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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 8014
Статья научная
The reliability of the results of any forecast is dependent on the validity of the selection of objects and the definition of its subject area. Suppose that in the total number of objects of the forecast it makes sense to exclude the signatures of the industrial sector (industrial objects) and non-industrial objects, which, despite the relation to the external environment, have a specific impact on the position and formation of the industrial sector. To clarify the selection of the objects and the subject of the forecast of socio-economic security of the industrial sector, the following methodological approach is proposed. The forecast objects are oriented by the location of the sources of industrial sector hazards - “internal environment - external environment” - by the scheme of interelement connections in its structure and the importance of communications outside the structure (to distinguish objects it is proposed to mark them symbolically in accordance with the “industry objects” and “non-industry objects”). The subject field of the forecast is formed by the qualitative and quantitative properties of the objects of study. The task is to identify those objects from a large number of probable objects and their data that will allow to identify negative phenomena and processes capable of implementation in the current period (updated threats).
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Methods to reveal the psyche of the hero in a monologue
Статья научная
The article describes the inner anguish of the heroes who suffered from the problems of the time in Abdulla Kodiriy’s comics with the help of monologue speech. In it, the writer’s skill in using folklore traditions in revealing the heroic psyche is revealed through the analysis of examples.
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MgH2 insights used for hydrogen storage and catalysis: preparation, characterization and mechanism
Статья научная
Magnesium is a rich element on earth, with high reversible, cycle stability and antitoxicity, low cost, and high-volume hydrogen capacity, its theoretical hydrogen storage capacity up to 7.6 wt %. Magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials are considered as one of the most promising hydrogen storage media. However, due to its high thermodynamic stability and slow hydrogen adsorption kinetics, the high adsorption temperature and long adsorption time limit its practical application. In order to overcome the thermodynamic and kinetic obstacles of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials in practical application and improve the hydrogen storage performance of MgH2, catalytic modification is a very effective method at present. This review summarizes the preparation methods, characterization methods and reaction basis of various catalysts modified by MgH2. Finally, we analyze the development trend of various catalysts in the future, as well as the application prospects.
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Microbiological Investigation of the Transboundary Rivers of the Eastern Zangezur Economic Region
Статья научная
The article presents the results of research conducted on water and sediment samples collected from transboundary rivers located in the Eastern Zangezur economic region of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Microbiological and physicochemical analyses were carried out on the samples, revealing that temperature varied seasonally between 6.8–27°C, pH ranged from 7.7 to 10.5, and dissolved oxygen levels ranged from 5.6 to 8.5 mg/L. Among the biogenic elements, the concentrations of nitrate (NO₃⁻) and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) exceeded permissible limits. Among the heavy metals, the amount of molybdenum (Mo) was found to be above acceptable levels. These findings indicate that the rivers are exposed to pollution from industrial and agricultural sources. Microbiological analyses revealed a high concentration of saprotrophic bacteria, as well as aerobic and anaerobic bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle. In all the studied rivers, oil- and phenol-degrading bacteria were also detected. Additionally, bacteria of the genera Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella, which are indicators of fecal contamination, were found. The results provide important insights into the ecological condition of the studied water bodies and hold both scientific and practical significance for the protection of water resources in these areas.
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Статья научная
Present article examines the linguo-stylistic expression of the protagonist Tanabai’s personal identity in Chingiz Aitmatov’s *Farewell, Gul’sary!* based on its English translation by John French. The object of the study is the literary text of the translation, and the subject is the linguistic representation of Tanabai’s personal identity through the parallelism of his fate with that of his horse, Gul’sary. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze the lexical and figurative-metaphorical means by which the protagonist’s personal identity is expressed indirectly through the image of the horse. The methodological basis of the study is a linguistic and stylistic analysis, mainly at the lexical and stylistic levels, incorporating elements of interpretive and contextual analysis. Particular attention is paid to such techniques as symbolic metaphorization. The study found that the image of Gul’sary functions as a linguistically shaped alter ego of Tanabai: changes in the description of the horse’s movement, strength, submission, and aging simultaneously reflect the transformation of the hero’s personal identity. Gul’sary’s death is interpreted as a symbolic death of Tanabai’s true identity. The obtained results confirm that linguo-stylistic analysis of literary translation allows us to identify the underlying mechanisms of identity representation.
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Model of a heat exchanger air heating booster
Статья научная
To solve the problem of energy crisis in today’s world, energy conservation is more and more get the attention of people, heat exchanger occupies an important place in the field of energy saving, however, because of the heat exchanger is a traditional energy-intensive heavy industry, one of the most widely used equipment in it as preheating, mainly in the process of waste heat recovery, refrigeration equipment, made outstanding contributions to energy saving. In this paper, spiral plate heat exchanger as the research object, select the established model, through the analysis of the existing heat transfer enhancement theory, combined with the classical optimization algorithm genetic algorithm spiral plate heat exchanger programming optimization, through iterative calculation to get the optimal spiral plate heat exchanger structure parameters. On this basis, based on the theory of dissipative, puts forward a new physical volume of fire, and established a new heat exchanger performance evaluation standard unit total cost model of heat transfer, and the objective function, analyzes the structural parameters in the spiral plate heat exchanger (cold and hot fluid flow, heat exchanger, plate spacing) and their relationship. Because the total cost per unit heat transfer not only considers the thermodynamic performance of the heat exchanger but also the economic feasibility of the heat exchanger. Finally, combined with the simulation calculation of the performance of the heat exchanger before and after optimization structure parameters, further analysis of its internal flow. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the design, structure optimization and performance prediction of spiral plate heat exchanger.
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Model of a microchannel heat exchanger of a supercharger for heating water
Статья научная
The subject of the research is a model of a microchannel heat exchanger of a supercharger for heating water. The purpose of study is to simulate the heating effect of microchannel heat exchangers for heating water and to evaluate their effectiveness in practice. Research methods: comparison, synthesis, modeling, description, experimentation, graphical analysis. As a result of the study, the prerequisites for the energy conversion of the microchannel heat exchanger, the heating unit, the energy conversion unit, and the biofuel storage unit were considered and put together. The degree of implementation is complete. Efficiency of development - in order to enhance energy use and reduce losses in energy use, thereby protecting the environment and saving energy.
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Modeling of morphological analysis and synthesis of word forms of the natural language
Статья научная
This article discusses the modeling of morphological analysis and synthesis of the Kyrgyz language. Models of creating word forms and rules for connecting affixes to the base of a word are considered. As a result of studying the structure of natural language, a algorithm of module was created that performs automatic morphological analysis and synthesis of word forms on a personal computer.
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Modeling of the organic Rankine cycle based on the theory of energy chains
Статья научная
This paper examines an experimental setup of an organic Rankine cycle and proposes a method for describing it using differential equations. The aim of the work is to obtain approximate values of the setup's characteristics before conducting the experiment. The constructive scheme of the experimental device and its operating principle are described in detail. The power circuit of the setup is composed, and complex impedance, frequency function, amplitude-frequency, and phase-frequency characteristics are obtained based on the mathematical transformation of the circuit. The frequency response of the circuit is constructed. As a result of the calculations, the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics are obtained, and graphs are plotted based on them. Conclusions are drawn about the dependence of the characteristics on the change in parameters, and the shape of the graphs is explained. The results of the work can be used to predict the behavior of the experimental setup of the organic Rankine cycle and optimize its parameters before conducting physical experiments.
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Modern Ecomonitoring of Anatidae in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The obtained information significantly supplements the existing materials on the eco-biology of ducks and can be used to adjust hunting parameters in suburban hunting grounds. The data are of practical interest to the Ministry of Environmental Protection of Azerbaijan, as they can be used in the cadastral records of the Absheron Peninsula's forest-park green belt - the green areas of the cities of Baku, Sumgait, and Ganja. The available data on parasite fauna and the incidence of infectious diseases can be used in the work of the Veterinary Department of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
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Modern aspects of etiology, mechanisms, pathogenesis and diagnostics of ovarian formations
Статья обзорная
This review focuses on ovarian lesions. Ovarian tumors occupy the 3rd place among all tumors of the female genital organs, and 7th in the overall structure of malignant tumors, so the problem of timely diagnosis and treatment of ovarian lesions remains relevant. The share of benign ovarian tumors accounts for 70-80%. Among benign ovarian lesions, epithelial lesions are most common - tatami up to 16% and cystadenoma up to 22.8%. Histogenesis of ovarian formations is not fully understood, which explains the contradictions in the origin of a particular tumor. For the first time, features of the mechanisms of neoplasm formation have been described by A. Knudson et al., his team was one of the first to develop and publish the theory of ‘double strike’, interpreting the mechanisms for implementing sporadic and hereditary forms of neoplasms. Ovarian cancer - both on the part of the etiology and the clinical picture of a heterogeneous genetically determined pathology. The basis of the emergence of this group of tumors is the mutation of the genetic apparatus of the cell...
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Modern challenges in health and safety at construction industry
Статья научная
A part of the research on the impact and interrelation between human factors and the safety of the working environment in the construction sector is presented. Labor in construction companies is often associated with a high risk of injury and, therefore, occupational safety is an important element of production efficiency in this area. The injured workers lost working days and financial costs affect the social and economic efficiency of the construction industry. Statistics indicate that occupational health and safety for modern research are current issues. Economic reforms in Uzbekistan envisage the creation of favourable and safe working conditions. From this point of view, ILO standards (Health & Safety) are really relevant for research and implementation in the construction industry of Uzbekistan. The purpose of this article is to analyze the implementation of best practices in the construction industry of Uzbekistan.
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Modern comparative characteristic of mountain meadow soils in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The northeastern slope of the Lesser Caucasus occupies a large territory in the western part of Azerbaijan. One of the most widespread soils in Azerbaijan is mountain meadow soils. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive and comparative study of morphodiagnostic parameters, physicochemical properties and biochemical activity of natural and anthropogenically modified biogeocenosis of mountain meadow soils of the Gadabay District. Some results of many years study are described in the article. Villages like Gara Murad, Kichik, Garamurad, Saratovka and others were researched. The research was carried out on virgin soils and cultivated lands in villages. A total of 15 land plots have been allocated, some of the research results are presented in the article. Carrying out numerous agro-reclamation activities, we managed to attract uncultivated land to agriculture and obtain high-quality products. The groundwater level in these areas exceeds 2 meters, and the salinization processes are active. Comparative results from all these agro-chemical studies helped to get virgin soils into agriculture in the plains and achieve high productivity. This can be invaluable literary material for a new generation of soil scientists.
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Modern construction industry of Uzbekistan: trends, problems and prospects
Статья научная
The article describes some specific features of construction industry in Uzbekistan. Presented a study of trends in development of the construction industry in Uzbekistan over the past few years, as well as the impact of growing population on need for investment in construction.
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Modern diagnostic opportunities for detecting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Статья обзорная
This article is devoted to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFTLD), more precisely to the modern possibilities of diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Today, the world practice of studying diseases is characterized by a multifactor approach, in particular, it concerns pathologies, the basis of which is a cascade of metabolic disorders. At present, NAFTLD is considered an integral part of the “metabolic syndrome”. The frequency of occurrence varies from 14 to 26%, in addition, 10% of patients show signs of steatohepatitis non-alcoholic aetiology. Clinical manifestations of NAFTLD do not differ in specificity and diversity. This pathology is quite long able to proceed asymptomatically, and pathological changes in the liver are detected quite randomly, and as clinical practice shows, such patients turn to medical organizations for completely different reasons. The authors consider in detail aspects of the clinical and anamnestic characteristics of this nosology and provide an overview of the diagnostic complex used to identify NAFTLD and possible diagnostic markers.
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Modern ecological situation of Shamkir water reservoir
Статья научная
During the study, it was found that the water collected in the Shamkir reservoir was contaminated with Escherichia , Enterobacter , Salmonella and others belonging to the family of coli-enterobacteria. Infection with taxa of the genus is also evidenced by their spread along the stream in the basin. Comparing our results with the results obtained in previous years, it is clear that the number of coli enterobacteria in the Shamkir reservoir is constantly increasing.
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Краткое сообщение
A good knowledge of a language, including English, is impossible without knowledge of its phraseology! Language, as a social phenomenon, is closely connected with the realities and traditions of the people-carrier. The article reveals the approaches to the definition of idioms, substantiates the importance and relevance of introducing idioms in the process of teaching English. It is proved that phraseology is not only a cultural and informative source, but also contains the richest linguistic material, allowing to study various aspects of phonetics, vocabulary and grammar of a foreign language on its basis.
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Modern methods of teaching a foreign language at a non-linguistic university
Статья научная
The new requirements for student's education, which assume that they have relevant professional competencies, including foreign language communicative competence, actualize research attention to different approaches, technologies and conditions aimed at improving the quality of higher education. The article considers some innovative methods of teaching a foreign language at a non-linguistic university. On the basis of the conducted research, the author proves the need for innovative pedagogical technologies that would be effective and contribute to the progressive development of pedagogical science and prepare students for future professional activities.
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Modern pre-school education and innovative activities
Статья научная
Preschool educational institution and innovation is the subject of serious study of modern education. Modern educators of pre-school educational establishments should always be receptive to everything new. Innovations arise when appear to resolve the problem, when it turns out the contradiction between the desire and the actual outcome. The article deals with finding and finding solutions to these problems.
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Modern problems of management enterprises' innovation potential
Статья научная
The principles of modern management orient the management of organizations on rapid decision-making, constant contact with the consumer, granting subordinates autonomy, encouraging their entrepreneurship. It is known that the success of an enterprise depends not only on exceptionally successful market conditions, but, increasingly, on timely and objective evaluation and development of the company's innovative potential. And objective assessment, implementation and development of innovative potential is an integral part of the innovation management of the enterprise. The purpose of this work is to identify and analyze modern problems of managing the innovative potential of the enterprise.
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