Socio-economic development strategy. Рубрика в журнале - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Management of vertically integrated systems formation and development in the Russian economy
Статья научная
The article reviews the essence, nature, features and basic approaches to the interpretation of vertical integration. It proves that one of the key conditions for modernizing and neo-industrializing domestic economy and transforming Russia into an industrialized country is overcoming technological fragmentation of business entities, as was the case in the Soviet Union and is now observed in the developed countries. In this situation, it is vertical integration which can ensure the diversification and restructuring of the economy, the linkage between the extractive and processing industries. Based on the results of analyzing the activities of major multinational corporations (Royal Dutch Shell, Sinopec Corp., Valio Ltd. etc.) it has been proved that these integrated systems supply competitive products with high degrees of processing and serve as growth drivers in developed economies. To justify this, the author calculated the companies' value added multiplier. Currently, vertically integrated systems such as PhosAgro PJSC, LUKOIL PJSC, Miratorg agro-industrial holding company, KamAZ OJSC, Arkhangelsk pulp and paper mill PJSC operate in various economic sectors...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
This article considers uneven socio-economic development of territories. The experience of many countries convincingly demonstrates that the heterogeneity of space is a significant obstacle to the sustainable development of regions. Having analyzed the works of foreign and domestic scientists, the authors prove that in the course of transformation of the views on spatial development, there gradually evolved an idea of uneven socio-economic development as an objective feature of any territory. The study classifies factors that influence the socio-economic inequality of territories and determine its complexity. The authors pay attention to the fact that when studying development unevenness the researchers use different terms (“differentiation”, “asymmetry”, “polarization”, “disproportion”) that are often treated as similar. Therefore, the paper puts forward a hypothesis that there exists a relationship between these concepts that have similar meaning, and the special nature of this relationship is manifested in the fact that these concepts represent different stages of unevenness...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article considers the issues of improvement of methodological support in assessing the effectiveness of the state social and economic policy in relation to Russia’s northern regions. It provides a brief analysis of methodological approaches and mechanisms to assess the policies based on the function of the area of assessment, the object, subject and target of assessment, and depending on the methods of estimation. The authors point out the absence of a common approach to interpretation of the notions of “effectiveness” and “performance efficiency” of a policy, this fact leads to ambiguity and complexity of assessment. The methodological tools proposed by the authors for assessing the implementation of the policy include key principles and an algorithm. Assessment of policy effectiveness using the proposed tools includes socio-economic, environmental and institutional components. The socio-economic component involves evaluation of the goals and objectives of the policy with regard to Russia’s northern regions on the basis of qualitative and quantitative indicators...
Бесплатно
Modeling of diversification of market as a basis for sustainable economic growth
Статья научная
The article considers the issue of dependence of key macroeconomic indicators on the energy supply price dynamics, especially oil price, relevant to the modern Russian economy. In order to overcome the negative trends related to oil price dynamics, the authors propose to consider the measures on the gradual diversification of the Russian economy as an effective tool of state regulation. To test the hypothesis that diversification contributes to the increase in sustainability of the national economic system, the authors review the simultaneous equations model, the endogenous variables of which include structural values which reflect the structure of national production system. The share of gross value added (hereinafter, GVA) generated in the i-th sector in the total GVA and the base GVA index generated in the i-th sector similar to the industry output index sequentially serve as endogenous variables in this study. The test of the hypothesis was carried out in two stages: at the first stage, according to the results of econometric modeling, the indicator of the real effective ruble exchange rate to foreign currencies was chosen as the main exogenous variable; at the second stage, the basic system of equations was evaluated...
Бесплатно
New technological shape of basic branches of RF industrial regions
Статья научная
The article emphasizes the increasing importance of industry in the economic development of both developing and developed countries. It highlights the decisive role of basic industries of the RF industrial regions in ensuring the level of their socio-economic development. The work substantiates the possibility to develop basic industries of some industrial regions as the ones that are knowledge-intensive, high-tech and can meet the requirements of new industrialization. The authors propose their understanding of new industrialization in terms of inclusive development. The article introduces a term “repositioning of the regional industrial complex” as a gradual process of interdependent technological, economic, social- institutional, environmental and organizational change based on innovation. It proves that this complex should be viewed as a network of competitive and structurally balanced productions, satisfying individualized needs of the high-tech sector in knowledge-intensive goods and services and increased quality needs of traditional industries...
Бесплатно
On the role of investment in the socio-economic development of territories
Статья научная
The modern stage of Russia’s socio-economic development is characterized by the lack of budgetary resources to finance both strategic and current tasks. The situation is exacerbated by the introduction of political and economic sanctions, the significant fluctuations in oil prices and the ruble exchange rate, the growing mistrust on the part of business, followed by the increase in capital outflow. These circumstances predetermine the search for the ways to solve the socio-economic problems. The studies of leading Russian and foreign scientists prove that investment plays a major role in ensuring sustainable economic growth and solving the problems of territorial development. Moreover, the recently increasing impact of large companies on the country’s development and the low budget lead to the necessity to attract private investment resources for regional development. In this regard, the authors analyze the investment activity in Russia, present the countries’ rankings by the state of investment climate and disclose the successful experience of business’ participation in sociallysignificant regional projects...
Бесплатно
Passive behavior of the government. Budget problems are aggravating in the regions
Статья научная
Despite a number of reforms, the current multi-level budgetary system does not fully correspond to the development strategy of the country and its regions. Still the Russian Government has not taken effective measures to address the main structural contradiction of the budgetary system, based on the non-adequate distribution of revenue and expenditure responsibilities, manifested in the sharp decline in the revenue base of territorial budgets during the 2009 global financial crisis. However, the crisis effects have not been analyzed and the conclusions have not been made. The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation tried to solve the problem of territorial budgets imbalance not by enhancing existing mechanisms of revenue distribution at the regional level, but by granting large-scale loans to be repaid after 2012. Despite it, due to the sharp rise in the social burden1, the deficit and the debt load enlarged and resulted in the budget crisis in the regions. The experts of the Higher School of Economics state that 20 RF subjects, having the level of public debt above 80%, had been actually in default2 by the end of 2014...
Бесплатно
Population quality and regional economy: direct and indirect correlation
Статья научная
The article presents informative analysis of the place and role of population quality in the country’s socio-economic development. The study has two major objectives: to determine the dependence of quality characteristics of the population on purely economic factors, and assess the extent and nature of the impact of the population quality on economic development. We present an extended author’s description of the category “population quality” which includes the following aspects: economic activity, demographic processes, physical health, cultural potential, social health, educational potential, attitude to the environment. Ten statistical indicators out of 63 were selected and substantiated using correlation analysis within these aspects describing quality characteristics of the population. The information framework of the research includes data from the Federal State Statistics Service on 83 constituent entities of Russia for 2014. Based on selected indicators we conducted cluster analysis which helped classify elped the regions including and excluding economic factors...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The paper considers the role and place of monetary policy in ensuring the reproduction of modern economy. Monetary policy conducted by the Bank of Russia is based on the IMF’s universal recommendations, which are inconsistent both with the conditions of reproduction of the Russian economy and with specific features of the current period of structural changes in the world economy. The ongoing change of technological and world economic orders is accompanied by fundamental changes in the composition of the industries that determine economic growth, as well as in the system of institutions for managing economic reproduction. The resulting opportunities for a breakthrough in the development of the Russian economy can be implemented only in conditions of an appropriate monetary policy focused on lending to promising areas of economic growth within the existing production factors. The goal of the present paper is to substantiate the mismatch between the monetary policy and the potential opportunities for the growth of the Russian economy in the conditions of changing technological and global economic orders. The paper criticizes the draft major directions of the unified state monetary policy for 2019 and for the period of 2020-2021 and proves that they are inconsistent with modern knowledge about the laws of economic development and growth opportunities of the Russian economy.
Бесплатно
Public nature of the concepts for economic development in the northern and arctic regions of Russia
Статья научная
In a situation when Russia's economic development is unbalanced by factors and financial sources, there emerges a threat of depletion of its natural resources in the Northern and Arctic regions, which does not bring any apparent benefit to Russia itself, and especially to its northern dwellers. In order to work out a proper policy with relation to the North, it is necessary to consider not only the specifics of the raw material specialization of the Northern and Arctic territories and their structural-functional organization, but also the crucial public nature of this specialization and this organization. It is from the point of view of public interest and national security of our country that residents of the North should be viewed not as a tool to provide the world economy with raw materials and fuel, but as an inherently valued reality, competing for their “place under the sun” and capable of equipping this place based on their own abilities, needs and perceptions of well-being...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article brings to the fore the issues related to identifying and assessing the relationship between the development of the research sector and the innovative growth of regions. It is shown that the key feature of the knowledge generation sector is research potential, the essence of which is directly related to the level of development of fundamental and applied research, the degree of their implementation in the material sector of the economy. We reveal that at present the research is carried out, which affects various aspects of the assessment of research potential, identifying the trends in its development and mechanisms of its implementation at different levels. The comparative analysis carried out in the article shows that all methodological approaches include a fairly identical set of indicators characterizing quantitative characteristics and their dynamics; many of them use aggregated indices that make it possible to compare countries and regions. In addition to the existing methods, our own approach proposes to analyze not only quantitative, but also qualitative characteristics in order to create conditions for the formation of the environment for innovative development of the region. Thus, on the example of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences we show that the priority directions of research development should not only correspond to the global and national scientific agenda, but also address the issues of innovative development of the regions in which research centers are located. The article presents the analysis of the regions in which scientific institutes and centers of the Ural Branch of RAS are located; we make a classification of these regions, highlighting the regions-innovators, regions-followers and catching up regions; priorities of innovation and technological development are identified for each region and then they are compared with the priorities of the Ural Branch of RAS. We put forward the thesis that in addition to the concentration of researchers the most important condition for the generation of knowledge and for the creation of breakthrough technologies is a high concentration of investment resources in the field of science. On the example of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences we present the data on the need for investment in the development of scientific organizations and scenarios for their development.
Бесплатно
Russian society in 2015: what we learned about IT from sociological polls
Статья научная
Modern socio-political history of Russia can be quite clearly divided into several important periods, each of which is characterized by particular political environment and specific social consciousness. The accession of Crimea and Sevastopol to the Russian Federation in March 2014 is one of the landmark events, a milestone that marks the transition from one phase of this history to the next. This event (or rather, process that started, according to some estimates, in the autumn of 2013, or in February 2014) indicated a sharp turn in Russian foreign policy and in its relations with the West and East. The accession of Crimea has led to phenomenal growth and expansion of support for the policy pursued by Vladimir Putin and for his personality: without exaggeration, he has become not just a political leader but the leader of the nation. The trend set by the accession of Crimea was evolving in 2014-2015; a special feature of this development was that Russia obtained the positive effect almost immediately, and negative consequences followed only after a while...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The relevance of the article consists in the fact that taking into account modern global economic changes and the specialization of the Russian economy, it (the economy) is searching for ways to integrate optimally into the international division of labor; at the same time, cooperation with China becomes important. The main idea and goal of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of science and technology development in Russia and China and to identify prospects for their cooperation in the modern world economy. Scientific novelty of the work consists in the fact that it analyzes the state of international cooperation in science and technology, and this analysis takes into account the overall situation in trade and economic cooperation, and manifestations of science and technology cooperation in trade; besides, the analysis takes into account science and technology cooperation factors such as the place of countries in the global innovative development, the presence of similar national priorities of science and technology development, and similar types of policy documents...
Бесплатно
Shaping the population and labor resources in the Russian Far East
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the problems of demographic situation in the Far East of Russia. It considers the formation of the population and labor potential; shows the dynamics of the population in the Far East according to the all-Union (1989) and all-Russian population censuses (2002 and 2010) and the current population accounting for 01.01.2018; reveals the trend of long-term reduction in the number of inhabitants in the macroregion; substantiates the need to implement the objective to secure population. The relevance of the study is due to the need to determine the risks with the emerging parameters of the natural and migration components involved in the demographic indicators of the Far Eastern region, in the implementation of the strategy to achieve the population according to the Concept of demographic policy in the Far East1 adopted in 2017. The factors contributing to the reduction of natural population growth are covered. The negative role of migration in the population dynamics in the macroregion is noted...
Бесплатно
Small business in Russia: everyday issues and development constraints
Статья научная
The article is based on the data of “Russian longitudinal monitoring survey of economic situation and public health NRU HSE” (RLMS-HSE) and considers current issues and specifics of social well-being of entrepreneurs engaged in small business - managers of micro-enterprises and individual entrepreneurs as one of the least protected professional groups who face great difficulties in organizing their business. The analysis confirms that numerous lingering problems impeding their work cause a reduction in the level of entrepreneurial activity, significantly worsen the social well-being of entrepreneurs and force many of them to change professional and life plans. The study reveals that social well-being of entrepreneurs engaged in small business is complex and uncertain; it is a consequence of an inconsistency between conditions of life and work, and the heterogeneity of this category of employees. They feel happy more often than wage workers. However, possessing a relatively high level of job satisfaction and life satisfaction in general, and having higher self-assessment of professional skills, small-scale entrepreneurs are less concerned with the low prestige of their work and their lack of wide power and authority in comparison to other categories of employed persons; they are cautious in establishing relationships with other people and they have a comparatively low level of law-abidance...
Бесплатно
Social innovation as an effective response to modern challenges in education
Статья научная
The system of education is an engine of progress in the modern world. On the one hand, it shapes human capital thus contributing to social development and improving the competitiveness of economies; on the other hand, it is a kind of mechanism that helps adapt to changes in the global labor market. At the same time, educational systems all over the world are continuously faced with certain challenges and problems associated with the development of globalization, informatization, integration, knowledge economy, etc. Social innovations are one of the effective tools to address these challenges. The article brings to the fore the issues associated with the development of social innovation in the system of education. The goal of the work is to highlight specific characteristics of social innovation in education, to analyze the current state of social innovation in Russia on the example of the system of education, to highlight drivers of and barriers to the development of social innovation in Russian education under the research project “Social Innovation: Driving Force of Social Change” (SI-DRIVE) of the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union, one of the participants of which was Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences...
Бесплатно
Socio-economic issues of territories in the focus of attention of researchers in Vologda
Статья научная
Market transformation in Russia’s economy at the end of the 20th century was accompanied by the increase in the autonomy of its territories, and the establishment of the institute of local government. As a result of the separation of powers and responsibilities the local government has become responsible for strategically important and socially significant functions of the state such as preschool, primary, basic and secondary (complete) general education, physical education, social policy, organization of provision of housing and utilities services to the population. However, local government in Russia is in the process of formation, and only few municipalities are able to perform all their functions due to limited budgetary resources. Therefore there are a lot of problems in the socio-economic development of territories that need solving and that require scientific and methodological support as well. The paper describes the main stages of formation and development of scientific objectives with regard to the issues of socio-economic development of territories at the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of RAS. The author emphasizes that the scope of the research depends to a large extent on the needs of the local government.
Бесплатно
Strategic management of key development potential of split-level territorial socio-economic systems
Статья научная
The authors have elaborated methodological principles based on the nature of modern relations characterized by high degree of “financial” and “knowledge” economy integration, identified factors in the territory’s economic development capacity (financial, labor, innovation). The choice is explained by the fact that scientific innovations in all socio-economic systems set the dynamics of their development regardless of their level of functioning; financial capacity is regarded as a prerequisite for expanding the territory’s investment process which increases economic activity of business entities; employment potential of territorial social-economic systems (hereinafter TSES) is moderated by the level of innovation and investment which influence labor quality and efficiency. The authors also propose the idea defining the fundamental framework for strategic management of key development potential of split-level territorial socio-economic systems. The basic idea of the concept is that the development strategy of territorial socio-economic system is based on activation of key development potential of a particular territory, the transformation of which by using appropriate technology and competencies of new resources ensures the achievement of qualitative parameters of economic growth and the quality of life in terms of interest alignment of economic actors...
Бесплатно
Strategic planning - the way toward sustainable development of the Russian economy
Статья научная
The current ambitious goals in the field of economic development set out within the framework of a new political cycle require new approaches and instruments of economic policy formation. Strategic planning, which, along with the improvement of market mechanisms, is widely implemented in the practice of public administration in many developed countries of the world, becomes a system-forming factor for such a policy. Within the framework of the present paper, we provide a substantial analysis of the place and role of strategic planning in addressing structural and technological modernization issues and in ensuring high dynamics of economic growth in Russia. We assess the content of Federal Law 172 “On strategic planning in the Russian Federation” adopted in 2014. We revealed the main reasons why the law is still not implemented in economic policy. We show that the absence of clear goal setting, strategic development priorities and their resource provision in fact impedes the process of the country’s transition to an innovative development model...
Бесплатно
Structural dynamics of the economy: impact of investment in old and new technologies
Статья научная
The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of impact of investment in technological renewal on economic growth, to establish the ratio of the contribution of investment in old and new technologies to the growth rate. This problem is solved when considering the GDP structural dynamics by expenditure in the case of the United States, Germany, Russia and China. The research methodology is based on structural analysis, which establishes a “structural formula” assessing the contribution of investment in new and old technologies to the growth rate of the economy, as well as the contribution of other GDP components by expenditure. This approach allows us to distinguish the existing models of economic growth in the countries under consideration - consumer, investment, mixed models and technological development modes according to the sensitivity of the overall technological economy to investment in new and old technologies. Investment in new technologies is understood as investment in technological innovations, and the overall technological efficiency of the economy is determined by the ratio of the volume of innovative goods shipped and the volume of non-innovative goods, works, and services. The investment breakdown method helps to assess the contribution of investment in new technologies to economic growth, both in a comparative way relative to other GDP components, and for the considered countries. The result of the study is the identification of the economic growth model by the largest contribution to GDP component in the period under review, the contribution to the rate of investment in new and old technologies, as well as the determination of the sensitivity of technology to investment in new and old technologies in the United States, Germany, China and Russia. The analysis found that the impact of investment on the GDP dynamics and the level of technology is not synchronized, which requires to change the approach to macroeconomic policy, aimed not only at stimulating investments as a driver of growth, but also their distribution in such a way which would lead to an increase in the technology of the economy together with changing the institutions.
Бесплатно
