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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 7772
Molecular-Phylogenetic Research of the Genus Hypericum L. in Flora of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
Hypericum is one of the 100 largest flowering plant genera forming the family Hypericaceae Juss., which belongs to the clusioid clade of the Malpighiales. Hypericum is represented in Azerbaijan flora by 19 native species and 1 subspecies belonging to 7 taxonomic sections. The chloroplast DNA of 8 species from the genus was studied by PCR-RFLP analysis. Total genomic DNA was extracted from leaf tissue using the DNeasyPlantMini kit. (Qiagen Inc.; Valencia, CA, USA) following the supplied protocol and quanti field using a Nanodrop (Nanodrop Technologies; Wilmington, DE, USA) spectrophotometer. The article is part of an experimental study that comprises molecular-phylogenetic research of this genus in the flora of Azerbaijan.
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Momordica charantia L. introduction
Статья научная
The article deals with the introduction of Momordica charantia L. plant in Nakhchivan. This plant was discovered to be a new species for the flora of the Nakhchivan. Momordica charantia L. has fully adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the area and has completed its vegetation period. The seeds of the plant were obtained, and it was recommended to use them taking into account the farming characteristics of the species.
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Статья научная
The aim of this study was to evaluate morphologic features, diagnostic qualifiers and enhance classification of alluvial-meadow soils in the floodplain of the Kur River within Azerbaijan. For this purpose, several soil pits were placed in the representative test areas and multiple soil samples collected within field campaigns (2014-2015). Based on the field and laboratory test data, the detailed soil maps of the test areas were compiled, and diversity of alluvial-meadow soils was classified as suborders (subtypes): alluvial-meadow primitive; alluvial-meadow layered (flaggy); alluvial-meadow dark and alluvial-meadow irrigated. It was found out that in the floodplains, local soil variability was predominantly attributed to not only alluvial sediments, but also water table, mineralization rate and salt content of underground water as well flood water play an important role. The mineralization of ground water is weak (1.40-3.70 g/l) and the concentration of hydro-carbonates (HCO3-) varies from 0.56 to 0.92 g/l. No salinization indication found in the profile of alluvial-meadow primitive and alluvial-meadow layered soils, while weak concentration (solid content = 0.40-0.54%) was found at a depth of 80-150 cm in the alluvial-meadow dark soil. Unlike other subtypes, alluvial-meadow dark soil is characterized with the higher biomass (green weight of top = 41.5 cwt/ha and green weight of underground = 142.3 cwt/ha), high mobility of humus substances with predominance of the 1st fraction of humin (20.0-28.1%) and fulvic acids (14.6-22.3%). The ratio of Cha : Cfa reaches 1.18-1.32. For the alluvial-meadow irrigated soil, the second fraction of humin acid (9.3-10.2%) and total content of humin acid ranges from 45.6 to 50.3%. The ratio of Cha : Cfa is larger (1.37-1.50). Depending on the lithology of alluvial sediments, the content of SiO2 and R2O3 varies in the ranges of 53.0-57.2% and 9,6-26,0%, respectively. For the alluvial-meadow dark soil, decomposition of alum silicates in alkaline hydrolysis is typical (8.7-9.0). The content of SiO2 and R2O3 varies between 47.8 and 50.6 %, and 19.7 and 21.6%, respectively. In the topsoil, of the irrigated soils in associated to washing out the content of Ca and CaO content (12.2-13.1%) increases in deeper horizons.
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Morphological and anatomical analysis of vegetative organs of Avena pilosa (Roem. & Schult.) Bieb
Статья научная
The article provides information about the structural features of the fodder plant - Avena pilosa (Roem. & Schult.) Bieb., which is widespread on winter pastures in Azerbaijan. As a result of the morphological-anatomical analysis, important structural elements were identified, as well as the morphophysiology and adaptation of this species. As a result of adaptation to drought conditions, this plant showed signs of strong xerophilization. Xerophytes - plants for which the aridity of the norm. Common symptoms of xerophytes - a small evaporating surface, and other structural and physiological symptoms are very diverse. Reduction of leaf area is the main morphological feature of xerophytes.
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Статья научная
It is established that in pig farms of various forms of ownership the number of animals with violation of reproductive function makes from 11.7 to 39.7%. As a result of the clinical examination of the basic herd of pigs revealed that obstetric pathology occurs on average 40.1 percent of broodstock, with 26.7% of the sows in the period of pregnancy registered gestosis with a classical triad: hyperhydration, hypertension and proteinuria. Depending on the symptoms, there were 4 forms of pregnancy complications with gestosis with symptoms of anemia (38.4±1.89%), hepatopathy (27.8±1.2%), nephropathy (34.5±1.7%) and paraplegia (9.3±0.7% of pregnant sows). Diseases of pregnant sows were clinically manifested by events of oppression - loss of appetite, pallor of visible mucous membranes, soreness of palpable area of the liver, proteinuria, hypertension, disorders of the Central nervous system, calving mobility problems, yellowness of the eyeball. Morphometric studies of the placenta in the gestosis of pregnant sows evidence that the length of the umbilical cord, the mass of the maternal part of the placenta, the thickness and volume of the child part of the placenta is reduced to a statistically reliable magnitude, compared with similar indicators in clinically healthy pregnant sows. Noted a significant fluctuation of fetus-placental ratio with an inverse of value. There was a significant fluctuation of the fetal-placental coefficient with the opposite value, in piglets born from clinically healthy mothers. The functional status of newborns depends on the forming processes of the maternal and child placenta, as well as the morphological and physiological properties of the development of fruits, which is confirmed by an authentic decrease in the body weight of newborns by 30.0-40.0% and weakly expressed motor-food reflexes.
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Morphophysiological parameters of hard and soft wheat genotypes depending on different water supply
Статья научная
To determine drought tolerance of 10 wheat varieties (3 durum and 7 bread) differing in architectonics, the research was performed under normal and drought conditions. The reduction in the plant height due to cultivation conditions rather than genetic properties of the genotypes occurred because of the decreasing length of upper internodes by 0.47-9.51%. Structural components of the product were determined. The greatest reduction in above-ground dry biomass per unit of the field was detected in Barakatli 95 and Garagylchyg 2 genotypes. The amounts of pigments were determined to evaluate the level of the photosynthetic apparatus development, its physiological state, formation and accumulation potential of the product. The content of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids was determined during the grain forming, milk ripening, and wax ripening phases. Green plastids were broken down and chlorophyll content decreased under drought. Chlorophyll a content decreased more sharply compared with chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a content decreased more sharply in all phases in the durum variety Barakatli 95 (during the phases, respectively, 19.7; 16.6 and 35.6%) and bread variety Gyrmyzy gul 1 (21.9; 15.3; 39.5%). Chlorophyll b amount decreased less in the durum variety Tartar (11.0; 7.30; 14.2%) and bread variety 4th FEFWSN-50 (4.83; 10.8; 9.20%). Amounts of the photosynthetic pigments were determined in various regions (Gobustan and Jalilabad Regional Experimental Stations). Chlorophyll a content decreased more in the Gyrmyzy gul 1 and Garagylchyg 2 varieties (in Gobustan: 2.302 and 2.979 mg/g fresh weight) in Jalilabad: 2.096 and 2.737 mg/g fresh weight) under rainfed conditions. Drought had a relatively less impact on chlorophyll a content in the Azamatli 95 and Gobustan varieties. Chlorophyll b content ranged from 0.033 to 2.398 mg/g fresh weight in Gobustan and from 0.057 to 2.175 mg/g fresh weight in Jalilabad, whereas the content of did not decrease.
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Motivating Features of the Concept of Life in the Turkish Linguistic Picture of the World
Статья научная
The study examines motivating features and underlines the conceptualization of the concept of life in the Turkish linguistic picture of the world. Delving into cognitive linguistics and etymological dictionaries from different periods, it explores how the origins, from the point of view of different scholars, shape the semantic field of the concept of life in the Turkish language. The main point of this research is the essential role it plays in shaping the inner understanding of the concept of life among Turkish society, transferring its meaning and importance throughout time from the past to today. By exploring the etymological dictionaries, the study explores how the concept stayed at its origin and gained other meanings throughout time. Through this examination, the authors seek to clarify how the concept of life was formed, represented, and appreciated throughout the history of the Turkish linguistic view of the world.
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Motivating Features of the Concept ‘Sky’ in the Kyrgyz Linguistic Picture of the World
Статья научная
This paper explores the concept of sky in the Kyrgyz linguistic picture of the world. It is widely known that a concept is a multifaceted mental construct formed by a multi-layered structure. The study analyzes data from etymological dictionaries for the purpose of identifying the fundamental ideas or perceptions of the Kyrgyz mentality underlying the concept of "sky". The revealed motivating features allow us to define its initial linguistic image. Moreover, to determine the relevance of the identified motivating features, examples of their verbalization are examined, confirming their functioning in real life.
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Motivating Features of the Concepts Zhurok and Heart
Статья научная
The concept is widely known to have a multi-level structure. Emerging as a subjective pictorial image, it then acquires new conceptual layers at different historical periods. The center of the image, its inner form is actualized by motivating features of the concept. The article analyses the cognitive features of the concept Zhurok/Heart in the Kyrgyz and English pictures of the world. The aim of the article is to identify the motivating features of the concept Zhurok/Heart relying on the data of lexicographic sources (etymological dictionaries) and trace the development of the conceptual characteristics. The paper has three main tasks: 1) to analyse etymological dictionaries; 2) to determine the spectrum of motivating features of the concept under study; 3) to compare the findings in the light of the theory of mentality. The main methods in the work are historical and etymological analysis of the representation of the concept under study, and descriptive and interpretative methods. The research methodology encompasses cognitive linguistic approaches to conceptual analysis, comparative linguistics, and cultural-semantic investigation of language units across different linguistic systems. In the course of the study, five main groups of motivating features of the concept Zhurok/Heart were identified: "inside, inner", "center", "soul", "courage, bravery" and "movement". The comparative analysis reveals both universal and culturespecific characteristics of heart conceptualization in Kyrgyz and English mentalities. The findings demonstrate how etymological motivating features influence contemporary semantic structures and metaphorical expressions in both languages, contributing to cross-cultural understanding of fundamental human concepts.
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Mountain-xerophytic vegetation type found in Daridag
Статья научная
Information about the mountain-xerophytic type of vegetation of the Daridag area is presented. Areas at an altitude of 1200-1600 m above sea level are characterized by plant species with mountain xerophytic vegetation. Mountain xerophytic flora is not homogeneous and represents a set of individual phytocenosis. Ephemeral plants play an important role in this vegetation. In addition to ephemerals, the vegetation includes bulbous, tuberous, and various grasses, mainly: Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C. A. Mey. , Astragalus microcephalus Willd. , Astragalus beckerianus Trautv., Astragalus aduncus Willd., Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen., T. collinus M. Bieb., Euphorbia seguieriana Neck., Caragana grandiflora (M. Bieb.) DC., Atraphaxis spinosa L., Acanthophyllum mucronatum C. A. Mey., Zygophyllum atriplicoides Fisch. & C. A. Mey., Z. fabago L., Acantholimon araxanum Bunge etc. In total, the study identified 6 groups of formations and 16 associations. These include thorn shrubs, monodominant tragacanth xerophytic shrubs, cushion xerophytic shrubs, subshrub phrygana and mixed shrubs, which are included in the mountain xerophytic vegetation type. The phytocenosis of mixed herbaceous shrubs is comprised of 35 species, of which 10 species are shrubs (28.56%), 1 species is a semi-shrub (2.86%), 1 species is a shrub (2.86%), 2 species are semi-shrubs (5.72%), and 21 species are perennial and biennial (60%) plants. With regard to their life forms, of the 21 species included in the monodominant tragacanth xerophytic shrub grouping, three species are shrub-like, two species are shrubs, two species are semi-shrubs, and 14 species are perennial grasses.
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Статья научная
This article explores the use of mountains and climate as metaphors in the linguistic and cultural descriptions of the mother-in-law figure across various societies. By examining how harsh and unpredictable mountain climates are used to symbolize the perceived complexities and challenges of the mother-in-law relationship, the study highlights the role of environmental metaphors in shaping cultural attitudes and familial dynamics. The analysis draws from a range of linguistic expressions, proverbs, and cultural narratives that associate the traits of mountains and climate, such as resilience, severity, and endurance, with the character and societal role of the mother-in-law. This research underscores the interplay between language, environment, and social structures, revealing how natural landscapes and climates can influence and reflect cultural perceptions of familial relationships.
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Multidimensional approach to combating the shadow economy: theory and practice
Статья научная
This article presents a detailed analysis of multi-level strategies to combat the shadow economy on the example of Uzbekistan. The study delves into the theoretical aspects of the problem, identifying the factors contributing to the shadow sector, and discusses the need for integrated co-operation between government structures, business and society. The article offers practical recommendations, including improving the legislative framework and strengthening the law enforcement system. The authors draw attention to successful cases of implementing technological tools aimed at increasing the transparency of financial flows. The article also covers socio-cultural measures, including educational initiatives aimed at fostering intolerant attitudes towards the shadow economy. Based on data on the dynamics of Uzbekistan's economy, it is emphasized that a multidimensional approach can effectively reduce the shadow economy and promote sustainable economic growth.
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Music-aesthetic education of young schoolchildren through vocal-choral performances
Статья научная
The article deals with the necessity and importance of vocal and choir singing in the musical-aesthetic education of young schoolchildren. Musical-aesthetic education is aimed at improving many features of the child’s personality. The formation of artistic and aesthetic culture in the educational process can be successfully implemented in choir classes. The author believes that the process of children’s vocal and choral education occurs in close connection with the formation of the singing apparatus, music and aesthetic education: first, the acquisition of basic vocal and choral skills (breathing, vocalization, diction, intonation). The second is the formation of creative abilities, artistic and aesthetic culture in general. The article also discusses how music teachers not only instill vocal and choral skills in students, but also teach them the basics of spiritual, moral, artistic and aesthetic culture.
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Статья научная
Both cultivated and wild fodder plants are the main group of plants necessary for the development of animal husbandry. Although it is impossible to give a specific number about the number of species of fodder plants in Azerbaijan, there is no doubt that their number of species is expressed in hundreds. Thus, the number of species of annual grasses in the CIS includes up to 1000 species. As it is known, some species mentioned above as fodder plants also carry other qualities. For example, corn, sunflower, wormwood, three-leaf clover, etc. plants are also medicinal plants and are used as diuretics, pain relievers, etc. in folk medicine. It is widely used as a tool with properties. At the same time, due to these properties, these plants have become the subject of various aspects (botanical, pharmacological, mycological, etc.) studies, and this situation is still ongoing.
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Mythological criticism applied to Spotted dog running along the seashore novel by Ch. Aitmatov
Статья научная
This paper identifies the role of mythology in Spotted Dog Running Along the Seashore Novel by Ch. Aitmatov. The aim of the study is to apply mythological criticism to the novel, to find related myths and legends in the story, to interpret their roles, and to underline Aitmatov’s style of writing through his use of cultural mythology of certain folk. In order to complete the research on the topic, a critical analysis was done on the main myths of the novel. During the conduct of the analysis, it was revealed that the symbols used by the author do coincide with the world symbols. For example, in the book, Luvr duck symbolizes the parental sacrifice for the sake of the future chick, the same way as universal symbols, where the duck is a symbol of family happiness, and fertility. Thus, the importance of Aitmatov's usage of myth in the literary work, with the help of which he introduces other cultures and nations to his folk and vice versa, is obvious due to the research paper done. The reason is that it’s exactly the most distinctive feature of his writing style.
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Статья научная
Авторы приводят перечень медоносных растений гаригской и высокогорной степи, а также подробную информацию об их медосборных показателях. Гарига и степная растительность Нахчыванской АР располагают весьма хорошими медоносами. Многие из них в Азербайджане впервые изучены нами в медоносном отношении. К таким относятся астрагал золотистый, астрагал аргурский, астрагал горный, астрагал озерный, анхуза итальянская, буковица восточная, вика изящная, вика изменчивая, вика Гроссгейма, люцерна голубая, эспарцет Бузе, остролодка савелланская, котовник торчащий, чистец пушистый, шалфей мутовчатый, шалфей окаймленный, шалфей сухостепной, шалфей Андрея, шалфей амазийский, шрадерия змееголовниковая, тимьян мегрийский, мытник Сибторпа и примула ушастая. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что средний медосбор на гектар гаригской степи составляет 59,6 кг, а на гектар высокогорной тимьяново-астаралогово-типчаковой степи – 34 кг.
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Статья научная
Целью настоящего исследования является синтез N-ацилированных производных амида фенилуксусной кислоты и изучение корреляции между выходами продуктов и природой ацилирующего агента. Реакцию осуществляли в кислой среде, добавляя к субстанции ангидриды кислот, различающиеся длиной и разветвленностью углеродной цепи. Полученные продукты представляют значительный интерес и как биологически активные соединения и как исходные вещества для получения производных пиримидин-4(1)-она.
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National Image Building in the Context of Kyrgyzstan’s Soft Power Strategies
Статья научная
In today’s international relations, the influence of states is not limited to their military and economic capacities. Cultural appeal, political values and a positive image on a global scale also become determining factors in foreign policy success. In this context, the concept of “soft power” developed by Joseph Nye is increasingly gaining strategic importance, especially for developing countries. For developing countries such as Kyrgyzstan, soft power stands out as an effective tool for supporting foreign policy goals without resorting to pressure or coercion. Kyrgyzstan has a remarkable soft power potential with its rich cultural heritage and increasing international visibility. In order to activate this potential, projects focused on culture and education, diaspora activities, promotion of tourism and promotion of art and traditions play an important role. In addition, diplomatic missions not only conduct official relations; they also assume a central function in terms of public diplomacy, cultural interaction and information sharing. This study examines the social media activities of Kyrgyzstan’s embassies in strategically important countries (USA, China, Russia, Türkiye, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan) in line with Kyrgyzstan’s foreign policy priorities and regional sensitivities using descriptive content analysis. In this context, it is evaluated how digital diplomacy tools contribute to the process of building national image and supporting foreign policy goals.
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National characteristics of the Kyrgyz Republic regarding the priority of human rights and freedoms
Статья научная
This article discusses the national characteristics of the priority of political rights and freedoms of individuals and citizens in the Kyrgyz Republic. The authors examine the development of normative legislation in the Kyrgyz Republic. At the current stage, an important part of the human rights institution and its further phased development since independence are highlighted. The necessity of maintaining a balance between the priority of human rights and freedoms and national security is noted.
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Nationwide values and their development in modern conditions
Статья научная
The article deals with the formation of national values in the context of globalization and in these circumstances, human values remain the major connecting element between people and States. It is the system of values is becoming a relevant today, since they define the behavior of human activities and are a source of activity of the subject of social development. The solution to the problem of national values is associated with a number of fundamental issues. In modern society, the upbringing of young people requires personal characteristics drill through forming, ensure the development of value orientations. The value is interpreted as the significance of objects and phenomena, satisfying the need of vital activity of the subjects. The main problem of the choice of values is to find nearly evaporated; and an acceptable combination values of all, not the deification of one of them. The main value of modern youth lifestyle characteristics that are considered when generating the value orientations, fixed: failure or lack of sustainable values; openness to experimentation, innovation and change; the adoption of a diversity of positions and its approval; separation as away of getting used to changing social situations; focus on the present rather than the future and the past; the transformation from an external to an internal verification of its existence, which is reflected in the first of all on oneself and the smallest on the support of the State; the propensity to enter into informal associations and societies with a multi-polar orientation; determination to mobility geographical, social and cultural. This, in modern conditions of diversity of values, development of national values issue requires a more complete study, both theoretical and practical levels.
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