Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 922
Статья научная
Socio-‐economic circumstances in the Russian Arctic require high quality engineering and technical personnel. The article is focused on the analysis of the key factors that determine the situation, staffing problems and solutions of national interests of Russia in the Arctic. Specialists, able of the use theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the Far North, socially adapted to the life in the Arctic, are needed. A set of measures aimed at promoting the engineering education, on the one hand, and retention of young people in the region, on the other hand, and the modernization of existing regional system of vocational education are required. The article reveals positive experience of integration of the Kola Science Centre (KSC) with the universities — basic departments of the universities and the institutions of the KSC, scientific and educational centers, and regional university-‐academic cluster, innovative partnership of science, education, government and business. The article focuses on the continuity of environmental education aimed to maintain the sustainable development, starting from kindergartens and ending up with school and university education.
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Export Diversification of the Arkhangelsk Oblast’s Forestry Complex
Статья научная
The decrease in the volume of exports of forest products from the Arkhangelsk Oblast is a significant problem for the region’s economy. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current situation and identify the prospects for development of forest products exports in the region. The export volume of forest products from the Arkhangelsk Oblast in 2023 significantly decreased compared to 2021. In the conditions of sanctions pressure, Russian forestry enterprises have to look for alternative markets. Despite the steps being taken to diversify exports, companies face difficulties in establishing business ties with foreign partners due to fears of secondary sanctions. This leads to a reduction in supply volumes and, as a result, a decrease in income from export activities. In addition, the domestic market is experiencing a negative impact due to a decrease in exports. Reduced external demand for wood creates an oversupply in the domestic market, which leads to a drop in prices. Such changes have a destructive impact on the financial well-being of enterprises in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, the economy of which depends on the forestry sector. In 2021, the Arkhangelsk Oblast exported timber to Asia, Europe, Africa, North and South America and even to the countries of Oceania. After the sanctions restrictions, the country structure of timber exports has changed dramatically. China became the main importer of timber from the Arkhangelsk Oblast. In the course of the study, the key directions of export diversification were identified and effective measures for their implementation were developed. Diversification of production and development of new markets will allow the Arkhangelsk forestry complex to overcome the negative consequences of export specialization and keep the leading positions in the Russian forestry sector.
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Статья научная
In this article, the author discussed historical prerequisites for the inclusion of the North in the world economy and analyzed the participation of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation in international trade 2000–2016. The impact of the Western sanctions and their influence on the dynamics and structure of foreign trade is also in a focus of the present article as well as the political economy provisions that allow overcoming the negative nature of international economic relations between the Russian Federation and Western countries. The author proves the expediency of changing the geopolitical positions of the West and Russia with a view to moving towards a compromise model of economic cooperation between the North of Russia and the EU and other countries.
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Expulsions in the Russian North: migration processes and neoliberal policy
Статья научная
The article summarizes the results of a long-term study of changes in living conditions of the population in the North during the formation of trade capitalism and the spread of neoliberal policy. Expulsion is considered as an institutionally organized way of exception in the form of state policy, actively supporting social polarization, contributing to consumer way of natural resource development and extensive use of before-built infrastructure, and accompanied by the isolation of the experience, disregard of the interests and violation of the rights of residents. The article proves that Soviet policy, interested in attracting labor to develop the Russian North and used a distribution system of goods for these purposes, did not contribute much to the consolidation of labor migrants in the northern territories as it initiated their return to the homeland at the end of their labor biography. The position of a "temporary worker" was formed by the proposed privileges, which served a compensation for work in adverse climatic conditions but did not contribute to the prospects for the development of the northern territories. At the same time, the interests of residents, who turned out to be cut off from prestigious jobs and found themselves in worse living conditions, were regularly ignored, and their rights were unrecognized. If, through vertical mobility and integration into the Soviet distribution system, it was possible to smooth out the inequities in the distribution of benefits, it became more difficult to hide this with the country's transition to the market and the beginning of a new phase of natural resource extraction. Moreover, considering the exclusion processes have become more widespread. Now not only the indigenous peoples of the North but also the second generation of migrants are among the vulnerable groups. The focus of the conflict has shifted and expressed itself in the relations between the residents of the Center and the regions.
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Статья научная
The article focuses on the problem of factors ensuring social resilience of Arctic rural communities. Using the materials of island and coastal territories of the Primorskiy district of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, the author studies how the features of social organization and life activities of specific communities ensure their reproduction as local social systems, help them to remain resilient to external challenges of economic, environmental and other types, and allow them to adapt to the changes in the region. In order to solve these problems, the author took part in a field study on the territory of 14 rural settlements in three rural municipalities in the period from July to early September 2022. The main method of obtaining empirical data is in-depth interview. The analysis of the interviews made it possible to identify a set of key factors of resilience of the rural communities under consideration. The first factor is the ability of local residents to reorient to subsistence farming and traditional crafts in the conditions of degradation of those sectors of the local economy that imply permanent formal labor employment. The second factor is the high level of social capital of communities, which determines the normalization of mutual assistance practices. The third factor is the involvement of a part of the local population in grassroots activities: social and cultural initiatives of local residents make it possible to attract external resources to solve the problems of territorial development, as well as support the collective identity of rural community members and increase its cohesion. The fourth factor is the return of retired local natives who previously migrated from rural to urban areas.
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Family values and social education of young parents in the modern society
Статья научная
The article raises the question of the transformation of family values in the society at risk. The approaches to the understanding of family values. Focused on the field of parenting as the most promising area of family and society. Formulated the need for the social education of the family as a mechanism for the internal reorientation of values of the modern society.
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Features and Perspectives of NATO`s Strategic Penetration into the Arctic: The Norwegian Dimension
Статья научная
Military-strategic penetration into the Arctic is becoming one of the key attributes of global capability for influential international players. The point applies not only to the most powerful states, but also to NATO as main keeper of military tools of the West. The article tries to identify and explore the scheme of NATO`s strategic penetration into the Arctic Ocean. It is noted that the role of its support is assigned to Norway, the reasons for the consensus on this issue between the United States and the leading NATO member states in Western Europe are identified. The paper assesses the strengths of Norway’s armed forces and identifies the bottlenecks that require support from NATO partners as they attempt multilateral penetration into the Arctic. Functionally, the Alliance’s anchoring scheme consists of three main elements. The first one is a section of the Russian Federation’s “containment” system in Finnmark. Here, the key role is assigned to the main forces of Norwegian troops with the practice of their operational reinforcement by the troops of NATO partners. In turn, the latter are ready to take an increased load in strengthening the second element. This is the coastline from Trondheim in the south to Tromsø, with the support of bases on which the strategic penetration into the Arctic Ocean (the third element) is carried out. This is ensured by the growing co-operation between the Norwegian Navy and interested NATO member states.
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Features of Digitalization of the Arctic Regions of Russia
Статья научная
Digital space allows connecting people without regard to physical space and makes many social services available, which is especially relevant for the Arctic territories. The aim of the study is to analyze the features of the digital space of the Russian Arctic regions. Research objectives: building a database of series of variables in the context of the Russian Arctic regions for the period 2014-2020, making a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of their digitalization, ranking the Russian Arctic regions by the level of digitalization based on the construction of an integral index. The objects of the study are nine Arctic regions of Russia. The results of the study provide recommendations for further digitalization of the Arctic regions. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the application of the index method for ranking the Russian Arctic regions by the level of digitalization for the period 2014-2020 according to four sub-indices: activities of households, population, authorities, organizations, which made it possible to trace the dynamics of indicators, evaluate the effectiveness of measures to develop the digital space of the regions. The methodology makes it possible to carry out calculations based on publicly available statistical data and can be used for territories of various levels when conducting retrospective analysis and strategic forecasting procedures. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results obtained may be in demand when assessing the effectiveness of digitalization in the course of developing strategies and programs for digitalization of the regional space. The prospects for further research are determined by a deeper analysis of the degree of influence of variables on the level of digitalization of regions and the formation of proposals and recommendations for adapting digitalization processes, taking into account the current international situation.
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Статья научная
The purpose of the study is the rationale for creating a fisheries cluster in the Northern Basin. The analysis of the creation of classical clusters in foreign countries is carried out, information on the limited use of these structures is provided. The stages of clusterization of the fishing industry in Russia are considered. The reasons for the lack of implementation of numerous cluster projects are clarified. The main one is the refusal of fishing fleets to enter the cluster. The successful functioning of the fishery complex in the Northern Basin in the pre-market period is presented. The reasons for its destruction and the stagnation of enterprises and organizations' economies serving the main structures of the marine economic activity of fishing fleets are clarified. They are caused by a change in the structure of mining fleets, the development of uncontrolled export of fish products directly from the sea, with the departure of fishing vessels for repairs and maintenance to foreign ports. The practicality of creating a local fish cluster, the core of which will consist of fishing vessels with an incomplete cycle of processing aquatic biological resources and coastal fish processing enterprises, is justified. The proposed measures stimulate entry into the cluster. The study's practical significance lies in the creation of conditions for the deep processing of aquatic biological resources and the release of innovative fish products, as well as for the development of ship repair and other enterprises serving the fishing fleet.
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Features of external respiration of female students in the conditions of the North
Статья научная
The respiratory apparatus of the female students have been studied. A small voltage functional capacity of respiratory apparatus is found.
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Features of local identity of single-industry town residents (the case of the Murmansk oblast)
Статья научная
The article presents an analysis of the local identity of single-industry town residents in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) in the case of the Murmansk Oblast, which has half the single-industry towns of the Arctic zone. Considering local identity as a part of territorial identity, the authors present it as a symbolic space for creating and strengthening the sense of territorial identity. At the same time, according to the authors, the people's identification related to the area of residence contributes to the construction of an effective system of regional interaction. It is one of the critical factors for the sustainable development of territories. According to the results of the study, positive and negative factors of identity manifestation were obtained from the residents of single-industry towns of the surveyed area (questionnaire (n=428), in-depth interviews (n=12)); the assessment of connection with the place of residence and socioeconomic status of residents, the degree of attractiveness of cities and migration attitudes of the population were determined. The authors argue that the socioeconomic image of the area in the minds of its residents is developing along with the manifestation of their rootedness. A distinctive feature of the local identity of single-industry town residents in the Murmansk Oblast is well-being. It determines the visibility of communication with the place of residence. The increase in prosperity is proportional to the growth of identification with the town, and it is of strategic importance for building regional policies in single-industry towns.
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Статья научная
The United States and Canada, along with Russia, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Finland and Sweden, are the so-called "official" Arctic countries. In the 21st century, The United States and Canada have begun to implement national Arctic strategies and updated them. The accepted documents have both similarities and differences. The United States and Canada are active members of the Arctic Council and view it as a platform for negotiations on a wide range of issues related to the development of the Arctic. The United States has come a long way in the Arctic, including in terms of regulation. Unlike other Arctic countries, the United States has a minimal area of access to the Arctic Ocean, their strategy as a whole is turned “outward”. The first Canadian strategy for the development of the Northern Territories (2013) is addressed directly to the development of the northern periphery of the country, formulates tasks for its sustainable socio-economic development, the development of indigenous peoples, and the support of sovereignty. In 2019, the updated strategy presented already combined national and international goals for the development of the Arctic and the North. To advance national interests in the Arctic, the US and Canada have developed and funded a geographically, infrastructure, stakeholder, and thematically differentiated Arctic research policy in which higher education institutions play an important role and are used to reinforce their geopolitical aspirations. The purpose of the article is to characterize the features of the Arctic strategies of the USA and Canada, as well as to analyze the contribution of universities and colleges in Alaska (USA) and the northern territories and provinces of Canada to the implementation of research policy in the Far North and the Arctic. The practical significance of the paper is in the possibility of its use in the educational process, as well as for the analysis and updating of international aspects of research activities by universities in the Arctic zone of Russia.
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Features of the dynamics of prices for agricultural products of the northern countries
Статья научная
Price dynamics for agricultural products of the northern countries is determined by many factors. The methods of economic and mathematical analysis of the dynamics of prices for agricultural products of the northern countries have allowed to identify trends, seasonal and cyclical processes. The dynamics of prices from 1991 to the present time there are two long opposite trends. Cyclic processes have a duration of 2–4 years. Seasonality in change of prices is sustainable due to natural biological processes under the influence of climatic factors. Correlation analysis of price series for agricultural products of the northern countries has showed connection of high strength, confirming the presence of trends and periodic components under the influence of the common factors. Short-term price dynamics approximation shows the retention of the increasing price trend.
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Статья научная
The article is about the meeting with the famous traveler F.F. Konyukhov, whose ancestors were Russian Pomors, in the White Sea coast, in the place called Letnyaya Zolotitsa. Photos of the meeting are published.
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Fertility in the European Part of the Russian North in 1990–2015
Статья научная
Based on the Federal State Statistics Service data, the article examines the dynamics of changes in the system of indicators characterizing the birth rate in the regions of the European North of Russia (including urban and rural areas). General and special demographic methods were used for the analysis. In the course of the work it was revealed that by 1999 the number of births in the regions of the European North of Russia had greatly decreased, but by 2015 fertility rates had improved, although the birth rate had worsened. At the same time, the birth rate in the regions of the European North of Russia in general is higher than the average for Russia, but the reproduction of the population has been narrowed for quite a long time already. Finally, the differences between the urban and rural areas are large. In relation to the latter, it is possible to assume the existence of certain problems related to the collection of information.
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Financial Development Trajectories of the Russian Arctic Regions
Статья научная
Priority development of the Arctic territories is particularly relevant in conditions of unstable environmental balance, significant climate change, and territorial vulnerability. The Arctic regions have common natural and climatic conditions, geographical location, the availability of natural resources on their territory, the level of technical and technological development of the branches of the national economy, however, they are characterized by heterogeneous conditions of socio-economic development, therefore, the imbalances in the functioning of these regions are manifested more clearly. Elimination or levelling of the emerging interregional imbalances is an objective necessity for the sustainable development of regions, ensuring their financial stability. The authors, on the basis of private financial indices (budget, economic, investment), carried out a pinpoint adjustment of the development of the Arctic territories and determined the trajectories for the implementation and expansion of potential financial opportunities, taking into account the identified threats and drivers that affect the economy of the region. This approach made it possible, firstly, to assess the financial capabilities of the regions in terms of different aspects (budgetary, economic, etc.,); secondly, to identify the dynamics of their financial development; and, thirdly, to rank the regions according to the level of financial solvency. As a result, three clusters were identified: regions with a high value of the economic index; regions with a high value of the investment index and regions with a high value of the budget index. For each group, a vector of financial development has been determined, which makes it possible to effectively use all the possibilities of the Arctic regions to ensure their both social and financial and investment development.
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Fishing tension arcs in the Russian Arctic
Статья научная
The author of the article comprehensively examines the current situation, problems and possible solutions related to fishing in the Arctic. Changes in the Arctic will undoubtedly affect fisheries. In this regard, the author analyses the "hot spots" of economic activity and international relations — fishing tension arcs in the Russian Arctic, as well as the internal problems of the marine resource use.
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Five problems of Russian Arctic development
Статья научная
In recent years, Large circumpolar fields have begun to attract great attention of not only Arctic countries, but also states, situated far from high latitudes. In conditions of global climate changes a possibility of exploitation of these fields became possible. Here great deposits of hydrocarbon crude and mining materials are open. And the Northern Sea route promise to become the international transport corridor, where length of investigation is increasing. These problems were in the center of participants’ attraction of regular meeting «Mercury club», which took place in October, the 8th, 2014.
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Forecasting and the results of climatic changes in the Arctic region
Статья научная
The article defines the role of the Arctic region. The causes of climatic changes have been studied. The statistics of changes in key climate indicators is written. A mathematical model of a polynomial trend of the minimum area of Arctic sea ice is created.
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Статья научная
In modern conditions, the issues of assessing the sustainability of regional development are of particular relevance. The complex problems of interrelation of economic growth, environmental pollution and population well-being require the development and use of new, simpler and more understandable approaches for decision makers to assess, analyze, and predict sustainability at the regional level. The purpose of the article is to investigate the opportunities for sustainable development of the regions of the European North included in the Arctic zone, and to develop methods for forecasting their socio-environmental and economic development based on sustainability window assessment. The dynamics of changes in the relationship between environmental, social and economic indicators with the use of pollution functions is analyzed. The main factors contributing to the reduction of environmental pollution and increase of the population's well-being are identified. It is shown that structural changes in the regional economy and environmental investments have the greatest effect. A methodology for calculating sustainability windows for the regional economy is presented. The possibility of using the method has been demonstrated using data from the Republic of Karelia. A scenario of sustainable development based on the restriction of economic growth for some regions and the requirements for the structure of the economy has been developed. The results obtained can be used as an informational and methodological basis for assessing and elaborating sustainable development policies in the Arctic regions.
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