Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
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Educational Migration from Arctic Regions of Russia That Do Not Have Independent Universities
Статья научная
One of the main reasons for young people to change their place of residence is the desire to get higher education. In the Arctic zone, where there is a lack of or insufficient level of development of the network of higher education organizations, young people are forced to leave for other regions. The relevance of the study is also conditioned by the fact that educational migration is often irrevocable, which strengthens negative migration processes. The study of educational migration with the help of traditional statistical sources is possible at the regional level, but does not reveal the spatial characteristics of migration processes at the level of municipalities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to approbate the methodology of studying migration from municipalities on the example of regions where there are no independent higher education institutions. The object of the study is the Arctic regions: Nenets, Chukotka, Yamalo-Nemets Autonomous okrugs. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the use of new data sources and the application of the method of big data analysis to study migration processes at the municipal level. The database for the study was formed on the basis of the results of uploading data from the digital footprint of users of the social network “VKontakte”. The study regions included 15,186 users, the vast majority of whom indicated receiving higher education in other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Based on the obtained data, the trajectories of educational migration at the municipal level were identified, the coefficients of concentration and uniformity of migration flow were calculated, and a typology of municipalities in the Arctic regions of Russia was carried out. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results obtained to adjust migration policy in the Arctic regions, including at the municipal level.
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Educational status of the Youth of the Indigenous Peoples of the North: the gender context
Статья научная
The article reports on gender differences of educational status of the youth of the indigenous peoples of the North, analyzes the factor of becoming a professional and motivation for professional education. Young women of the North aimed at obtaining a professional education and expansion of social opportunities, while young men are guided by traditional ways of life. Educational status of young northerners defines their gender stratification.
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Статья научная
The development and exploration of the Arctic territories of Russia is important in the current conditions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of state mechanisms for supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Arctic conditions (on the example of the Arctic territories of the Komi Republic). On the basis of the results of the study, proposals to improve the effectiveness of these mechanisms for the survival of SMEs in the Arctic conditions have been developed. To improve the competitiveness and investment attractiveness of SMEs in the Arctic, the authors suggest developing a set of measures to strengthen the interaction between the state and business, primarily in the social, environmental and scientific and technological spheres within the framework of the public-private partnership (PPP) mechanism. To ensure the innovative development of SMEs in the Arctic, it was recommended to develop the “Arctic Venture” model as a high-tech tool for innovative development within the existing Russian venture capital industry. The importance of creating project-oriented business structures that conduct strategic analyses on an ongoing basis, study the impact of the external environment on business, identify existing development problems and develop projects to solve existing problems was noted. It was also proposed to elaborate tools for the development of corporate governance system in small and medium-sized enterprises in order to ensure their competitiveness and investment attractiveness.
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Efforts to Restore the White Sea Fishing Fleet in the Initial Period of the NEP
Статья научная
The recovery period of the early 1920s in Soviet Russia coincided with the search for new forms of production management and was complicated not only by economic devastation, but also by the difficult international situation, political and economic blockade of the country. Under such conditions, the long overdue task of modernization of fishing and fur-trading was solved in the Arkhangelsk province, which first of all required providing the fishermen with the newest vessels. Lack of coal did not allow using steam vessels in full measure in the fishery; purchase and construction of vessels at foreign shipyards were also difficult. Therefore, it was decided to restore peasant shipyards as a temporary measure, centrally organizing the construction of small fishing vessels under the supervision of qualified technicians. The models used were Norwegian-built sailing, rowing and motor vessels, which were considered to be the most suitable for fishing in the White Sea and Arctic Ocean. The difficulties that the economic institutions had to face during the transition period (from war communism to the new economic policy) are considered in this article with the help of a large set of archival and published sources. The transition to the use of trawlers and icebreakers is explained not only by the tasks of modernization of the fishing economy, but also by the revolutionary ideology: to prevent conditions for the emergence of a prosperous layer of the Pomor population, which included shipbuilders and shipowners.
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