Social development. Рубрика в журнале - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Статья научная
The paper discusses some features of the source of social entrepreneurship as a new form of business organization, aimed at implementing social objectives in the context of strengthening neoliberal trends in economic policy and economic theory, rather than at maximizing the owners’ profit. It is demonstrated that, remaining within the framework of the neoliberal ideology which retains its influence in the economic science, it is impossible to create an adequate theory explaining the importance of social entrepreneurship in the context of the process of changing paradigms of economic relations, since under the influence of this ideology false stereotypes are established, which is accompanied by falsification of historical facts. In this context it seems that the methodology of political economy, taking into account the current trends in the transformation of socio-economic relations and the deviation of the trend of social development from the framework of the formally preserved, but declining neoliberal paradigm, is very popular, especially since its problem areas include issues such as the distinction between individual and social forms of production, the relations between the necessary and surplus product, the distribution of surplus value (in case of its occurrence), the issues of individualization and socialization of economic phenomena, the correlation between market and non-market production areas and distribution of the final product, the issue of recognizing the social significance of the result of individual labor...
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Population inequality and its impact on the region's socio-economic development
Статья научная
The article is written on the basis of the study of the population's inequality effect on economic and demographic indexes of the Vologda region in the period of 1997 - 2007. The authors carried out a statistical evaluation of the effect of normal and excessive inequality in gross domestic product and indicators of mortality and fertility. The economic and social losses from the population's inequality in the region are identified.
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Статья научная
The researchers are considering the population, demographic processes and settlement of the World Arctic. It is noted that many issues have accumulated in the Arctic: from socio-demographic problems to resettlement ones. Each country solves these problems in its own way, using both universal and private approaches. The article is aimed at considering approaches used in the Russian and foreign practice to studying demographic processes and settlement of the World Arctic. Among the Russian and foreign approaches, it is necessary to mention the following ones: demographic zoning, gender, geopolitical, qualitative, combined, intersectoral, descriptive and historical, statistical, network, systemic, socio-psychological, sociological, technical and economic, ecological and biological approaches, and others. Using these approaches the process of settlement/colonization, the system of the population’s resettlement, and demographic trends in the World Arctic have been considered. It is noted that the colonization of the European North of Russia was taking place from the 10th till the 17th century, Siberia and the Far East - from the end of the 16th till the middle of the 19th century. Settlement has been carried out by its own people; Russia had no need in attracting settlers from other countries. Based on the demographic approach it has been concluded that by the beginning of the 20th century the process of colonization had been completed, and the natural demographic development and further development of the marginal territories had begun. In the foreign Arctic early colonization was of a trade and field nature, then the extraction of raw material resources had started. From the first half of the 20th century the military interest started to dominate; today the economic interest in the development of the Arctic is prevalent. Two opposite trends have been noted in the demographic development: the recessive population dynamics in the Russian Arctic and its constant growth in the foreign one. The settlement network of the Russian Arctic was forming by the network of cities of different sizes, in the foreign one small settlements were created in the initial period; now the network of medium and large cities is expanding. In the recent years the work on a rotational basis has been widely used in the World Arctic.
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Статья научная
The article considers the issue concerning the transformation of political discontent to protest behaviour, which is insufficiently examined in the domestic scientific literature; the processes and factors facilitating this process are analyzed. The authors apply the empirical data of the monitoring of the public opinion of the Vologda Oblast residents, conducted by the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A new integrated model of protest is presented.
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Pressing issues of disability employment
Статья научная
Disability employment is a major tool for creating inclusive society. In Russia, the main obstacles to employment of the disabled are imperfect statutory measures aimed at improving competitiveness of this population group in the labor market; low prestige of jobs for people with disabilities; the employers' unwillingness to hire disabled people. The purpose of this study is to determine the barriers disabled people face on the labor market and to justify the expedience of investing public funds in activities aimed at promoting disabled employment. Works of Russian and foreign authors, national statistics, results of sociological surveys of the population and people with disabilities conducted on the territory of the Vologda Oblast in 2013-2015 represent the information base of the study. The article reviews the impact of employment quotas for the disabled; in particular, it has been established that the number of the employed under such quotas during the period from 2008 to 2014 has declined...
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Статья научная
This article is based on the large-scale survey “the problem of drug addiction among the youth in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania of the RF North Caucasian Federal District”. In April-May North Ossetian Center of Social Research of the Institute of Socio-Political Research RAS together with North Ossetian State University after K.L. Khetagurov conducted a monitoring aimed at evaluating the drug abuse situation in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and identifying the causes of drug abuse among young citizens of the republic. It studied the system of beliefs, habits and aspirations of young people. The research focused on the sociological assessment of the drug abuse situation in the Republic of North Ossetia and it was based on the study of systems of beliefs, habits and preferences of the residents, as well as on the identification of the reasons for the spread of drug addiction among the population. The achievement of this goal required solution of the following tasks: • to evaluate beliefs, value systems, life plans, the state of health of the North Ossetia-Alania citizens,learn their opinion on the possibility of rational leisure time and recreation by means of monitoring;• to assess bad habits of the republic citizens, estimate the society's relation to the problems of drug addiction and drug addicts, analyze the reasons for the emergence and existence of this phenomenon in the society; • to evaluate effectiveness of the measures to combat drug addiction; • to identify reasons for drug addiction, most frequently used types of drugs, the cost of a single dose, a market place and consumers' access to drugs; • to assess practical activities aimed at improving the drug abuse situation in the republic...
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Problem of forming expert groups in regions with different levels of socio-cultural development
Статья научная
The relevance of studying the role of expert group formation in the preparation and implementation of national projects is due to the fact that their realization depends not only on the work of the links of the power and management vertical, but on the ability to attract target groups of specialists interested in a common cause. In practice, the authorities attract an inner circle of known people for this role for specific tasks. As a result, there is a problem of adequate selection of experts in decision-making groups. The purpose of the research is to experimentally identify the nature of real expert group formation, used in regional decision-making, and potential (latent) group formation as a resource of population’s social activity. The scientific novelty of the research is related to the attempt to identify expert structures that allow qualitatively realizing national projects and programs for public administration reform in the regions. The basis for experts’ involvement is their membership in various socio-professional groups, and the establishment of evaluation positions in relation to the activities of regulatory and administrative authorities. The authors use an online survey of qualified specialists in four pilot regions of the Russian Federation with different levels of socio-cultural modernization. To analyze these data, we use the correlation analysis and construct contingency tables.
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Статья научная
Appealing to the problem of distance learning at schools is caused by the urgent transfer of the educational process to a digital format against the background of the pandemic announced in March 2020 due to the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the world. Almost all national education systems in developed countries have been converted to online format. Despite the available experience and a certain readiness of the educational sphere to use distance learning, such a comprehensive mass transition to the “remote mode” could not but cause a number of problems both for the teaching corps and for students and their parents. The purpose of the research is to analyze the first results of distance learning at school in conditions of self-isolation due to the need to contain the spread of coronavirus infection in the country. Information base of the research are online surveys of teachers of the Vologda Oblast and school students' parents of the Republic of Bashkortostan, conducted in April-May 2020 by the Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Bashkir Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The problems of distance learning are identified in a number of aspects: technical (lack of necessary equipment in households, quality of the Internet, reliability of educational platforms), organizational (lack of a unified methodology for online learning; increased workload for teachers; difficulties in conducting some creative and laboratory classes) and socio-cultural (reduced educational motivation of school children; high risks of children's health deterioration). The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive assessment of the situation related to the processes of remote learning of a mass social group of schoolchildren in the context of a pandemic by two key actors of the education system - the teaching corps and parents, as well as in identifying the problems caused by the emergency transition to online learning. The practical significance of the study is in the formation of a knowledge base and grounds for making balanced and adequate management decisions both in the event of such emergency situations, and in the course of further implementation of the national development goals of the Russian Federation until 2030: digital transformation, achieving “digital maturity” of key sectors of the economy and social sphere, including education.
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Problems and prospects of personnel support of the Moscow healthcare system
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the study of the problem of personnel support in the capital's healthcare. Its research is connected, on the one hand, with the analysis of statistical data on the medical personnel staff in organizations, which allows building (on the basis of theoretical model) the prognosis of availability/ absence of staff (according to different indicators). On the other hand, it is connected with the analysis of motivational factors affecting entrance into the profession, long successful professional career, processes of “burnout” and retirement from the profession. In the article, we present the results of the scientific project, conducted in 2019, on studying problems of the quality of the staff in the Moscow's system of healthcare within the implementation of the current capital standard of providing medical assistance. The usage of statistical, mathematical, and sociological research methods allowed us to identify not only the characteristic features of the available labor resources, but also the prospects of personnel support of Moscow healthcare institutions. The forecast for the development of the personnel potential of Moscow's medical organizations is based on statistical data for the last 5 years (2014-2018). The prospects of changing of the age and gender structure of employees (doctors and nursing staff), the number of doctors of the most popular specialties in the capital are shown. On the basis of sociological surveys, we reveal the level of satisfaction of medical employees (depending on working experience) with working conditions (salaries in hospitals and clinics and its correspondence with the work performed). We also define main types of doctors and nursing staff's workload, which act as motivational factors affecting the quality of medical assistance. On the basis of expert opinions, we show material and non-material factors that determine the increase of the personnel potential of the Moscow's healthcare system.
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Problems and prospects of spiritual and moral well-being of the Russian people
Статья научная
The article reviews statistical and sociological characteristics of spiritual and moral well-being of the Russian people during 2000-2015. The authors present their own system of indicators consisting of three components: personal, family and social well-being. Special attention is paid to issues of mortality caused by external causes, harmful addictions, family breakdown, abortion, crime and economic inequality. The article suggests there is a nonlinear correlation between the level of economic development and moral and psychological climate in the society. It shows that Russian society starting from 2000 is characterized by a trend of spiritual recovery; however, some indicators indicate stagnation or even deterioration. The general level of population's spiritual and moral health is far from perfect and is nowhere near the indicators of many foreign countries. The authors characterize the recent positive changes in these spheres and stress the need to pay even more attention to the social and educational component in the government policy...
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Статья научная
In modern conditions of globalization the need for interregional cooperation in the implementation of foreign economic relations of the countries becomes increasingly evident. In this case, if a country becomes part of a larger integration association, it must consider the aspects that arise during the joint existence of two or more countries in the association. The experience of the Union State, being such an association, is considered in the paper. The purpose of the study is to determine key factors preventing the creation of the common economic space of the Union State and the opportunities for development of interregional relations, which will facilitate a more dynamic adaptation of regional economies to modern business processes and, therefore, create new opportunities for the development and implementation of competitive advantages in the regions of both countries. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the article defines the essence and meaning of “interregional cooperation”...
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Protest sentiments of the region's population in crisis
Статья научная
One form of social protest is the protest sentiments of the population, i.e., the expression of extreme dissatisfaction with their position in the current situation. In the present paper we make an attempt to trace the dynamics of protest potential in the region, draw a social portrait of the inhabitants of the region prone to protest behavior, identify the most important factors determining the formation of a latent protest activity, and identify the causes of the relative stability of protest potential in the region during the economic crisis. The study was conducted on the basis of statistics and results of regular monitoring held by ISEDT RAS in the Vologda region.
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Public investment in targeted social assistance programs
Статья научная
The article analyzes the role of a monthly child care allowance in the budget of needy families. The author uses the data on the Republic of Komi and makes a comparative assessment of municipalities by the share of children subject to a monthly allowance in the total number of children. The author defines five groups of territories according to the level of social protection of children aged under 18. The article reveals that the role of a monthly child care allowance in a budget of families with children is insignificant, especially in rural areas of the republic.
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Public opinion concerning the world financial and economic crisis and its consequences for Belarus
Статья научная
Public opinion concerning feasible directions of the crisis influence on Belarus, attitudes towards the anti crisis programme and more probable consequences of the crisis, ways of reaction to the crisis, possibility of protest actions and personal participation in such events, patience index change as well as trust in social institutions and government bodies were analyzed in the representative random survey.
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Quality of the population as a major driving force of systemic modernization of the Russian society
Статья научная
The article analyzes the state of the quality of life in modern Russia as a result of the increase in the standard of living and quality of life and as a major modernization factor. The author presents the indicators and trends describing the change in the quality of the population. The article proposes to combine the classical patronage (extensive) approach and the participatory (intensive) formation of a “participatory society” in the implementation of social policy. According to the author, one of the main directions of this approach is the redirection of demographic policy from the quantity to the quality of the population, and to the accumulation and realization of human potential.
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Regional competition for confidence: features of formation
Статья научная
The increase in economic independence of the regions inevitably leads to an increase in the quality requirements of the regional economic policy. The key to successful regional policy, both during its development and implementation, is the understanding of the necessity of gaining confidence (at all levels), and the inevitable participation in the competition for confidence. The importance of confidence in the region is determined by its value as a competitive advantage in the struggle for partners, resources and tourists, and attracting investments. In today's environment the focus of governments, regions and companies on long-term cooperation is clearly expressed, which is impossible without a high level of confidence between partners. Therefore, the most important competitive advantages of territories are intangible assets such as an attractive image and a good reputation, which builds up confidence of the population and partners. The higher the confidence in the region is, the broader is the range of potential partners, the larger is the planning horizon of long-term concerted action, the better are the chances of acquiring investment, the higher is the level of competitive immunity of the territories...
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Regional reserves for raising life expectancy in the conditions of convergence of its level
Статья научная
The goal of the paper is to assess changes in the regional differentiation of life expectancy in Russia for 2003-2017, to consider the features of the level and growth rate of life expectancy, gender differences in the indicator, the difference between urban and rural areas, the structure of mortality due to death, the level of infant mortality in the regions of Russia; the paper also defines regional reserves for further increase in life expectancy. The relevance of the topic is due to significant regional differentiation, Russia’s significant lagging behind developed countries, and the goals associated with this field. We arrange Russian regions into nine groups with annual intervals of the indicator and evaluate the changes in the groups in 2003-2017. We find out that in the conditions of growing life expectancy there has been a marked convergence of regions; they approached the Russian average level according to this indicator. Regional convergence has occurred at the expense of the extreme groups in terms of the indicator, and primarily due to the lagging regions getting closer to the leaders; i.e. we observe the catch-up nature of convergence. This suggests that over the period of 2004-2017, the relatively easy-to-implement life expectancy growth reserves, which are typical for low-indicator regions, have been used quite well, while further growth in high-indicator regions is not an easy task, since the possibilities of first-order factors, such as gender differentiation, the difference between urban and rural indicators, the share of mortality from external causes, and infant mortality rate, have been largely implemented. Nevertheless, all nine groups of regions still have reserves to increase life expectancy, due to certain growth factors of the first order. The groups with the most unfavorable level of the indicator have the greatest reserves. However, factors such as the lag in the rural indicator and the value of infant mortality in the group with very high life expectancy provide opportunities for further increase due to growth factors of the first order.
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Regional social capital and multiple modernization in Russia. On defining the problem
Статья научная
The article raises the issues of relationship between multiple modernization and social capital in Russia’s regions. Social capital is considered as a factor that determines the specifics and pace of modernization. The article also shows the ways to measure social capital and the necessity to develop the indicators for making socio-cultural portraits of the regions with regard to Russia’s conditions.
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Regional sociological research experience
Статья научная
The article presents the experience of the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of RAS in conducting sociological research on the territory of the Vologda Oblast and the Northwestern Federal District. It describes the historical aspects of formation of the system for public opinion monitoring and examines its theoretical and methodological foundations. The author of the article analyzes the structure of monitoring indicators and provides a brief interpretation of research findings that reflect social well-being and social perception trends. In addition, the paper analyzes people's attitude toward the activities of federal and regional authorities, trends in social well-being, consumer sentiment and also the complex indicator - the index of public sentiment in the region - developed by ISEDT RAS researchers. The results of sociological studies carried out at ISEDT RAS correlate with the dynamics of the all-Russian public opinion polls conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM), Levada-Center, etc...
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Reproductive health as a factor in quality of population reproduction
Статья научная
The paper substantiates the significance of health for population reproduction, examines reproductive health trends in the Vologda region in comparison with Russia in whole. It reveals main problems and causes of worsening reproductive health and therefore reproduction of population.
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