Social development. Рубрика в журнале - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Twenty years of children's health monitoring: organization, results, conclusions
Статья научная
Deep understanding of human potential reproduction, presenting it as a continuous cycle and reflecting the continuity of generations, is significant for the formation of health and development of children. Today’s children will determine the future of Russian society. It is they who in 10-15 years will be a major part of the labor and creative population, a demographic base of the country. The research into children’s problems through the prism of socio-economic development helps identify targets of the state many-sided policy. The article presents results of the long-term medical sociological monitoring on the formation of child health carried out by the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of RAS with the support of the Vologda Oblast Healthcare Department since 1995. The special monitoring study of health dynamics in real time is unique not only for the Vologda Oblast, but for Russia as well. It reveals the transformation of a personality and the dependence of these changes on direct and indirect factors...
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Статья научная
In the modern conditions the socio-economic paradigm is changing, on the one hand, due to the transition to knowledge economy and, on the other hand, due to the need to develop innovation that determine competitiveness and the development level of national economies in the world. It is obvious that the progressive upgrade and the improvement of production processes (change in technological modes) can not be implemented without the increase in the level of human capital in the society and the enhancement of potential and qualification of the workforce. These changes largely depend on the education system. In almost all world countries there is an active process of modernization and change in the system of training. New forms and approaches appear, for example lifelong education (concept “Lifelong education”), informal forms of learning, self-education, etc. Without the development of these approaches it is not possible to become a competitive state in changing social, political and economic environment...
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Typology of regions by level and dynamics of the quality of life
Статья научная
The paper considers the methodology and algorithm for the construction of typologies of regions in a two-dimensional space “level of development - dynamics of development” taking into account the quality of life, which is one of the most relevant competitiveness factors at the present stage of Russia's development. The authors analyze the concept of “quality of life” and propose their own variant of the concept, on the basis of which they make a list of indicators for measuring and assessing the “quality of life” factor. In the implementation of the algorithm it is proposed to transform specific indicators, which assess the level and dynamics of the quality of life, into nonmetric numerical scores, normalized to the weighted average values of indicators for the Russian regions. The method of transformation of indicators into scores was tested on the example of the Northwestern Federal District regions, and the typologies in a two-dimensional space “level - dynamics” of the quality of life were made for 80 regions of Russia; the level of the quality of life was assessed according to official statistics for 2013, and the dynamics of the quality of life was assessed with the use of official statistics for 2011-2013...
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University partnership system as a factor in the development of youth entrepreneurship
Статья научная
Economic development dynamics present a number of challenges to the system of higher education. Among these tasks, an important one is to train specialists who would meet the needs of the labor market. One of the components of this market is entrepreneurship, which, according to some scientists, can become a real driver of the national economic system and serve as the basis for increasing the welfare of citizens. The desire to engage in entrepreneurial activity should be conscious, and the activity itself should be prepared in advance. Education system in cooperation with business, non-governmental organizations and other partners is able to form such a desire and provide the necessary basic knowledge for the implementation of the plans of young entrepreneurs. Constructive building of partnership relations defines strategic development prospects for many educational institutions and within the “youth-entrepreneurial” context as well. The goal of our research is to determine the emotional readiness of university students to acquire entrepreneurial skills with participation of university partners...
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Urban and rural students in the Urals: socio-residential assimilation issues
Статья научная
The article discusses current problems of the rural youth migration to the cities in the context of socio-residential assimilation, suggesting a convergence of lifestyles of different large and small social groups living in different types of settlements. The author analyzes the significance of social environments for the formation of political culture of young villagers and the development of their values in the sphere of self-identification. The article suggests that successful strategic socio-economic development (prosperity) of large cities, especially megacities, should be closely connected with their responsibility for the adequate development of small towns and rural settlements in order to reproduce and save labor potential of agricultural production in the region and ensure decent life for all actors in this production. The authors’ reflections and conclusions are based on the results of comparative sociological surveys of the urban and rural youth, carried out in various cities and rural settlements of some RF subjects within the Ural Federal District in 2008-2014.
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Value orientations of modern entrepreneurship in Russia
Статья научная
In the theory of entrepreneurship there is a distinct conviction that the value system of entrepreneurs and their behavior have an impact on economic efficiency and, ultimately, on the welfare of the whole society. The issues related to the description of professional and personal qualities of Russian entrepreneurs, their values and motivations, are currently becoming more and more relevant. The development and enrichment of national scientific knowledge in Russian entrepreneurship will largely determine our understanding of its effectiveness for the Russian economy. In domestic literature, there is clear shortage of works devoted to this problem, which is caused by limited capabilities of existing databases. This article attempts to identify the hierarchy of values and their structure in the form of broader orientations in economic behavior of Russian entrepreneurs in the case of fishery business enterprises in Primorsky Krai. Based on an interdisciplinary synthesis, the research proves that the modern theory of entrepreneurship does not only accept the concepts of scientific masterminds, but also enriches their meaningful interpretation...
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Vologda residents’ notions of happiness
Статья научная
The article evaluates the level of happiness in the Vologda Oblast in comparison with the Russian Federation and the countries of the world. It studies the influence of internal sensation of happiness on the perception of socio-political processes and demographic situation. Furthermore, the article analyzes some of the factors affecting the level of happiness (financial situation, professional activities, interpersonal relations, socio-demographic characteristics).
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Working hours in Russia: employment models and choice factors
Статья научная
The paper classifies and investigates working hours in order to identify the structure of their distribution and factors determining their distribution in Russia. Assessment of the situation regarding working time is relevant in conditions of non-standard employment when it is necessary to search for ways to improve productivity. Our article adds to well-known publications that focus on the analysis of working hours and miss the important point that the same number of working hours can be implemented under different working time schemes, which entails, for example, different options for regulation and protection of employees’ rights. We design a conventional standard model of employment in Russia based on the frequency of occurrence of each of the three time parameters of employment (the number of working hours per week and per day, and the number of working days per week). We find out that this model represents a 40-hour work week with 5 working days and 8 working hours per day. According to the regression analysis of the microdata of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE), we identify factors that increase the probability of employment under this model, namely: availability of an employment contract, work in companies with state participation, employment in management bodies. While regional trends remain heterogeneous, the conventional standard model continues to spread, but it has not yet become the predominant model of working hours. We show that the growth of balance in the use of working hours is accompanied by processes that do not contribute to economic competitiveness, evenness of regional development and the quality of human potential in Russia. The results we obtain enrich the knowledge about the actual working time schemes used in Russia and can serve as a basis for making substantiated decisions to identify the reserves of working time and find ways to optimize it. Further research can analyze the quality of employment under different working hours.
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Статья научная
The article considers the issues concerning the inclusion of modern Russian youth in the processes of modernization; the study is based on the analysis of the results of a sociological research carried out using questionnaires. Modernization in the broadest theoretical terms is understood as a comprehensiveandmanageableprocessofrenewalofthesocialsystem, itsapproximationtoaqualitatively new state on the basis of deep civilizational changes with the aim of improving living conditions. In this case the specific and long-established features of the value system of specific regions are investigated as the most important resource of modernization projects. It is shown that there exists a system lag in the pace and quality of modernization processes in the regions of the Southern Federal District of Russia, as recorded in the statistics and responses of the representatives of the young generation of the macro region. The reason for this situation lies in the scale of alienation from the results of labor activity that are more clearly seen in the Southern Federal District than in Russia as a whole, and this is largely caused by the artificial (institutional) pumping of surplus value produced in its territory to other regions of the country...
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Youth employment as a condition of the social-labour sphere modernization
Статья научная
The article reveals the role of youth in the modernization of the socio-labour sphere. It determines the main problems of the young people in the labor sphere, based on the analysis of statistical data and monitoring results of the socio-economic status of the Vologda Oblast youth, held by ISEDT RAS in 2012.
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Статья научная
Value orientations of the older generation (over 55 years of age) are well-established, and, as a rule, they are influenced by the worldview that developed in the Soviet time. As for young people, their life ideas relating to various manifestations of social reality are still actively forming. In this regard, the two generations have certain differences in their sets of values. It is interesting and important to study them because young people perceive their current status and opportunities as being completely natural, while for their parents much of what looks normal and routine now was completely inaccessible in the years of their youth. The article considers value orientations of young people from former Soviet countries by highlighting their similarities and differences in comparison to those of the older generation. We are particularly interested in the views on the life and mindset of young people who represent a generation oriented toward modernization changes in society...
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Youth's activity in changing reality: self-regulation contradictions
Статья научная
The article substantiates the socio-cultural approach to the study of self-regulation contradictions of youth's activity. The developed approach considers the process of forming the meanings that determine the content orientation of self-regulation contradictions in changing reality. As a source for youth's development, the authors analyze contradictions between cultural and social, unconscious and conscious, traditional and modern, objective and subjective. The researchers carry out the empirical testing of the developed concept on the basis of the study results in relation to education, labor and family. Both conservative and constructive components become evident in the clash of culture and the social. The conservative component is associated with situations of various forms of economic restrictions, while the constructive one is related to rationalizing youth's attitude to education, labor and family, and searching for alternative ways to resolve contradictions. The contradiction between the unconscious and the conscious manifests itself as a conflict of essences - terminal, self-valuable, instrumental and rational attitude to the objects of reality. The contradiction between the traditional and the modern appears in different ways in education, labor, and family. In education, traditional educational values are devalued; there are no conditions for strengthening the modern ones. In labor, the historically formed contradiction of its instrumental and terminal essence persists. In family relations, there is a sharp discrepancy between the youth's desire for modern forms of family creation and the traditional forms that dominate in the society. The contradiction between the objective and the subjective in various spheres reflects the existing problems of objective reality and the subjective youth's attitude toward them. Empirically, the authors analyze the contradictions based on the results of comparative sociological studies conducted in 2014 and 2017.
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“Knowledge workers” and modernization in the region
Статья научная
Professional education is the main part of personnel training and it serves as the driver of modernization process. “Knowledge workers” are carriers of knowledge provided by the professional training system. Professional activity of “knowledge workers” is strategically important in the economy under transformation. The paper reviews domestic and foreign experience and defines criteria for identifying people as “knowledge workers”: educational level, employment in “intellectually demanding” industries. The study identifies specific characteristics of “knowledge workers”, represents their typological classification depending on their employment affiliation (professional managers, new workers, certified technicians, scientists, innovator specialists). The paper focuses on determining the level of implementation of employment potential of qualified specialists in the context of economic modernization. The authors define the dependence of the level of regions' modernization on the employment of workers that have vocational education...
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Статья научная
The purpose for the research is to analyze the key features of local identities based on the theoretical approach of multiple identity and analysis of large volumes of empirical information. The article is based on the hypothesis that the spread of global communications as widespread practices gradually brings citizens outside the local circle, providing socio-economic and socio-cultural integration. Methods of analysis: calculation of indices of strata proximity, regression models, analysis of variance. The research novelty lies in the substantiation of the necessity of introducing the contextual meaning of the term “place identity” which is associated with the socio-economic criteria of support for network communications by content features and is due to the mechanisms for distinguishing levels of strata proximity. The authors empirically verify the concept on sociological databases; identify new effects and performance of identities in Russia. The main results include: theoretical study and empirical estimation of the regional identity based on comparative analysis of performance of seven regions and Russia as a whole by a common methodology during 2002-2016; the author's model of structuring “place identity” as a symbolic resource and a criteria of support for network communications; the differences of strata proximity levels and main factors for their reproduction...
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