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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 8087
Structural changes in Peganum harmala L. induced by gamma radiation
Статья научная
For the first time, the qualitative and quantitative alkaloid composition of Peganum harmala L. was thoroughly studied by identifying IR and radiothermoluminescence spectra. In order to identify alkaloids, a new combined and improved IR spectroscopy and radiothermoluminescence methods with high resolution were proposed. It is shown that the content and ratio of different types of alkaloids in the stems and seeds of P.Harmala differ significantly. More precisely, harmine prevails in the seeds, and peganine in the stems. In terms of the content and ratio of alkaloid components, P. harmala growing in the Absheron has a number of advantages compared to the same plants growing in the Masalli and Ismailli regions. It was found that when P. Harmala samples were irradiated, the IR spectra were transformed. More precisely, in the region of small doses (0.5
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Structural stability and socio-economic security of the hierarchical system
Статья научная
The financial and economic macro-system mixes different hierarchical structures: functional, sectoral, territorial. Its hierarchical structure has the ability to be different from the hierarchical structure of the organization - the micro level segment. Socioeconomic security of the highest value of the hierarchy is an array of criteria and points that ensure the freedom of the country’s economy, its strength and stability, the capacity for constant renewal and self-improvement. Socioeconomic security of any country is an important high-quality feature of the financial and economic system of the state, which determines its ability to maintain the normal circumstances of life of the population, to ensure the provision of resources for the establishment of the economy, and, in addition, to ensure the national and state interests. Social and economic security guarantees stable financial and economic growth, sufficient provision of social needs, effective management, protection of financial and economic interests at the state and global levels. Socioeconomic security of the lowest value of the hierarchy (enterprise) - a provision of its security from the adverse effects of external and internal hazards, destabilizing moments, which guarantees the stable implementation of financial and economic interests and goals of the work.
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Статья научная
This article has been investigated and evaluated by studying the specification of anatomical structure of the sort samples of tomatoes. Studies have shown that anatomical indicators mainly have a great importance in learning of drought resistance, determining the origins of the different varieties, choosing of hybrid plants in selection work of the size and number of stomata, and total thickness of the leaves. Studying of anatomical characters of tomato sort samples and hybrids plants has shown that learning of the total thickness of the leaf and the size of number of stomata has a certain importance in selection of hybrid plants. It is defined that in sort samples which their cuticle layer is thick, water evaporation decreases, and they become resistible to illness. So, the sample of Volgograd 5/95, 82 and 90 in upper epidermis and the sample of 93 in lower epidermis were differed for the thickness of cuticle layer. As results of studies, it has been identified that chlorenchyma present in the sort samples predominant for differing according to the total thickness of the leaf. Moreover, studying of the leaf cells has shown that the evaporation of water is higher in the leaves which the number of stomatas is more, and the epidermis cells are few, for that reason, the leaves of Solanum pimpinellifolium L. (wild form) are in thin needle shaped in order to reduce the transpiration. Exactly for this reason, it’s recommended to use the wild form as a donor in conducting the future selection work.
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Study of a laboratory circuit with a warm baseboard in pulse mode
Статья научная
The increasing global energy demand is a problem that people have been paying attention to, people’s demand for energy is increasingly urgent, and improving energy efficiency has become a hot topic in this century. Studies have shown that pulsating flow has an important effect on heat transfer, and it has been concluded in most literatures that turbulent pulsation can enhance heat transfer in different degrees. Pulsation heat transfer is a comprehensive heat transfer process, and the best heat transfer performance can be achieved only when the thermal resistance of each part is reasonably coordinated. Based on the principle of hydraulic shock, this paper develops a device with warm substrate which can be used to increase the pulsating pressure and enhance the heat transfer efficiency of pulsating flow. Firstly, the construction scheme of the experimental device is proposed, and the working principle of the experimental device is described in detail. The complex impedance, frequency function, amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic are obtained by mathematical transformation of power supply circuit. Finally, the frequency response of the circuit is constructed.
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Study of agrochemical and physical-chemical properties gray-brown soils of the Karabakh plain
Статья научная
Research is conducted at the Terter Regional Experimental Station of the Research Institute for Agriculture. In order to improve the fertility of gray-brown soils and obtain high-quality crop yields, we studied the agrochemical and physical-chemical properties of the experimental plot. Thus, the analysis of gray-brown soils showed that, according to the gradation adopted in Azerbaijan, these soils are poorly supplied with nutrients, in an easily digestible form of plants. Therefore, it is necessary to make in these soils together organic and mineral fertilizers.
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Статья научная
As a result of analysis of the literature data and our research, for the first-time distribution of the species Artemisia abrotanum L., A. maritima L., A. pauciflora Weber, A. issaevii Rzazade in different regions of Azerbaijan by obtaining bioactive compounds typical for them is confirmed in the article in detail. Distribution, resources, ecological features, as well as useful properties of wormwood ( Artemisia L.) species found in the flora of Azerbaijan were studied by us, their possibilities of use in various fields of folk and agriculture were recommended. General distribution areas, biological and ecological features of all species were studied. Essential oil was obtained using the Ginsberg hydrodistillation method and component content was determined by the method of Gas Chromato-Mass Spectroscopy. Gas Chromato-Mass Spectroscopy was performed using Agilent 5977A MS gas chromatography and Agilent 7890 GC inert Mass Selector Detector. A. abrotanum L., which is new for the flora of Azerbaijan, two new substances, steroids (β-sitosterol St-1, stigmasterol St-1) was obtained from A. maritima L . species three substances, α-santonin, artemisin, glabellin was obtained. In the composition of the aerial part of the species A. pauciflora Web., 60 terpenoid compounds were identified, 17 components were detected by mass spectroscopy.
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Study of blood analysis of first-year Indian students upon arrival in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek)
Статья научная
Our study focuses on the analysis of red blood cells and leukocyte formula indicators in foreign students from India upon their arrival in Kyrgyzstan. Based on the leukocyte formula results, during the short-term adaptation phase, no tendencies of overexertion or disruptions in the adaptation mechanism were observed among both male and female Indian students. Furthermore, there was no observed decline in health levels or the onset of acute and chronic diseases during this period. The resilience of the body to stress reactions under different socio-climatic conditions showed that the general blood analysis parameters for these students remained within the bounds of stable homeostasis, determined by their individual potential.
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Study of dynamic characteristics of clay solution under the influence of vibration
Статья научная
It is known that with the help of a vibrating sieve for vibration separation (separation) of a clay solution, the following technological problems are solved: cleaning the clay solution from drilled rocks and separating it into fractions, i.e. sorting. Signs of separation of drilled rocks from clay solution using vibration are the size of the drilled rocks, the shape and density of the clay solution itself, etc. It has been shown that in order to improve the basic technological characteristics of the vibrating sieve, it is necessary to study the behavior of the clay solution in the vibrating sieve.
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Статья научная
Rumen Protozoa are strictly anaerobic and highly specialized ciliates and can live only in the rumen and similar habitats. These Ciliata play an important role in feed utilization and indicate the environmental impact (methane emissions and nitrogen excretion) of ruminant production. Digestion of feed in ruminants depends on the life activity of microorganisms. Without their help, ruminants could not assimilate cellulose with simple non-protein compounds. These microorganisms located in rumen decompose the organic substances in the feed and form volatile fatty acids, ammonia, amino acids, which animals use for their development and reproduction. In the rumen of domesticated cattle and sheep, rumen cilia constitute 20-50% of the total microbial biomass. Rumen Ciliata develop symbiotic relationships with their animal hosts and both symbiotic and predator-prey relationships with other members of the rumen microbiota. The lack of axenic cultures of rumen Ciliata has forced researchers to use other methods to determine the metabolism and functions of rumen Protozoa, such as comparing rumen fermentation and microbial profiles of faunal and non-ciliated cattle or sheep or using in vitro cultures.
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Study of heterosis in hybridization of geographically distant gossypium varieties
Статья научная
In the study, hybridization was carried out between the local Gossypium variety and geographically distant Gossypium varieties to obtain a selection starting material. To determine the effect of heterosis, hybrids obtained from the crossing of Ganja-110 Gossypium variety with geographically distant cotton varieties were studied, F1 generation hybrids showed a positive dominance in terms of growing season. The fiber yield of F1 hybrids of Ganja-110 × Selekt hybrid combination was the dominant hereditary character. In F1, the mass of raw cotton obtained from one cocoon was close to the parent form with a larger cocoon in hybrids obtained for all combinations. F1 hybrids were superior in fiber length compared to their parent forms. In the F1 hybrid offspring, all combinations were close to the parent form with high fiber length. The individual samples collected according to the characteristic shown in F3 were higher than the parent form, and sometimes closer to the parent form with higher fiber length. The individual samples collected from the hybrid seeds studied in the experiment were quite effective.
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Study of microscopic fungi on medicinal plants growing in the Kedabay region
Статья научная
Mycological investigations on medicinal plants is carried out in many countries of the world, but local studies in this direction are not widespread enough. The study of microscopic fungal species (mycoflora) distributing on some medicinal plants ( Urtica dioica L., Stellaria media L., Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb.) Bobrov) in the natural conditions of the Gadabay region and widely used in folk medicine, determining their systematic composition, and evaluating the results obtained on a scientific basis. The study was conducted based on mycological methods. The characteristics and eco-trophic relationships of them have been studied. The anamorphs of fungi belonging to the Ascomycota division are more numerous than those belonging to other taxonomic groups. They account for 66% of the total number of fungi recorded during the studies. 34% belong to the Zygomycota phylum. More than 15 species of micromycetes were found on the studied plants and they were systematically attributed to different taxonomic groups. Plant-fungal relationships were observed in various ecolotrophic types: parasitism, saprotrophy and, in rare cases, mutualism. The dominance of pathogenic micromycetes increased, especially in weakened and mechanically damaged plant organs. The results of the study are of great importance in terms of increasing the level of biological safety of medicinal plants and determining the hygienic and sanitary norms that should be observed during their proper collection, storage, and use.
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Статья научная
The article presents findings from a study of the demographic structure and density of the population of the species Hedysarum atropatanum Bunge ex Boiss., which is widely distributed in the Daridag area. A total of ten ontogenetic states (seed, seedling, juvenile, immature, virginile, young generative, middle aged generative, aged generative, subsenile and senile) of the H. atropatanum species were observed. The processes of ontogenesis, which can be classified as normal, fast, or slow, were identified as the primary mechanisms driving species evolution. Additionally, instances of developmental disruptions, rejuvenation, and the manifestations of aging were observed. The majority of individuals belonging to the species H. atropatanum exhibit a normal to rapid growth rate. It has been observed that the process of ontogenesis is slower in areas with high plant density. It was determined that the secondary quiescence period does not manifest during the initial stages of development; rather, it becomes feasible only after the individuals have reached the virginal state. It has not been observed that immature individuals bypass the virginal state and immediately transition to mature generative plants. The vitality status of the individuals was determined based on a comprehensive analysis of multiple morphological traits, including the height of the specimens, the number of shoots, the number of flower carriers, the length of the leaves, the size of the leaves, and the number of flowers in the flower group. Following the statistical processing of the data, three classes of vitality were identified. A study revealed that individuals of the second vitality level of the H. atropatanum species are more prevalent in the coenopopulation. The optimal habitats of the H. atropatanum species are characterized by sparse grasslands with a projected cover of no more than 10-35%.
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Study of pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Статья научная
In article the results of overview research about pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is given. Liquorice (licorice) root is derived from the inner part of the root and underground stem (rhizome) of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae, the bean family). The peeled drug is of much higher quality than the root with the bark, and is produced in several south-eastern European countries, Turkey, China and Russia. It has a very characteristic taste and smell, and is used in confectionery. The sweet taste also makes the identification of the drug relatively easy and so adulteration is uncommon. The most important bioactive secondary metabolite is glycyrrhizic acid, a water-soluble pentacyclic triterpene saponin which gives the drug its characteristic sweet taste (it is about 50 times sweeter than sucrose). Liquorice also contains numerous flavonoids (chalcones and isoflavonoids), coumarins and polysaccharides, which contribute to the activity.
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Статья научная
The results of the study of the relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters of the flag leaves in 21 soft wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions of Mountain Shirvan have been presented in the paper. The research was performed with drought-exposed and irrigated variants during the grain filling phase. RWC of the flag leaves of Vostorg, Murov 2, Tale 38, and Gyrmyzy gul 1 genotypes was higher both under drought and irrigated conditions. There was a positive correlation between RWC and earing time, and a negative correlation between RWC and plant height. The average difference in RWC between irrigated and drought-exposed variants for all genotypes was 10.1%. In 12thIWWYT no. 9 and 12thIWWYT no. 20 lines, this difference was high (26.5 and 19.6%), while in Gyzyl bughda, Murov 2, and Ferrigineum 2/19 genotypes, it was low (3.5, 3.6, and 2.9%). The highest values of the rate of photosynthesis were observed in the drought-exposed genotypes Sheki 1, Aran, Tale 38, and Zirva 85 (14.2, 14.8, 14.1, and 14.3 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), and in the irrigated genotypes Aran, Vostorg, and 12thIWWYT no. 9 (24.9, 23.4, and 24.0 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1). Stomatal conductance (0.115, 0.120, 0.130, 0.164 mol H2O m-2 s-1), the concentration of CO2 in intercellular spaces (146.3, 156, 5, 181.7, and 213.7 µmol CO2mol-1) and the transpiration rate (3.32, 3.58, 4.13 and 4.44 mmol H2O m-2 s-1) were higher in the Sheki 1, Aran, Tale 38, and Zirva 85 varieties, which manifest higher photosynthetic rate under drought conditions than other genotypes. A significant positive correlation of RWC with the rate of photosynthesis, the stomatal conductance, the concentration of CO2 in intercellular spaces, and the rate of transpiration was found under drought stress conditions.
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Статья научная
The study highlights the relevance of creating a mechanized and automated local power-mixed feed production area that ensures the efficient use of complete ration mixed feeds. The object of the study was to create an efficient production area based on the use of local feed base and imported feed additives, microelement feed complex, dosage and mixing of complete ration feed components, their physical and mechanical properties and their effect on the quality indicators of the process. The results obtained allow us to select appropriate operating modes to avoid a decrease in mixing quality when an increase of more than 20% of fillers in complete feed is required.
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Study of populations of Urtica dioica L. in the mountain areas of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Статья научная
The distribution, ontogenetic structure, age and growth structure of hay meadow populations, productivity in different periods of ontogenesis of all populations of Urtica dioica L. are considered. Populations of this species are identified and studied. Urtica dioica is a common plant in the highlands of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. An assessment of 10 populations was carried out, the data were presented in the form of tables and graphs. The structure of ontogenesis was studied based on the population method. It has been established that this plant is distributed as part of plant groups in the herbaceous, shrub and forest vegetation of the Sharur, Babek, Kengerli, Shahbuz and Ordubad administrative regions of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.
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Статья научная
According to statistical indicators, wheat takes major part of food ration of people. It is raw material for preparing food products such as macarons, tandir bread etc. Under different environmental conditions it is important to develop wheat biotypes with high genetic diversity and variety is a biological factor that has strong influence on obtaining a high-quality product. The research aim is to define technological and biochemical indicators of hard wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes and prolamin markers, to identify and passport reserve proteins of gliadin and gluten. It is appropriate to ensure the selection of existing genotypes by determining gliadin-encoding loci, which are considered markers of certain economically important traits. Overall were used 41 samples. Most of the samples had high vitreousness ranging between 84% and 100% which was determined in OLIS D3-3 diaphanascope. The amount of wet gluten was determined in KDI-1 apparatus. Grain moisture content was determined using a GAC 2100 Grain Analysis Computer. 9 samples were selected due to high-quality indicators. Polymorphism of gliadin resource proteins was electrophoretically analyzed on a polyacrylamide gel (Acid-PAGE) and based on the diversity of 4 zones (ω, γ, β, α) distinguished as a result of the analysis of the obtained electropherograms, 0-1 operation was performed, and the genetic diversity index was calculated. Based on results, it is more applicable to consider the allelic blocks of the gliadin-encoding loci related to quality, adaptability and productivity traits.
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Study of rare and endangered species of the Astragalus L. genus in the natural flora of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
In the study, analysis of 29 rare and endangered plant categories of 156 species of Astragalus L. naturally distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan, was conducted. The study found that the area of most species is much smaller than in previous years, and the gene pool of some is endangered. The article provides information on the habitats, biological characteristics, reserves, reasons for changes in natural resources and conservation measures. In the research work, 15 species of Astragalus L. genus were included in the book “Rare Trees and shrubs of Azerbaijan” (2016). As a result of our research, it was determined that 30 new species of the Astragalus L. genus have a small area because of the exposure to anthropogenic factors, and very rare in nature due to lack of special protection. In carrying out the necessary protection measures in the studied species, it was found that 7 new species are endemic, and 23 species are recommended to be included in the Red Book of Azerbaijan as endangered shrubs and plants.
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Study of sap-sucking pests of mung bean and their control
Статья научная
Mung bean, a vital legume crop, faces significant challenges due to sap-sucking insect pests such as thrips, aphids, whiteflies, and stink bugs. These pests damage plants, causing chlorosis, leaf curling, and transmitting viral diseases. These infestations reduce yield, seed quality, and market value. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is proposed as a sustainable approach, but there is a knowledge gap regarding its effectiveness in Central Asian agroecosystems. This study aims to examine key sap-sucking pests, analyze their biological and ecological characteristics, and evaluate the effectiveness of various pest management strategies. The study tested three types of chemical pesticides against spider mites on mung bean crops at the Scientific Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources in Tashkent region. The results showed that applying these pesticides at the specified application rates provided a biological efficacy of over 87-95% against spider mites, making them suitable for controlling spider mites on mung beans. This research aims to develop a comprehensive, sustainable pest control framework that enhances mung bean productivity while ensuring environmental safety.
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Study of species of Campanula L. subgenus found in Karabakh and Zangezur flora
Статья обзорная
Karabakh and Zangezur are the south-eastern end of the Lesser Caucasus, and they are distinguished by their climate and landscape diversity with a rich in vegetation. Analysis of literature and herbarium specimens collected in this region is an invaluable source for a comprehensive assessment of the state of the ecosystems of Karabakh and Zangezur over the past 30 years. This is the purpose of the study of the genus Campanula which is widespread in the northern hemisphere and is of special importance for the flora of the Caucasus. According to literature, 110 species of this genus are found in the Caucasus, and 46 - in Azerbaijan. The history of the study of the genus, its geographical distribution, as well as the taxa found in the flora of Karabakh and Zangezur were compared, and the herbarium data stored in the BAK were analyzed. It was found that the subgenus Campanula L., which is the richest of the subgenus in terms of the number of species of the genus, includes 11 sections. And 18 taxa belonging to 7 sections are found in the flora of Azerbaijan, 11 taxa of which are found in the flora of Karabakh and Zangezur. During the examination of herbarium specimens of the genus Campanula L. stored in the BAK, it was found that 20 herbarium specimens belonging to 5 species were collected from Karabakh region.
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