Social development. Рубрика в журнале - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Social well-being and expectations of the youth in the industrial region
Статья научная
The article covers the social expectations of young people in a large industrial region of Russia in relation to their social well-being. The information framework of the article consists of results of a sample study conducted by the sociologists of Ural Federal University supervised by Yu.R. Vishnevsky in 2016 in the Yekaterinburg and Sverdlovsk oblasts. The survey sample includes 2,512 people aged 15-30, target quota sample was used, with quota signs such as employment (working, studying, and unemployed youth), age (young people of three age groups - under 20, 21-25, and 26-30) and type of settlement (residents of Ekaterinburg, other large cities in the region, medium or small towns, villages and urban-type settlements). The present paper raises the problem of studying the social well-being of young people, with a key factor being their focus on the future, their expectations and life strategies. Based on analysis of scientific concepts devoted to the population’s social well-being, an important feature of the youth as a socio-demographic group is revealed: their focus on the future and a vast planning horizon...
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Social well-being of the Belarusian youth: a sociological analysis
Статья научная
The article considers the concept «social wellbeing» from the point of view of the theory and a technique of its sociological studying. Results of empirical research of social state of health of the Belarusyouth in comparison with other age groups are given. Conclusions concerning the social wellbeing of modern youth in the conditions of world financial and economic crisis are made.
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Socially oriented taxation and how it is perceived (case study of a survey of economists-to-be)
Статья научная
The article discusses the prospects for adapting unconventional tax mechanisms to tax administration in a secular multicultural state. The purpose of the study is to identify significant factors which determine the advisability of establishing socially oriented taxes as perceived by economists-to-be that do not possess enough information about alternative tax practices and mechanisms for their implementation. Scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that it considers socially-oriented taxation in more detail; this type of taxation is suggested to be considered in conjunction with religious tax practices, which significantly complements existing ideas about the specifics of functioning of modern tax systems. The research methodology includes the use of the questionnaire method. The respondents are future economists - students of Saint Petersburg State University. At the first stage, we test the level of awareness of respondents about alternative tax practices...
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Socio-cultural and value paradigms of public civil servants in Russia
Статья научная
In the modern Russian society, there is a contradiction between the goals and objectives of civil service, its social relevance and applied nature, on the one hand, and the growing dissatisfaction of the population on the other hand. The article describes and analyzes the socio-cultural and value paradigms of civil servants in the Russian Federation, which define the characteristics of their activities. The authors emphasize the importance of a motivational resource such as socio-cultural and value paradigms in the process of reforming the modern institution of civil service. The research results revealed a number of problems. A significant part of the structure of life goals of civil servants is occupied by material interests; according to the respondents’ estimates, the activities they do are not related to the categories of “favorite activity”, “interesting job”. Some government employees consider “service to the Fatherland”, “useful contribution to the society and the state” as the main purpose for their professional activity...
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Статья научная
The article summarizes theoretical views on the essence of socio-cultural factors in economic growth. We single out their components (mental attitudes, morality, cultural traditions, professional recognition), which, when used effectively, promote the growth of work performance efficiency. We also consider theoretical and methodological approaches to the category of “professional calling”, define its essence and features (such as deep commitment to the chosen field of work, high responsibility and dedication in the profession, selflessness and creative attitude to the work, spiritual connection of man with the profession, positive mental attitude in the work). The aim of the research is to evaluate the impact of professional calling as a social and cultural phenomenon on the economic performance of work (for example, wages, efficiency and quality of work, motivation to work, etc.) that are directly linked to labor productivity as the basis for material reproduction and productivity of the economy...
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Socio-cultural types of population in the region
Статья научная
The article presents an analysis of ISEDT RAS social study carried out in the Vologda Oblast that allowed the authors to identify the most important aspects of socio-cultural modernization: the differentiation of behavior, psychological traits of individuals and social self-identification. It is shown that the population of the region, involved in the transformation, is in the process of socio-cultural division into groups that have dissimilar behavioral characteristics; a new system of interests and value relation to the current changes is formed in different social strata.
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Sociological analysis of human capital factors and resources
Статья научная
The relevance of the study is due to the lack of a single position in the scientific, state, and public discourse on the accumulation, development, and implementation of human capital. The article deals with the theoretical concepts of human and social capital, its main components; it presents the results of studying the dynamics and structure of socio-economic well-being and human capital resources. The sociological analysis is carried out by measuring social well-being of the population (the case of the Tyumen Oblast), namely its key components: the degree of life satisfaction, social optimism and protection from the main social dangers, generalized trust and trust in institutions. The authors have considered human capital resources through self-assessments of health, material well-being, health, education, status, and work motivation. As an empirical base, we used data from monitoring studies (2006-2019) conducted within the framework of the all-Russian project “Socio-Cultural Portraits of the Russian Regions”. We used the index method, correlation method, factor and variance analysis in the study. The results obtained made it possible to give a general assessment of the processes of human capital resources development, to identify the contradictions in the public consciousness, to determine the relationship between human capital resources and social capital. In particular, the research showed that social capital is associated with the citizens’ feeling protection from the main problems and dangers, and it has a weak but statistically stable connection with the components of social and material well-being. The authors note that life satisfaction, social optimism, self-esteem of protection from problems and dangers and trust in institutions increase with the growth of family’s material security. Achievement motivation, which is a necessary condition for the development of human capital resources, is currently not related to the status of a respondent, his or her material wealth and social capital.
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Sociological aspects of rotational employment in the northern territories of Western Siberia
Статья научная
The article describes features of the lifestyle associated with rotational employment system in developing oil and gas resources of Northwestern Siberia. It shows the change in conceptual approaches to the organization of commuting, the dynamics of key parameters, the socio-cultural features of mobile and multilocal lifestyle of commuters. The consideration of the rotational method as complex and significant for the implementation of the tasks set for the Arctic and subarctic areas of Russia has allowed to reveal the interaction system of basic elements of commuting and offer more efficient tools and technologies as compared to traditional management. The author presents some results of the sociological research in the oil and gas companies located in Northwestern Siberia. The work discloses the factors of negative impact of commuting on health, physical and social well-being of people leading “double” and mobile lives. They are the following: need for long stay in closed space with strangers, differences in natural conditions of places of residence and work (pressure drops, oxygen deficiency in the North, light aperiodicity, food and water quality, cold and mosquitoes, separation from family, etc.), increased physical and emotional stress...
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Spatial aspects of the region's of population socio-economic differentiation
Статья научная
The article makes a comparative assessment of living standard of urban and rural population of the Vologda region in 2000 - 2008. The following indicators are used for this: volume and structure of income and expenditures, the consumption of food, housing, property security, services consumption. The study was based on statistical information and the results of sociological research.
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Spatial development of social service in the northern region
Статья научная
The article examines the parameters and features of medical and educational service in the northern region, for example in the Komi Republic. The author gives evaluation of the issues relating to functioning of the major elements of territorial framework of social service and determined by low-density, great distances and poor connectivity of space. The spatial development directions are emphasized in the context of development of different medical and educational service centers and reinforcement of net cooperation between them.
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Specific features of human potential development of a new generation in Russia
Статья научная
The article on the basis of comparative analysis of terms such as human capital and human potential chooses the latter as one reflecting the specific features of the state and development of the society and an individual most completely. With this in mind, the author identifies the priorities of a new generation in the process of perception and transmission of socio-cultural and science and technology achievements of the previous generations, as well as evaluates the moral state of the society. The author also shows specific features of the communication process amid present conditions and their impact on young people's human potential. The article assesses the role of ideology in social stability and favorable state of human potential. Education and upbringing are compared as complementary elements in the system of shaping a new generation. The author considers in most general terms some specific features of a crisis situation in our country and gives a descriptive definition of a justice crisis as its component. He substantiates the thesis that the present crisis state of science, education and healthcare is the result of their inconsistent and inadequate reformation. The article contains a number of propositions for building up human potential of a new generation.
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Specifics of external migration into the Pskov oblast
Статья научная
Modern scientists consider migration to be a tool that makes it possible to redistribute human capital, which is currently the most important resource. At that, of special interest are the peripheral regions of the country, including those with the cross-border status, where the influence of migration processes on the structure of population is most noticeable. The Pskov Oblast is currently the leader in Russia in terms of depopulation. Natural decline in the region’s population is only partially compensated by migration. In this regard, the role of migration in the solution of demographic issues of regional development is becoming more and more important. The article presents the analysis of migration processes in the Pskov Oblast in the post-Soviet period; the analysis is based on the processing of statistical data. The author attempts to explain the main trends in migration processes in the framework of the Pskov Oblast for the last 20 years. Informational base of the research is formed by the materials of Pskovstat. The research findings can be used in the drafting and adjustment of a concept for demographic development of the region.
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Статья научная
The paper is a result of the scientific theoretical and empirical research conducted by the author on the issue of collective self-preservation of local societies on the territory of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The rise of general welfare is achieved at the expense of weakening family ties, deformation of the demographic structure of the population and, as a result, aggravating demographic risks, various social deviations, destruction of traditional bonds that helped people survive for centuries thanks to social solidarity and mutual aid. Social risks entail, directly or indirectly, all other risks, making them particularly dangerous for the society. However, the society in historical perspective has formed the mechanisms of protection against the negative impact of social and other shocks. These mechanisms are especially pronounced in local resident populations and they currently remain in the form of social control, social solidarity, and other forms of collective protection...
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Статья научная
Competitiveness as a personal characteristic is strategically important in daily and work activities. The article presents analysis of the process of formation of students' competitiveness (case study of high school students and students from secondary vocational and higher educational institutions) with further implementation of competitive strategies in the work of young workers. The youth socio-demographic group is considered as a battery of creative and competitive potential characterized by the desire to develop their own personality and transform the surrounding society. The article presents the assessment of personal characteristics of students and income-earning youths, analyzes the respondents' self-assessment of the level of competitiveness, value attitudes and desirable life characteristics in the long term. The empirical framework includes data of a representative mass questionnaire survey of the youth of the Tyumen Oblast. The sociological research indicates that high school students have a minimum level of competitiveness among all categories of youth and have the potential to improve it among students...
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Study of living standards of the national municipal district of the Karelia Republic
Статья научная
The article presents the results of the study of living standards in the Pryazhinskiy region of the Karelia Republic, which made it possible to identify the factors differentiating property and social status of rural residents, and identify areas to improve their welfare.
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Study of the quality of life of the older generation: a regional experience
Статья научная
The increase in life expectancy in Russia along with low fertility has led to the fact that the age structure of the population has undergone significant changes: the proportion of children in the total population was continuously reducing, while the share of people over 60 was growing. Such transformations have multiple impacts, ranging from the issues of financial provision of pension systems, functioning of the labor market to the change in the value orientations of society. The growth of socio-demographic groups of elderly people leads to the fact that it is becoming increasingly important for the socio-economic development of territories, thus facilitating research in the field of studying its resource potential and quality of life. The paper is devoted to the study of components of a “subjective” quality of life of the specified group of the population. The authors present conceptual approaches to the problem of an “ageing” society and specifics of studying the quality of life of the elderly...
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Статья научная
The article presents some analysis results of students’ self-preservation behavior that is based on the international multi-disciplinary research of university students’ health (in the case of the students who have a specialization in humanities), conducted in Poland and Russia in 2011. The paper is aimed at characterizing the system of students’ values and their influence on the development of self- preservation behavior. The article deals with the health and behavioral characteristics of students. The results of the international multi-disciplinary research allow the authors to suggest that the system of values have a significant influence on the self-preservation behavior of students.
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Taxation as the mechanism of regulation of the population's inequality
Статья научная
The article contains the analysis of the population’s taxation in the countries with the flat and the progressive rates of taxation. The information for the research was taken from the materials of periodical press concerning the subject of the research, and also federal and regional statistical data on wages, incomes and taxes paid by the population of the Vologda oblast were used. It was shown, that the redistributive mechanisms existing in Russia do not only reduce the population’s inequality, but to the opposite, promote its increase. The author offers the directions of adjustment of the mechanisms of redistribution.
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Статья научная
The article deals with technologies substituting hospitalization in the context of the overall structure of health care, discusses the prospects and problems of their introduction into medical practice of public health institutions of the Vologda region from the standpoint of economic efficiency.
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