Branch-wise economy. Рубрика в журнале - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Trade effects in the commodity markets of the Asia-Pacific region
Статья научная
The aim of the research is to assess long-term effects of trade integration in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) at the level of commodity markets - industrial and primary goods. Over the previous three decades, trade within the APR has significantly increased, thanks to the lowering of trade and economic barriers as a result of trade agreements and the WTO accession by almost all countries in the subglobal region. We show that trade between the Asia-Pacific countries greatly exceed their trade with other countries of the world, due to the increase in the exchange of goods, both primary and industrial goods including in the production chains of transnational corporations. Estimates derived from the gravity model indicate that in the long term the overall positive effect of trade integration in the APR is manifested through the complementarity of regionalization and globalization processes, with the dominance of the latter. The regionalization process stimulates an increase in most of the aggregate trade in industrial goods, while trade of primary goods is generated exclusively by globalization, which explains the motivation of a number of countries specializing in exports, including Russia, in their reluctance to expand trade agreements with other APR countries. The article points out that along with the process of regionalization, globalization in the Asia-Pacific region contributes to the expansion of trade in industrial goods, with the production chains of transnational corporations successfully functioning within the framework of trade agreements. The assessments also point to signs of the exhaustion of globalization as a source of increasing trade in industrial goods in the APR, which may be related to the fragmentation of the subglobal region as manifested in creating trade megaformats in recent years. We assume that under the current instability of foreign policy processes in the APR, the introduction of various kinds of restrictions can lead to the transformation of trade and economic relations in the sub-global region, manifesting itself in the redistribution of the accumulated benefits of integration for the Asia-Pacific countries.
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Transformation of machine building of the Republic of Karelia
Статья научная
The article considers the process of mechanical engineering transformation from the beginning of market reforms up to the present time. The article provides the comprehensive analysis of the republic’s machine-building sector, represented by several types of activities, and presents the dynamics of indicators characterizing its development. Besides, it defines the region’s machine building development prospects.
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Ways to enhance the economic turnover of fruit and berry production in the region
Статья научная
Enhancement of the regions' self-sufficiency in handling their socio-economic development issues predetermines their increasing importance in the search for new sources of economic growth and improvement of the quality of life, an important characteristic of which is nutrition, including the consumption of fruit and berries. This issue is particularly relevant for the European North of Russia, where the development of its own fruit and berry production is constrained by climatic conditions. These territories can find a source of economic growth in the formation of the fruit and berry market with a significant potential for development based on the resources of wild fruits and berries that the northern regions are rich in. The article describes the main spheres of functioning of the fruit and berry market in the northern regions through the development of integrated network structures that promote integration of fruit and berry production and processing, as well as support on the part of the authorities in creating appropriate conditions for the normal functioning of the market.
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What hinders the development of small businesses: the view of the Murmansk oblast entrepreneurs
Статья научная
In recent years there has been a slowdown in the growth rate of Russia's sector of small and medium entrepreneurship; this issue once again brings to the fore the search for new ways and mechanisms in the management of its subjects. A necessary condition for such a search consists in focusing on the problems that hinder the development of this sector and that can be revealed exclusively in the formation of valuable and accurate information - the collective views of its representatives. In this regard, the information base for the analysis was found in the results of several studies initiated by the all-Russian public organization “OPORA Rossii” (Moscow), its regional branch in Murmansk and the Northern Chamber of Commerce and Industry; the results were obtained in the course of the questionnaire survey, which was conducted among entrepreneurs with the purpose of revealing their assessment of the terms of doing business. The generalization of the research results and information obtained by the author in cooperation with representatives of small business and workers of the Prosecutor's Office has identified the main problems, their causes and consequences of their impact on the activity of the Murmansk Oblast business sector...
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Working Out Social Guidelines for the Industry Development of Metallurgy
Статья научная
At present, traditional methods used in forecasting the development of economic sectors no longer provide acceptable results; thus it becomes relevant to work out new methods and approaches to industry forecasting. The paper proposes an approach to forecasting the development of industries under the influence of processes taking place in the social sphere. We consider major contradictions caused by the influence of metallurgical production on the formation of socio-economic conditions in Russia. We show that social factors played a significant role in making decisions on the establishment of metallurgical enterprises and the management of the metal market. We highlight major social functions performed by metallurgy. The study of the commodity market of metal products is supplemented by an analysis of changes in the positions of metallurgical enterprises in the capital market and the labor market. We note that social expenditures help metallurgical companies to gain public recognition of their performance results and change the level of their capitalization. This made it possible to develop a methodological approach to assessing the prospects of industry development with the use of guidelines for Russia’s social development. We propose to use the following economic criterion: assessment of accumulation of funds invested in the development of production, preservation and growth of capital. We estimate social impact generated by development of metallurgical production under various scenarios of managing the decision-making system in Russia. We compare a business-oriented scenario, a scenario involving state paternalism, and a scenario of radical social transformations. We substantiate the conclusion about the advantages that the social variant of development of the state provides for creating a promising image of national metallurgy. This scenario will ensure high dynamics of metal production, growth of business capitalization and quality of life in Russia.
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