial production in the period from 2006 to 2018. We analyzed the relationship between cargo turnover and shocks such as the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 and the imposition of sanctions, which for obvious reasons increase the observed volatility of international trade and, in particular, cargo volumes in ports. In the conclusion of the article we have formulated strategic priorities for the development of cargo turnover structure in sea ports on the basis of the identified opportunities and the obtained forecasts.
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Strategic priorities of Russia-Belarus integration in terms of food security issue
Статья научная
The article dwells on the scientific and practical aspects of cross-border cooperation, as well as the existing challenges and threats in the agro-food sector of Russia and Belarus in the context of food security. According to the authors, the choice of strategic priorities for interaction significantly determines the efficiency of the integration process. Special attention is given to the problem of quality and safety of modern food and beverages in the conditions of the activities of transnational companies and open market.
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Strategic priorities of small and medium towns' development
Статья научная
The current trends of population concentration in large cities and agglomerations lead to an imbalance in spatial development. These trends are among the main threats to the national security of the state. The problems of socio-economic development are particularly acute for small and medium towns, as local centers of adjacent territories. In this regard, the choice of ways and directions to improve the efficiency of the management of these localities becomes particularly relevant. The purpose of the research is to find and scientifically substantiate new priorities of strategic management of the development of small and medium towns taking into account the diversity of their types. The article presents the views of leading Russian researchers on the problem of managing small and medium towns. Based on the scientific literature analysis and survey results of heads of administrations of small and medium towns of the Vologda Oblast, the authors identify the main factors that hinder the construction of an effective management system. The paper proves the expediency of working out regional strategies for the development of small and medium towns, based on the settlements' typology according to the economic profile and position in the urbanized system. The work shows the approaches to the definition of the town's specialization: 1) based on the current economic structure; 2) based on the “smart specialization” concept. The information basis of the study is data of official statistics and scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers on the studied subject. In the paper, the authors use the methods of expert survey, monographic, economic and statistical, tabular and graphical methods of data visualization. The research results can be used in the activities of regional and municipal authorities in the working out strategic planning documents for managing the development of small and medium towns.
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Strategic regulation of structural transformations in the economy of the single-industry town
Статья научная
The article considers the problems of strategic regulation of the structural transformations processes in the single-industry towns' economy. The author substantiates the view that its future economic development directly depends on the activity of the town-forming enterprise and presents the algorithm of restructuring program formation. The contents of the main algorithm blocks (stages) are studied in detail. According to the author, the fundamental point in the proposed algorithm is to evaluate the features of the town-forming enterprise in ensuring the implementation of the social objectives of town development. This issue is in focus. The author indicates the necessity to develop the enterprise restructuring program and single out the best option to diversify the town's profile economic structure. In this regard, the article suggests the schematic diagram of the choice and objectives of effective diversification option. According to the author, the options generation procedure for the diversification profile structure of single-industry towns' economy should base on the strategic analysis of the town's economic capacity to identify the competitive advantages of single-industry towns and possible barriers to diversification processes. The author notes that the options implementation will require various types of resources and first of all, investment, labor, energy and land ones. The article provides detailed recommendations on this issue.
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Статья научная
The modern concept for modernization of Russia's economy, put forward by the federal executive authorities, provides for an innovation development model. It is believed that only innovation is able to solve many problems that the Russian economy faces, and first of all, the enhancement of its competitiveness. One of the problems of Russia's innovation system consists in the lack of resources and in their inefficient use in certain directions of development of innovation activity: outdated production capacities and facilities and equipment at research organizations; ageing of staff; limited access to financial resources. The availability and condition of these resources, the opportunities for their usage - in other words, the choice of innovation development strategy, all these factors determine the effectiveness of innovation activity inthe region. The article provides a classification of the region's innovation strategies. Due to the fact that the most important factor in achieving innovation economic development is the improvement of the quality of human resources, the authors highlight the issue of strategic compliance between the innovation development of the region and human resources management...
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Strategic reserves of labor productivity growth in the regional economy
Статья научная
The article work investigates features of labour productivity in regional economy and defines level and dynamics of labour productivity on separate branches and an economic complex as a whole. The problem of growth in labour productivity is connected with specific activities of branches and the enterprises. It is revealed factors making the greatest impact on labour productivity. Considerable influence on labour productivity renders motivator - wages level. It is revealed possibilities of increase of labour productivity under conditions of financial and economic crisis, it is developed the measures directed on increase labour productivity in the basic branches of region’s economy in 1.5 - 2 times during the period 2008 to 2020.
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Strategical approach to management of tourism in municipal district of Republic of Karelia
Статья научная
The article deals with the questions of tourism management on the municipal level in Republic of Karelia with Pryazhenskiy National Municipal District as an example.
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Статья научная
The paper is a result of the scientific theoretical and empirical research conducted by the author on the issue of collective self-preservation of local societies on the territory of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The rise of general welfare is achieved at the expense of weakening family ties, deformation of the demographic structure of the population and, as a result, aggravating demographic risks, various social deviations, destruction of traditional bonds that helped people survive for centuries thanks to social solidarity and mutual aid. Social risks entail, directly or indirectly, all other risks, making them particularly dangerous for the society. However, the society in historical perspective has formed the mechanisms of protection against the negative impact of social and other shocks. These mechanisms are especially pronounced in local resident populations and they currently remain in the form of social control, social solidarity, and other forms of collective protection...
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Статья научная
The article discusses possibilities of application of the program-target method in regulation of regional development. It is shown that elaboration of economic strategies is based on the same approaches, adapted to the long perspective conditions. There are given stages and some program arrangements of the Strategy of socio-economic development of the Murmansk region for the period to the year of 2025.
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Strategy development sea tourism in Euroarctic region
Статья научная
This article discusses strategic directions of the sea tourism development in the Euro-arctic region of Russia. We analyzed the current state and prospects of the development of the Arctic sea tourism as a tool for the development of the Arctic in order to achieve objectives of the maritime activities strategy in the region. We denfined priority types and forms of sea tourism and substantiated a strategy for creating a system of specially protected natural areas in the Barents Sea region of Russia.
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Strengthening fiscal decentralization to reduce the heterogeneity of Russia's economic space
Статья научная
According to a number of strategic documents, Russia’s economic space is characterized by high heterogeneity. To reduce it, Russian and foreign researchers propose to strengthen fiscal decentralization. The study aims to find out whether using this method in Russia will allow achieving the desired result. An answer can be obtained by conducting a regression analysis of the dependence of the scale of heterogeneity of the economic space on the degree of concentration of budget revenues and expenditures at the federal level. In the course of the research, we develop a new method for quantifying the level of heterogeneity of the economic space of a territory; the method requires constructing a figure in a rectangular coordinate system and finding its area. The advantage of this method for assessing the scale of heterogeneity of Russia’s economic space is that it allows us to take into account both major indicators - the volume of GRP and the volume of GRP per capita, since so far it has not been determined which of them is a numerical indicator of a region’s economic development level. Having assessed the scale of heterogeneity of Russia’s economic space for the period from 2000 to 2021 with the help of the above method, we conclude that strengthening fiscal decentralization will reduce the heterogeneity of Russia’s economic space. In particular, a 1% decrease in the concentration of budget expenditures at the federal level may lead to a 12.6% decrease in heterogeneity. Proceeding from this conclusion, we put forward some ways to reduce the share of federal budget expenditures in the total volume of the expenditure part of the consolidated budget.
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Strengthening the tourism appeal of Russian territories: current trends and management practices
Статья научная
The article is devoted to an acute issue of regional governance - the development of tourism appeal of Russian territories. The article discusses the concept of “tourism appeal”, substantiates the author's viewpoint in relation to its content. The research methods by the author include document analysis and the sociological survey of experts (heads of local authorities). Statistical and sociological data served as the basis for determining the specifics and problems of tourism development in the Russian Federation reflected in the objective and subjective indicators of tourism infrastructure performance. The article determines the malfunctions of modern management practices in tourism development in the Russian Federation; it also reveals the main problems related to the implementation of program-target management methods in modern government and regional policy. The authors make a conclusion that the implementation of program-target methods of development of the tourism appeal of territories is associated with a number of drawbacks that limit their effectiveness; they distinguish the following main problems that emerge in the implementation of the federal target program “Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011-2018)”: financial risks; the declarative principle of selection of regions for participation in the federal target program; focus on the achievement of economic indicators - these problems make it difficult to assess the long-term prospects of aspects of tourism appeal such as the creation and/or development of unique tourist attractions, the image of a territory, high threshold values of co-financing of expenditure obligations to implement the programs for regional budgets...
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Статья научная
This paper investigates how Japanese SIE’s labor markets in Asian societies provide career opportunities for young Japanese workers. The number of locally employed Japanese workers in Asia has increased since the 1990s. Previous studies, which have relied on the Lifestyle Migration view, pointed that the primary reason for expatriation is self-seeking and that Japanese expatriates feel finding something worthwhile for their lives by expatriation at the expense of status attainment. However, these studies paid little attention to the demand-side aspects of Japanese SIE’s career, which directly determines their opportunities. This study aims to provide some empirical findings based on the structural and institutional accounts that are different from the previous studies. The authors analyze the interview data of staffing agencies and the salary data in Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand, Indonesia, and China, which the Japanese expatriate workers are likely to choose as destinations. From the qualitative analyses of the interview data, the authors find four dimensions relating to Japanese expatriate’s labor market chances; market growth in the local society, the existence of Japanese community, legal restriction of issuing work permits, and the degree of localization of Japanese firms. According to these factors, it is possible to classify the five societies into two groups: one has a premium of Japanese self-initiated expatriate workers, and the other does not. The quantitative analyses using the salary data from a staffing agency also confirm the cross-society difference of economic remuneration. In China, Indonesia, and Thailand which are included in the former group, the salary of native Japanese workers is significantly higher than those of other worker types, but it is not in Singapore and Hong Kong. The authors discuss the differences between the present study and previous literature and the future research prospects in the concluding remarks.
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Structural changes in the economy: searching for sectoral drivers of growth
Статья научная
In the conditions of a system-wide economic crisis and destabilization of the external environment, the economy of the Russian Federation and its regions is experiencing structural limitations, which are associated with its imbalance. As a result, domestic demand for manufactured products is reducing; such a situation does not encourage enterprises to increase their output. This makes it necessary to search for the ways to eliminate structural disproportions and provide economic growth in modern economic conditions. One of such ways is to promote sectoral drivers of growth, that is, those industries and sectors of the national economy, the increase in demand for products in which has a significant positive impact on the economy. In this regard, the goal of this article is to identify and scientifically substantiate the need to stimulate the production of goods and services in economic sectors so as to promote structural changes in the economy at the national and regional levels. In this study, we consider mechanical engineering, information and communication technologies and tourism as drivers, which have a large multiplier effect and contribute to economic growth. The article assesses the consequences of stimulating the selected sectors of the economy in the context of structural changes both at the nationwide level and in the territorial context; this provision forms the scientific novelty of the study. The findings of the study reveal problems in development of mechanical engineering, information and communication technologies and tourism, confirm the importance of their development for the economy; the importance is expressed in a significant increase in the main economic indicators due to the increase in the production of goods and services. We use general scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, and the tools based on the input-output methodology. In the future, we plan to continue our work aimed at determining the correspondence of the parameters of development of these sectors contained in the strategic documents and the results obtained in the study for a deeper understanding of the problems of structural adjustment of the economy.
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Structural dynamics of the economy: impact of investment in old and new technologies
Статья научная
The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of impact of investment in technological renewal on economic growth, to establish the ratio of the contribution of investment in old and new technologies to the growth rate. This problem is solved when considering the GDP structural dynamics by expenditure in the case of the United States, Germany, Russia and China. The research methodology is based on structural analysis, which establishes a “structural formula” assessing the contribution of investment in new and old technologies to the growth rate of the economy, as well as the contribution of other GDP components by expenditure. This approach allows us to distinguish the existing models of economic growth in the countries under consideration - consumer, investment, mixed models and technological development modes according to the sensitivity of the overall technological economy to investment in new and old technologies. Investment in new technologies is understood as investment in technological innovations, and the overall technological efficiency of the economy is determined by the ratio of the volume of innovative goods shipped and the volume of non-innovative goods, works, and services. The investment breakdown method helps to assess the contribution of investment in new technologies to economic growth, both in a comparative way relative to other GDP components, and for the considered countries. The result of the study is the identification of the economic growth model by the largest contribution to GDP component in the period under review, the contribution to the rate of investment in new and old technologies, as well as the determination of the sensitivity of technology to investment in new and old technologies in the United States, Germany, China and Russia. The analysis found that the impact of investment on the GDP dynamics and the level of technology is not synchronized, which requires to change the approach to macroeconomic policy, aimed not only at stimulating investments as a driver of growth, but also their distribution in such a way which would lead to an increase in the technology of the economy together with changing the institutions.
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