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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 8087
Статья обзорная
In this literature review, the main etiological factors of intestinal obstruction, key aspects of a number of mechanisms of development of intestinal obstruction are considered. The problems of modern diagnostics of acute intestinal obstruction of various genesis are considered, including the erased picture of the disease on the basis of which the optimal therapeutic diagnostic algorithms were formed. Argumentation of methods of treatment proceeding from pathogenetic features of the given pathology is resulted.
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Статья научная
Background: Varicella, or chickenpox, is an extremely contagious viral disease that is contracted through the Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV). In general, it is a mild infection in childhood, however, varicella carries a huge risk of the severe disease and death in adults, especially in a densely populated place, like a university dormitory. Objective: The present study is to determine the level of knowledge, past history, vaccination, and attitudes about varicella among students of Osh State University in Kyrgyzstan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among 503 students in the medical field took place using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected on demographics, knowledge of disease transmission and symptoms, vaccination history, and attitudes toward prevention. Results: Most of the respondents were aged 17 to 20 or 21 to 23. Most students pointed out the correct causative agent and symptoms, but a great part was not clear about the transmission (for instance, they thought mosquito bites). Alarmingly, a large number of respondents did not know that adults suffer more from varicella than children do. The immunization coverage was inconsistent; the group consisted of one-dose, two-dose, and non-immunized individuals. Conclusion: A lack of specific clinical knowledge regarding the severity of adult varicella is felt among students. Given the crowded living conditions in hostels and flats, it is strongly recommended to organize a catch-up vaccination campaign and an awareness program.
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Kyrgyz mentality - past and today, its influence on the formation of the human being concept
Статья научная
Research relevance: Mentality is one of the priority criteria for the formation of a person, as it is capable of realizing a full-fledged image of a person, because it reveals the importance of a person’s nature and increases his confidence. Objectives of the study : to analyze the mentality of the Kyrgyz people on the basis of past and present life practices, to find the valuable qualities of the people that distinguish them for successful development and promotion among the world community. Materials and methods of research : the article is based on a chronological and synchronous analysis of the mentality of the Kyrgyz people. Results of the study: Mentality as a broad concept reflects people's consciousness, intellect and spiritual wealth. Such folk spiritual treasures do not just arise, they are formed on the basis of rich experience that has passed from century to century, grew and developed day by day, and reached the modern era of civilization. Conclusions: The mentality is based on value criteria, therefore, it is important to establish the value system of society as a whole, especially this generation.
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LPP proposal for public education system
Статья научная
The interest in learning foreign languages is increasing rapidly in Uzbekistan. The foreign language curriculum has undergone significant changes since 2012. However, several shortcomings that should be improved still exist in this sphere. This paper puts forward an LPP proposal to enhance the current teaching system of foreign languages in public education.
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Lactate concentration and its changes in the blood of 3-month-old rabbits
Статья научная
It was performed on 3-month-old rabbits, which were exposed to acute (20 minutes) and severe form of exogenous hypoxia (forced breathing in a nitrogen atmosphere with 5% O2 in pressure chamber conditions). Immediately after that (in the 1st, 3rd and 6th hours), the amount of lactate in their blood was determined. First, we studied the normal level of lactate in the blood of 3-month-old guinea pigs, then we subjected them to a hypoxia load and determined lactate. This series of experiments conducted by us allows us to get an idea of how blood lactate levels initially change in 3-month-old rabbits that have not yet reached sexual maturity under normal conditions and during the effects of various severe loads (such as acute hypoxia, long-term immobilization, and fast running). Here, we want to mention once again about lactate that this simple carbohydrate metabolite, along with other simple carbohydrates such as pyruvate (pyruvic acid) in the human and animal body, when there is a lack of oxygen in its cells, the glycolysis process (anaerobic decomposition of glucose) is carried out even faster, is an indicator of metabolic and functional importance that allows us to make judgments about its end products and at the same time its intensity and duration. As a final product of glycolysis, lactate accumulated in cells and tissues causes a change in the buffer systems there, an increase in the activity of the acidic range of pH (acidosis) and other negative reactions. An increase in the amount of lactate in the blood is considered a relatively weak toxic factor for the body. From this point of view, lactate is one of the harmful metabolites of the body. But studies have shown that the lactate formed as a result of glycolysis and other carbohydrate exchange processes is also used for the resynthesis (resynthesis) of sugars that are energetically useful for the body, that is, the body uses it as an energetic substrate. Therefore, the pronounced change in the level of lactate in the blood can also be considered as a kind of adaptive-defense reaction.
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Land Reform and Consolidation Landin Azerbaijan and it’s Result
Статья научная
A result of land reforms in Azerbaijan, three forms of ownership have been identified: state, municipal and private. Depending on the land resources of the regions, the area of land shares was very low in many places. Due to the scarcity of land and the lack of farming equipment on each farm, landowners merged their lands to form joint farms, a process that took place elsewhere. Co-cultivation of land soon began to bear fruit. Consolidation lands have big advantages. First it is easier than processing of files, than small land areas. The small land areas not probably to use big labor- consuming tractors and other farms techniques. Such sites no tractors have only maneuver, and sometimes can’t simply turn. United land owners don’t spend a lot indirectly and indirect expenses not have crop education. These land owners everyone separately protect sites, everyone separately build auxiliary construction, warehouses and is mediocre is engaged in realizations of ready products. Land owners don’t understand basically an agro technology, farm technicians they don’t know as will apply herbicides, pesticides and fertilizer, they not skills planning to manufacture and to spend accounting and etc. For the further increase in such economy, from the state country some action for stimulation, in our option, is regulated. The first turns of the politician clearing rural an economy from all taxes should proceed. For expansion of activity consolidating banks represented to economy in accessible credits. The farmer it is necessary to create conditions free an input on the market of the big and small cities that they would realize products directly. To creates conditions for use of the newest science and technology achievement. To expand propagation for attraction of new land owners in the course of consolidation.
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Статья научная
This article indicates some issues in educational establishment including Public school. It also illustrates varieties of levels of the pupils in this school and provides data about English textbooks. Also, this article demonstrates methods of the teachers as well as the aim of the curriculum. In addition, recommendations are provided in order to support students to achieve their goals.
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Статья научная
Species content and distribution patterns of the Orchidaceae Juss. Family in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been studied. Considering last changes in literature data, materials included in the herbarium fund and the performed researches, 21 species of the Orchidaceae Juss. Family belonging to 8 Genera have been established in the territory of the Autonomous Republic.
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Leadership Qualities in Young Leaders and their Influence on Management Styles
Статья научная
This article analyzes the leadership qualities of young leaders in the context of globalization and their influence on management styles. Within the framework of the study, methods of theoretical analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction were used, and it was determined that the innovative thinking of young leaders, high emotional intelligence, striving for teamwork, and ambitions are the basis for the formation of modern management styles, such as transformational, democratic, and coaching.
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Leaf-eating insects damaged to sugar beet (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae)
Статья научная
Provides information on pests belonging to the Chrysomelidae family of the Coleoptera order based on the research conducted in the farms of Imishli district, which is one of the main sugar beet growing regions of Azerbaijan. During the research years, 3 species (Chaetocnema concinna (Marsham, 1802), Ch. breviuscula (Faldermann, 1837), Cassida nebulosa Linnaeus, 1758) belonging to 2 genera (Chaetocnema Stephens, 1831, Cassida Linnaeus, 1758) of the Chrysomelidae family of the Coleoptera order were found in the stationary fields was observed. Information about some bioecological and phenological characteristics of the mentioned species is reflected in the article.
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Статья научная
This paper explores the legal and ethical risks inherent in medical translation practices by comparing the English and Chinese healthcare contexts. It highlights how inaccurate or culturally insensitive translations can lead to medical errors, breaches of informed consent, patient mistrust, and even litigation. Drawing on case studies and regulatory frameworks, the study examines how both systems address translator qualifications, liability issues, and the protection of patient rights when language barriers exist. Particular attention is paid to informed consent documents, patient information leaflets, and discharge summaries as high-risk zones for mistranslation. The paper argues that while both legal traditions recognize the importance of accurate communication, practical implementation and enforcement mechanisms differ significantly. The findings underline the need for harmonized standards and stronger interdisciplinary cooperation among healthcare professionals, legal experts, and linguists to minimize translation-related risks and safeguard patient safety and dignity.
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Legal and psychological aspects of gender asymmetry in labour market in the marine sector
Статья научная
Now more and more attention is paid to a gender problem in the marine sector. Every year the number of women ready is professional to work grows in navigation. The author tried to disclose legal aspects of today's situation of participation of women in Russia in sea branch which display a contradictory situation of achievement of equality in the rights between men and women. The obstacles of gender character which are not allowing women to work fully in branch or to move ahead on service come to light. The psychological aspects of specifics of a sea profession exerting the negative impact on the women working in navigation are considered. The author hopes that article will be able to change views of ship-owners at the employment of women in the marine sector, and to women to estimate the chances at the choice of a sea profession.
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Legal framework for development of touristic potential based on public-private partnership
Статья научная
This article describes the creation of favorable economic and organizational conditions for the rapid development of tourism as a strategic sector of the economy, more complete and effective use of the huge tourism potential of the regions, radically improve the management of the tourism industry, create national tourism products and promote them in world markets. Legislative bases that allow the introduction and widespread use of public-private partnership mechanisms in the field have been studied.
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Статья научная
The militarization of outer space poses not only geopolitical risks but also significant threats to the environmental sustainability of the near-Earth orbit. This article explores the international legal mechanisms aimed at preventing the deployment and use of weapons in space. It analyzes the foundational treaties, including the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, the Liability Convention of 1972, and other UN resolutions and soft law instruments. Particular attention is paid to the environmental implications of space militarization, such as the increase in space debris and the risks of contamination from nuclear-powered satellites and anti-satellite weapon tests. The paper argues for the strengthening of legal frameworks to ensure both the peaceful use of outer space and the protection of its fragile environment, proposing a harmonization of space law and environmental law principles.
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Lemon health properties, content and use of lemon essential oil
Статья научная
The presented article provides information on the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the fruits of the lemon tree cultivated in the Lankaran and Astara districts of Azerbaijan, which have a subtropical climate, and its application in various fields of industry. During the research, essential oil was obtained from lemon fruits and leaves collected from the southern regions of Azerbaijan by the Ginzberg hydrodistillation method in the Industrially Important Plants laboratory of the Institute of Dendrology. The component composition of the obtained essential oil was analyzed in Kristal 2000 M gas chromatography. The areas of application of lemon essential oil have been investigated: Lemon essential oil has a pleasant aroma. Citral is the component that gives the specific pleasant smell of lemon. 90% of its composition is terpene-limonene, and 3-6% is citral aldehyde. Since lemon essential oil is of high quality, it can be widely used in various fields of industry.
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Lexical Borrowings and Semantic Shift in Digital Neologisms of Chinese-English Origin
Статья научная
This article explores the phenomenon of lexical borrowing and semantic shift within digital neologisms that have emerged at the intersection of Chinese and English languages. The rapid development of digital communication and social media platforms has facilitated a dynamic exchange of linguistic elements between cultures, giving rise to unique hybrid terms. The study analyzes the etymology, adaptation, and contextual meanings of selected Chinese-English neologisms used in online discourse. Special attention is given to how borrowed words undergo semantic transformation during cross-cultural integration, reflecting changing social values, technological innovation, and evolving communicative norms. Drawing on examples from platforms such as WeChat, TikTok (Douyin), and Xiaohongshu, this paper highlights how digital spaces function as laboratories for lexical experimentation and identity expression. The research contributes to the understanding of global linguistic convergence and the role of technology in shaping modern vocabulary.
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Lexical means for describing human appearance and character
Статья научная
The paper analyses lexical means for describing human appearance. The most productive types of lexical units are compound words and phraseological units. Simple words describe human appearances in general, but compound nouns give specific information.
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Lexical-semantic and stylistic shadeness of poetic synonyms
Статья научная
Synonyms, as a rule, are distinguished by their unique qualities from other lexical units from the lexical-semantic point of view in the language. So, mainly two aspects attract more attention in this group of words. First, they are close in meaning. Some linguists even call them synonymous, depending on the meaning of the synonym word. On the other hand, synonymy is the diversity of words in terms of form. In addition to the common aspects of synonyms and their main features such as their capacity, processing in a wide aspect, gaining richness, creating comparison, elimination of repetition, nuances of meaning, emotional-expressiveness, each language also has its own characteristics. Based on this issue, the article discusses the general and different aspects of the lexical-semantic composition of synonyms in the artistic language, their poetic figurative functions, and explains each of them separately. In addition, synonymous rows their composition, the structure of these rows, the place of the dominant in the row and its distinguishing features, the function of phraseological units as synonym are explained in detail in the artistic language. Here, at the same time, the essence of synonyms is revealed in the artistic language as a concise, laconic description means, from the variety of images, events, conditions, etc. the emergence of the need to use new synonyms has been clarified. In this regard, the stylistic aspects of synonyms have been highlighted in artistic language. When having a broad conversation based on the stylistic nuances of synonyms in the artistic language, a number of issues that create a specific meaning variety of synonyms within the context, including their juxtaposition, the meaning capacity and breadth of any word in a synonymous line, the pairing of a number of words as synonyms, and the strengthening of meaning in a sentence, increasing harmony, appropriate expression of characters' moods, feelings and emotions, etc. more attention has been paid to such main aspects.
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Статья научная
Campanula L. is the largest genus of Campanulaceae family and comprises about 400 (as well as 110 species in Caucasus and 46 species in Azerbaijan flora) herbaceous perennial, sometimes annual and biennial monocarp species distributed in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. Most of Campanula species are cosmopolitan. The species of this genus have long been used in the national economy, primarily as decorative plants, but also as pollinator, melliferous, food and medicinal plants. The genus Campanula L. yet does not have a modern taxonomic classification, although many species are of high horticultural value, and many are rare and endangered. The only monograph was published by A. de Candolle (1830). The final systematic composition of the genus was given in Flora of the Caucasus by M. E. Oganesian and V. V. Shvanova (2008). Representatives of this genus grows in various environmental conditions: forests, meadows, rocks and rarely in deserts and semi - deserts. Most of them are numerous and varied in high mountains, in the subalpine and alpine belts.
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Статья научная
Obesity is a growing global health concern that significantly affects women’s physical, metabolic, and reproductive well-being. It is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hormonal imbalance, and psychosocial disorders. The prevalence of obesity is influenced by multiple interrelated factors, including dietary habits, physical activity levels, sleep patterns, stress exposure, and socio-cultural conditions.In regions with distinct demographic and lifestyle characteristics, such as the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, understanding these determinants is essential for developing targeted and effective public health strategies.This study aims to identify and analyze the lifestyle and nutritional factors contributing to obesity risk among women aged 18-65 residing in Nakhchivan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The questionnaire assessed dietary frequency, consumption of high-calorie foods, physical activity levels, sleep duration, stress indicators, and socio-demographic variables such as education and employment status.Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software, applying descriptive statistics and correlation tests to determine significant associations.The findings revealed that obesity prevalence was notably higher among women living in urban areas compared to those in rural regions. Key contributing factors included frequent intake of calorie-dense foods, low levels of physical activity, irregular sleep patterns, and elevated stress levels. Statistically significant correlations were observed between BMI and lifestyle indicators (p function show_abstract() { $('#abstract1').hide(); $('#abstract2').show(); $('#abstract_expand').hide(); }
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