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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 7472
The cultivation of winter wheat in the Ganja-Gazakh economic region
Статья научная
To obtain a high yield of wheat, the described cultivation technology should be observed. Consideration should be given to the biological characteristics of winter wheat, varieties, soil preparation for sowing, sowing dates, sowing rates, irrigation, fertilization, disease and pest control, and, finally, timely harvest without losses in accordance with relevant conditions. Since winter wheat is demanding on mineral fertilizers, one of the most important factors was the determination of the norms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers. Taking into account the fact that the chemical composition of winter wheat grain is not constant, but varies depending on the type and variety, climatic conditions, soil fertility, cultivation technology, a technology has been developed for growing 4 different varieties of winter wheat. For the Ganja-Kazakh economic region to obtain high-quality grain, which makes it possible to obtain an average yield of 50-60 centners per 1 ha.
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The cultural effects of international student mobility: Russian millennials
Статья научная
This research study measures and presents the cultural effects of international mobility on Generation Y students in Russia. The analyzed sample is based on primary research data (n=302) supported by secondary data and literature review. Two major groups have been compared: (former) students with international mobility experience - the ones who participated the in Tempus, Erasmus+ or other exchange programs, and students without foreign experience, graduates who took part only in the domestic education system. In order to reveal the measurable impacts of international mobility, Likert scale items were used to measure respondents’ attitudes to particular statements such as self-confidence, tolerance, cultural acceptance, and active citizenship. Among the 15 variables adopted in this study, the importance of seeing the value of different cultures” was identified as the highest positive difference in favour of the internationally mobile group.
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The current state of flora and phytocoenosis along the Kura river in Mingachevir city (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
During the geographical analysis of the flora in the area surrounding the city of Mingachevir, situated on the banks of the Kura River in Azerbaijan, a total of 158 species of angiosperms were recorded. These were found to be represented in 28 families and 79 genera. As a result of the analysis, a flora conspectus was prepared. During the conducted research, six types of vegetation were identified along the Kura River in Mingachevir city. These vegetation types include bozghir (dry steppe), semi-desert, halophyte desert, thicket-grass, wetland, and forest. The researchers found that these vegetation types are represented by eight formation classes, nine formation groups, and ten associations. The research included the species composition of the identified formations and carried out geobotanical descriptions. We also evaluated the economic importance of phytocoenosis by determining the main fodder plants and the modern state of the terrestrial flora and phytocoenosis.
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The depiction of childhood in English fairy tales and folklore
Статья научная
This article explores the depiction of childhood in English fairy tales and folklore, analyzing key aspects and symbolism associated with the image of the child. The study examines how cultural perceptions of childhood, upbringing, and the social role of the child are conveyed through fairy tale plots and characters. It identifies the main archetypes and motifs present in English folklore and their influence on the perception of childhood in the English-speaking world. The article also discusses the significance of these motifs in shaping national identity and instilling values in the younger generation.
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The design of electric fire engine
Статья научная
The electric fire engine is based on the single chip microcomputer as the control core. In order to better realize the fire extinguishing function, the latest electric fire engine has added the tracking module, wireless transceiver module, etc., to realize the intelligent fire engine to detect the fire source and extinguish the flame. This design combines the principle of single chip microcomputer with the hardware and software circuit program to realize the function of automatic tracking and fire extinguishing, without the fire personnel risking their lives to carry out on-site operation. This kind of electric intelligent fire truck adds some practical small functions, brings us a lot of convenience, can better serve human beings. The main model of this design is a small toy car model with universal wheel and motor control wheel. The chassis is installed with a variety of sensors with different functions to achieve the purpose of moving forward and backward, steering and avoiding obstacles and eventually extinguishing the fire source. At the same time, the car can also realize wireless remote control. By comparing the shortcomings of the traditional fire truck, some improvements are made, the circuit diagram of intelligent control is designed, and the method of wireless control car for fire fighting is explored with the combination of practice and thinking, so as to further improve the fire truck and make it intelligent. The main purpose of this design is to reduce the fire casualties and improve the need for fire personnel to take the risk of life operation of the traditional fire truck function. Its advantages are automatic tracking, avoidance of obstacles, wireless control, measuring the source of fire.
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Статья научная
The rapid expansion of space activities, including the deployment of satellites, the commercialization of space, and the potential militarization of outer space, has raised serious concerns about the long-term sustainability and environmental safety of outer space. This article explores the evolution of the concept of "environmental security" as applied to the regulation of space activities in international law. The paper examines how current legal frameworks, including the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and subsequent UN resolutions, address the ecological risks posed by space debris, nuclear-powered spacecraft, and military experiments in orbit. The study argues for the need to redefine and expand environmental security to encompass outer space, proposing legal and institutional mechanisms to mitigate the dual threats of environmental degradation and militarization. Emphasis is placed on the integration of environmental principles into space law to ensure the preservation of space as a global common good for future generations.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to the problem of preparation and implementation of an elective course in computer science as one part of the course of teaching high school students of physical and mathematical profile. Currently, specialties where a foreign language is used in its applied function, often as the means to study another subject area, are popular. This is due to the fact that many students want to use their English-speaking knowledge and skills in their future profession. It is possible to impart an applied nature and practical orientation through conducting elective courses that would familiarize the students with the basics of their future professional activity. The use of English for conducting elective courses contributes to the formation of communicative competence of students and the development of academic skills. The aim of the work is to create an elective course in English “Theory of Kolmogorov complexity”. Methodological basis of the research was personal-oriented, system-activity and competence approaches to teaching. The elective course proposed is the introduction of students into a new area of computer science - the theory of the complexity of information, which is closely related to cybernetics. The result of the study was the development of an elective course program in English, which includes not only a methodology for conducting and a plan of course, but also various types of assignments that contribute to better understanding of the material offered to students and can initiate research work on this topic. Particular attention is paid to communicative orientation, involving the use of English in the future professional activities of students. The results of the research can be applied in the practice of school instruction in computer science, and also serve as a basis for the preparation of teaching aids and special courses for high school students in physical and mathematical profile.
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The development of the transport system in Surkhandarya province
Статья научная
Research of the transport system of Surkhandarya region shows that most rural districts have weak transport potential, which does not allow effective use of their mineral raw material potential. For this reason, ensuring the development and expansion of the existing regional transport systems, their modernization, regional improvement of the regional transport system is one of the urgent issues of today.
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Статья научная
Among the alternative energy sources, of particular importance is the hydrogen energy industry, whose advantage over petroleum products consists in its high environmental safety and caloric content, inexhaustible natural reserves, its use in the internal combustion engines, and so on. Among the hydrogen-containing raw materials used in the fuel elements, particular attention is paid to hydrogen sulfide, which is disintegrated into sulfur and hydrogen. One of the biggest sources of hydrogen sulfide is the Black Sea, whose total volume is increasing annually by 4-9 million tons. The paper dwells on several methods for extracting hydrogen sulfide from the Black Sea basin, as well as associated difficulties. It also presents methods for the decomposition of hydrogen sulfide, of which special mention should be made on the plasma-chemical membrane technology.
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The dynamic privatization and foreign direct investment
Статья научная
The article examines the relation between foreign direct investments (FDI) and privatization. It reveals hypothesize of privatization has an impact on FDI as the process of attracting the investors. Moreover, the privatization appeals capital inflows, fundraising, new technologies, improvements in human capital, new managerial skills and improved corporate governance. Therefore, the investors are interested in privatization process in companies. As result of it, the FDI causes environment of competition among companies and provides government to develop investment climate.
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Статья научная
The study of the nitrogen cycle in nature is of great importance, because as a result of anthropogenic impacts the small changes cause the chemical pollution of the soil. The effect of anthropogenic and environmental factors to the productivity of azotobacter cultures on the soils of the Ganja-Gazakh natural economic zone has been described in the article.
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Статья научная
Worldwide economic environments are significantly shaped by industrial cooperation, which also affects the efficacy and efficiency of economic initiatives. This paper explores the complex aspects of industrial cooperation and how they affect economic effectiveness. Through an analysis of different types of cooperation, such as supply chain integration, joint ventures, and strategic alliances, this study clarifies the ways in which cooperation promotes competitiveness and economic progress. The study examines how industrial cooperation promotes innovation ecosystems, improves technological dissemination, and optimizes resource allocation through an interdisciplinary lens that draws from economics, management, and sociology. Additionally, it looks into how cooperation might lower transaction costs, promote economies of scale, and mitigate market failures. The research does, however, also recognize the difficulties and the negative effects of industrial collaboration, such as the expense of coordination, information asymmetry, and the possibility of anti-competitive activity. This article emphasizes how crucial it is to foster collaboration between various industries and businesses in the Republic of Uzbekistan in order to advance economic growth and pave the path toward modern society's well-being. Furthermore, pragmatic strategies for elevating creative processes to a new plane were taken into account. We looked at how various industrialization strategies at the national and international levels of the economy show up in real life as well as the policies that need to be put in place in our nation to go in this direction. The method's benefit is emphasized.
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Статья научная
In the paper have been defined third party logistics as an external logistics service provider offering single or multiple logistics activities to its customers, which typically is on contract basis. There are developed economic model, the organization of work of the company level 3PL and 4PL.
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Статья научная
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis on tomato plant diseases. The study area is Samukh district of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Our studies were conducted on experimental plants in the laboratory of plant disease diagnostics of the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University. The experiment was conducted in 3 variants: control, application of microbial fertilizer (MGT), standard application of fertilizer + application of Bacillus subtilis (SGT + MGT). Tomato plant cuttings are planted in pots after application of microbial fertilizer (1 ml / 10 l). At the beginning of flowering, fertilizer (1 ml / 100 l) was applied as a spray on the leaves. When comparing the experimental variants, it was confirmed that high tomato yield and disease resistance are observed when using microbial fertilizer. The study of the effect of Bacillus subtilis bacteria on tomato plant diseases has not been previously conducted in Azerbaijan.
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Статья научная
Sustainable farming practices include a variety of approaches. The most important approach to sustainable agriculture is crop diversification. This allows farmers to use biological cycles to minimize costs, conserve the resource base, maximize crop yields, and reduce environmental risk. It serves as an important opportunity to augment income and employment generation for rural communities. In contrast to specialized agriculture, crop diversification can be defined as an attempt to promote crop diversity through crop rotation, perennials or mixed cropping with the aim of improving crop performance, sustainability and supply of ecological systems. This can be a step towards more sustainable production systems, value chains for small crops and socio-economic benefits. Expanded agricultural diversity, better crop rotations, mixed cropping, cultivation of grain legumes in systems that are generally dominated by cereals, perennials, and regionally adapted (specialized) varieties are all examples of crop diversification strategies. As a result of the research carried out in the article, it can be noted that by carrying out the crop diversification under the irrigation and the same cultivation conditions, it is possible to obtain high and quality grain products from the varieties of feed peas Azerbaijan 1508 (green mass), wheat Gobustan and barley Jalilabad-19. This method is considered to be efficient both economically and cultivatically.
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The effect of exam stress on age dynamics of vegetative indicators of choleric students
Статья научная
The aim was to find out the effect of the higher nervous activity on the post-exam autonomic nervous system indicators during the emotional stress of the exam process in students with a choleric temperament type of the age limit of 17 (1st year). Physiological indicators of different states of excitement and temperament type were first studied in the experiment. In order to comprehensively assess the effect of emotional stress on students of different ages and courses, we measured arterial pressure and the number of heart beats per minute, which are the main hemodynamic indicators. The research was conducted 2 months before the exam, 30 minutes before the exam and 30 minutes after the exam. Before starting the research, the temperament types of the young people were studied after the nervous examination. The situational anxiety of young people with different temperament types was determined by post-test scores in three different situations: on regular days, before the exam and after the exam. The results of the conducted research show that there are differences in the activity of the autonomic nervous system in students of different ages. The analysis of the results of the hemodynamic changes that we obtained from the effect of exam stress on groups also shows that the autonomic index of the credo is in a state of dominance of the sympathetic tone on an ordinary day and before the exam. The characteristics of the autonomic nervous system after the exam have a direct effect on the adaptation of a person. An increase in the level of the agitation process caused by one or another influence of ASF temperament types indicates the exacerbation of the credo's vegetative index in all groups. An increase in the level of excitement correlates with an increase in the activity indicators of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.
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Статья научная
The erythroformula and leucoformula indicators changed in the rabbits that experienced hypokinesia during the embryonic stage of pregnancy. Compared to the rabbits that spent the pregnancy period under normal conditions, changes in concentrations of leukoformula indicators such as leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes were detected in rabbits exposed to hypokinesia. While significant changes in erythroformula indicators: erythrocytes, average corpuscular volume of erythrocytes and hemoglobin capacity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate did not occur. The results of our studies have shown that prenatal hypokinesia causes noticeable changes in the blood coagulation system. On the other hand, changes in the coagulation system under the influence of prenatal hypokinesia were found to occur in the first periods of postnatal ontogenesis, had a continuous nature, and were maintained until the full maturity of postnatal development. Due to the effect of the hypokinesia factor, the changes in the mentioned indicators lead to the emergence of severe pathological diseases in most cases.
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The effect of innovative hydroponic feed technology on poultry performance in private farms
Статья научная
The research was carried out at the Scientific Research Veterinary Institute and in the subsidiary farms of the Khachmaz district (Azerbaijan). The article presents data on the development of poultry farming and food production. To develop a rational and proper feeding of poultry, the addition of antibiotic-effective plants with high nutritional qualities, to the feeding of chickens was used. This led to an increase in meat productivity, a reduction in feeding costs, and an improvement in productivity. Thus, an experiment was conducted by adding the antibiotic-effective plants of sorghum, licorice root, amaranth grain and hydroponically germinated corn, barley, amaranth and sorghum grain to the feed share of young birds to study the effect on meat productivity.
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Статья научная
The study of different rice varieties, determination of their compatibility with soil and climatic conditions is the most important direction in the development of agricultural science. In 2022, research work was carried out on three rice varieties in the village of Shikhakaran, Lankaran district: Govhar (regional), Sarykiprik (local) and Avangard (improved). Soil samples were collected and analyzed taking into account the introduction of various organic fertilizers, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in five variants and three replicates. Phenological observations were carried out and the qualitative and quantitative indicators of plants were studied. According to the results obtained, it can be noted that rice growth varies from 109.3 to 148.0 cm, plant bushing is 6.7-15.5 cm. The highest bushing was noted against the background of mineral fertilizer in the Govhar variety. The length of the lateral shoots is at least 21.5 cm, maximum 25.2 cm. Accordingly, the number of grains on the lateral shoots is 56.0-109.4 pcs. On the lateral shoots, the highest indicator was observed in the Govhar variety - 2.0-5.2 g. The productivity of the Govhar variety against the background of mineral fertilizers was 25.5 g, and for the Avangard variety - 23.3 g. The thousand seed weight is 23.2-33.1 g, and the Govhar, Sarykiprik, Avangard varieties were distinguished by relatively high indicators against the background of mineral fertilizer. In grains, in terms of protein content, against the background of organic fertilizer, the Govhar variety was 9.03%, against the background without fertilizer, the Sarykiprik variety - 9.3%, against the background of organic and mineral fertilizer, the Avangard variety - 8.87%. No differences in the amount of sugar in seeds were found between the varieties.
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The effect of salt solutions on the DMDH enzyme activity in the Hordeum vulgare primary incubation
Статья научная
Plants are subjected to a wide range of environmental stresses which reduces and limits the productivity of agricultural crops. Two types of environmental stresses are encountered to plants which can be categorized as abiotic stress and biotic stress. The abiotic stress causes the loss of major crop plants worldwide and includes radiation, soil salinization, floods, drought, extremes in temperature, heavy metals, etc. Abiotic stresses such as drought (water stress), excessive watering (water logging), extreme temperatures (cold, frost and heat), soil salinization and mineral toxicity negatively impact growth, development, yield and seed quality of crop and other plants. In future it is predicted that freshwater scarcity will increase and ultimately intensity of abiotic stresses will increase.
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