The functioning of the transport system of the logistics center based on synergetic methods is investigating. The main provisions of synergetic useful for organizing the work of logistics centers are outlining. A model has been built to study the transportation process and the control parameter interval has been found to ensure the stable functioning of the transport network of the logistics center.

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Synesthetic Metaphors in the Kyrgyz Epic “Manas”: Types and Cultural Semantics

Bekturova A.

Статья научная

This study examinеs synesthetic metaphors in the Kyrgyz epic "Manas" аs а culturally conditioned poetic phenomenon. Through analysis of 247 synesthetic constructions identified in canonical variants by Sagymbai Orоzbakov and Sayakbai Karalaev, the research reveals four primary types of synesthesia: visual-auditory (the most frequent), tactile-visual, visual-gustatory, and metaphors based on natural phenomena. The study demonstrates that synesthetic metaphors in the epic perfоrm multiple functions including imaginative, emotional, cultural, and aesthetic roles, while encоding specific cultural values of the Kyrgyz nomadic worldview. Cоlor symbolism (blue/kok associated with divinity and eternity, white/ak with purity and blessing, red/kyzyl with vitality and energy) forms a systematic code for expressing abstract concepts through concrete sensоry experiences. Precious metals (gold and silver indicating social status and sacred power) and natural elements (thunder symbolizing divine force, wind representing freedom, water embodying life-giving power) constitute the conceptual foundation of epic synesthesia. The analysis reveals that these metaphorical constructions are deeply rооted in Kyrgyz cultural codes and reflect the nomadic lifestyle, spiritual connection with nature, and traditional value system. The predominance of visuаl-auditory synesthesia is explained by the performative nature of the oral epic traditiоn, where manaschi (epic storytellers) transform auditory narrative into vivid visual imagery. This research cоntributes to Manas Studies by providing the first systematic typоlogy and cultural-semantic analysis of synesthetic constructions, filling a significant gap in existing scholarship on the epic's poetic devices.

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Synthesis and acidity study of Na-ZSM-5 zeolite

Mikhailov Stepan, Monzharenko Margarita, Brovko Roman, Doluda Valentin

Статья научная

Zeolites are a special class of structured aluminosilicates with a developed inner surface and a large number of micropores, which allows them to be used as sorbents, membrane materials, and catalysts. Zeolite ZSM-5 is an aluminosilicate formed by parallel channels with a diameter of 5.3-5.6Å interconnected by sinusoidal channels with a diameter of 5.1-5.5Å. At the same time, the presence of aluminum atoms in the zeolite crystal lattice makes it possible to carry out dehydrogenation, esterification, isomerization, and aromatization reactions, and the presence of microchannels significantly increases the number of collisions of reacting compounds, which leads to a significant increase in the rate of chemical transformations in such systems. The synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite using structure-directing agents has been known since the late 70s of the last centuries, while the high cost of structure-directing agents used and the long duration of hydrothermal synthesis and the need for subsequent post-synthetic procedures lead to a high cost of the resulting zeolite. One of the possible ways to reduce the cost of the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite is the direct use of ZSM-5 zeolite as a structure-forming agent, while the synthesis conditions play a decisive role in the structure of the resulting zeolite. The article presents the results of a study of the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite and a study of its acidic properties using locally produced reagents. Zeolite was prepared using pre-milled silica gel, sodium hydroxide, and sodium aluminate. The pre-weighed silica gel sample was filled with sodium hydroxide solution and stirred at 70 °C to form a colloidal solution, after which the pre-prepared sodium aluminate solution was added, and hydrothermal synthesis was carried out at 180 °C for 24 hours. During the synthesis, the Si/Al ratio was varied in the range from 7.5 to 2000, while the resulting acidity ranged from 0.002 to 0.265 mmol(NH3)/g(ZSM-5). It was found that the synthesis of ZSM-5 using pre-prepared reagent solutions is superior to the method using direct dissolution of solid reagents in an autoclave. An increase in the Si/Al ratio from 7.5 to 100 leads to a corresponding increase in surface acidity from 0.066 mmol(NH3)/g(ZSM-5) to 0.265 mmol(NH3)/g(ZSM-5). A further increase in the Si/Al ratio to 2000 leads to a decrease in surface acidity to 0.002-0.005 mmol(NH3)/g(ZSM-5). A reliable and simple method for the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite has been developed, providing a zeolite yield of up to 97%.

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Synthesis and acidity study of mixed MFI-mord type zeolite

Brovko Roman, Lakina Natalia, Doluda Valentin

Статья научная

Zeolites of various nature are widely used in the chemical industry, the fuel and energy sector of the economy as sorbents, catalysts and materials for the creation of inorganic membranes for various purposes. At the same time, it is possible to change the acid properties of the surface of zeolites both by varying the ratio of silicon to aluminum or silicon to phosphorus, and by joint synthesis of zeolites of various types with different acidic properties. The presented article provides a method for the sequential production of a zeolite of a mixed structure type MFI and mordenite. Synthesis of the original MFI type zeolite was carried out using seed grains by the hydrothermal method for 72 hours, followed by washing and drying of the zeolite. To obtain a layer of mordenite on the surface of the MFI type zeolite, the initial zeolite was pretreated with alkali and then treated with n-butylamine. In this way, nine samples of zeolite with different acidic surface properties were obtained. Determination of the acidic properties of the surface was carried out by the method of ammonia chemisorption followed by its desorption from the surface of the zeolite. For this purpose, the test sample was loaded into a quartz cuvette, purged with argon at a temperature of 800°С, after which the temperature dropped to 150°С, and the surface of the zeolite was treated with ammonia. Subsequently, the test sample was heated up to 800°С with registration of desorption curves. The amount of adsorbed ammonia was carried out according to previously prepared calibration curves. The synthesized samples of zeolites had different acidity from 0.48 to 0.72 mmol(NH3)/g(sample). In this case, the total acidity of the samples correlated with the ratio of silicon to aluminum in the zeolite samples. Also, depending on the ratio of the MFI and mordenite structures in the zeolite sample, it is possible to vary not only the number, but also the strength of the formed acid sites. So, an increase in the content of mordenite contributes to an increase in the strength of acid centers. The developed method for the synthesis of mixed structure zeolites of the MFI type mordenite made it possible to control the surface acidity of the synthesized samples.

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Synthesis of As2Se3 in organic medium

Suleymanova Turadzh

Статья научная

Arsenic (III) selenide has been synthesized in organic medium by using metaarsenite and amorphous selenium. The synthesis was carried out at the temperature range of 433-443 °K, pH >10, during 2-8 hours. Resulting sediment is filtered, washed at first by 0.1 M of acetate acid solution, then by ethyl alcohol and dried at 353 °K. The chemical analysis of the sediment is made, thermal, X-ray phase analyses are carried out, and electron microscope images of microparticles are taken.

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Synthesis of amides and salts of oxalic acid and their use as plant growth regulators

Sultanova Ja.

Статья научная

Oxalic acid plays a very important role in the life of plant organisms. In addition, its salts and amide derivatives also have growth-stimulating properties. In this work, we show the results of research in the field of synthesis of amide derivatives of oxalic acid, and also investigated their growth properties using the example of some agricultural crops. Have found that the mono amide of oxalic acid has a stronger effect on the growth of pea seeds compared to the disubstituted amide of this acid. Thus, we can conclude that salts and amide derivatives of oxalic acid have a pronounced regulatory property during the ripening of pea and corn seeds. In this regard, they have been recommended as growth stimulants for these plants in agricultural practice.

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect of Succinic Acid–FeSO₄·7H₂O Complex on In Vitro Shoot Initiation of VSL-2 Plants

Alieva G., Mammadzadeh I., Huseynova E., Guliyeva G., Huseynzade A., Fataliyeva N.

Статья научная

In vitro micropropagation is a cornerstone of modern plant biotechnology, enabling rapid production of genetically uniform and pathogen-free plants. Iron (Fe) plays a critical role in plant growth and development, yet its availability in standard Murashige & Skoog (MS) media can be limited. This study synthesized a succinic acid-FeSO₄·7H₂O complex and evaluated its structural, thermal, and biological properties in relation to shoot initiation of the VSL-2 plant line. FT-IR and thermogravimetric analyses confirmed the monodentate coordination of succinate to Fe (II) and the thermal stability of the complex up to ~200°C. Application of the complex in MS medium significantly improved shoot initiation in a concentration-dependent manner, with the optimal effect observed at 1.5 mg·100 mL⁻¹, increasing initiation success to ~90% and the average number of new plantlets to 4.0 per explant. The stimulatory effect is likely due to enhanced Fe bioavailability, coupled with succinate-mediated modulation of antioxidant enzyme activity and redox balance, supporting meristematic activity. These findings suggest that succinate-bound Fe is a stable and effective alternative to conventional Fe sources, providing controlled Fe delivery and promoting early morphogenic events in plant tissue culture. The results have potential implications for improving micropropagation efficiency across diverse plant species.

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System of ensuring social and economic security of the industrial sector

Shvaiba Dzmitry

Статья научная

The methodological basis for the formation of the system of ensuring socio-economic security includes features of the industrial sector. The specifics of his defense was designed to show with the help of the methodological and operational foundations. Methodological framework is formulated based on the research process the functional specificity provide socio-economic security of the industrial sector. They form the perimeter of ensuring social and economic security, which is formed by the expectations of society from the defense system of the industrial sector of the country. Operating bases are complementary to the functional specificity of the system provide socio-economic security by means of the formation of a specific institutional framework. Among them, the following are noted: modeling, allowing multivariate escalation of adverse events in the industrial sector and methods of its evaluation; instrumental assistance, taking into account the need for instrumental diversity for the implementation of defense functions in changing criteria (the environment of the industrial sector, its structure and the state of inter-element connections); functional coherence as the need to balance the goals of ensuring the socio-economic security of the industrial sector with the objectives and values of the formation of the industrial sector of the country, which are fixed in the policy documents of the state.

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Systematic Analysis and Ecology of Herbaceous Species of the Family Rosaceae Juss

Babayeva S., Aliyeva S.

Статья научная

The present article investigates the herbaceous species of the family Rosaceae Juss. distributed in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and provides an ecological assessment of these species. Based on the analysis of available literature sources and the results of original field studies, a total of 40 herbaceous species belonging to 9 genera of the family Rosaceae were identified and studied within the regional flora. Among them, 17 species belong to the genus Potentilla L., 13 species to Alchemilla L., 2 species each to Sibbaldia L., Geum L., and Filipendula Mill. The remaining genera are represented by monotypic taxa, each comprising a single species. The family Rosaceae is of considerable interest due to its high level of biodiversity and significant ecological importance. The results of extensive field investigations indicate that the greatest species diversity of herbaceous Rosaceae taxa is observed up to the middle mountain belt, within the middle mountain belt, and in the subalpine and alpine zones, while the lowest diversity occurs in the lower mountain belt. In modern botanical research, issues related to the reconstruction of botanical-geographical and historical systems, the analysis of species distribution and genesis, and the clarification of distribution (areal) types are of particular importance. The herbaceous species of the family Rosaceae were classified according to their areal types as follows: Holarctic and Asia Minor (7 species each), Western Palaearctic and Northern Atropatene (6 species each), Caucasian areal class (5 species), Near Eastern and Northern Iranian areal classes (3 species each), Palaearctic (1 species), and Central Asian areal class (1 species). For one species, the areal type could not be determined. According to ecological group classification, it was determined that 55% of the herbaceous Rosaceae species are mesophytes, 35% mesoxerophytes, 5% xeromesophytes, 3% hydrophytes, and 2% xerophytes.

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Systematic Analysis of Artemisia L. Species and Contemporary Aspects of their Use (Based on Regional Floristic Studies)

Babayeva S.

Статья научная

The article presents an analysis of the systematic composition, ecological characteristics, and utilization directions of species belonging to the genus Artemisia L. distributed in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, based on regional floristic studies. As a result of literature review and field investigations, it was determined that the genus Artemisia L., belonging to the family Asteraceae, is represented by 15 species in the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, and their systematic classification has been clarified. During the study, the use of wormwood species as medicinal, essential oil-bearing, forage, food, spice, dye, and resin-producing plants was evaluated, and their multifunctional and promising nature was demonstrated. The results confirm that species of the genus Artemisia have significant scientific, research, and practical-economic importance in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

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Systematic composition and ecology of species of the genus Nepeta L. flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Babayeva S., Guliyeva N., Novruzov H., Bakhshaliyeva A.

Статья научная

The systematic composition of the genus Nepeta L. of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is presented. This is one of the most widespread genera of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The genus Nepeta is a perennial herbaceous plant cultivated in many regions of the world, especially in mountainous and semi-desert zones. The section is represented by 31 genera and 135 species. In Azerbaijan, 26 species of this genus are found. Nepeta L. is common on rocky-stony and roadside roadsides of the region. The species included in the genus are used in medical, ecological, decorative and cosmetic practice. As a result of the studies, it was established that 15 species of this genus were found in the flora of the Nakhchivan Republic. The species belonging to the genus are used in medical, ecological, decorative and cosmetic fields.

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Systematic review of the genus Hypericum L. in flora of Azerbaijan

Fatdayeva Aiten

Статья обзорная

Among the widespread plant species in Azerbaijan, the genus Hypericum L. which dates back to the Cenozoic era and belongs to the family Hypericaceae takes special place. 80% of the total number of species belonging to the Hypericaceae family are concentrated in the genus Hypericum , which is distinguished by its many-sided areas of application, especially in the pharmaceutical, decorative and dye industries. This genus is considered one of the largest genera of flowering plants in terms of species diversity (22%). Although research on the systematics of the genus Hypericum has been conducted by many scientists around the world, the general characteristics and taxonomic composition of the species distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan have not been studied for the last 50 years. As a result of our research, it was determined that there are not 15 species, but 19 species, 1 subspecies and 1 variety belonging to the genus in the flora. The characteristics, descriptions and synonyms of sections, species, subspecies were given.

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Systematic structure, biomorphology and geographical analysis of the flora of Ganja city and its surroundings

Mahmudova Ulviya

Статья научная

In the given article, the flora of Ganja city and its surrounding areas was studied, the plants were systematically, biomorphologically, geographically, ecologically, and endemically analyzed. The article also analyzed rare and endangered plants on scientific basis. In the researched region, 68 families, 244 genera, and 441 species of plants were identified. It is reported that the basis of the flora composition of the territories is angiosperms, the leading families of which are Poaceae with 38 genera (15.6%), 63 species (14.3%), Fabaceae 23 genera (9.4%), 48 species (10.9%); Asteraceae is represented by 15 genera (6.6%), 35 species (7.9%). It was determined that the composition of the flora of the study area is dominated by perennial grasses with 194 species (44%).

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Systematical structure, geographical areal classes and ecological groups of Rosa L. genus spreading in the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Ganbarov Dashgin, Babayeva Safura

Статья научная

The article presents data on the systematical structure, ecological groups, and areal classes of Rosa L. genus spread in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. As a result of researches in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the concept of 30 species of Rosa L genus was developed and spreading of these species by vertical heights, as well as geographic range classes based on regional and zonal principles, were determined.

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Taboos in Kyrgyz, Russian and English

Kanatbekova A., Davletalieva N.

Статья научная

This work explores the concept of taboos, their role in society, and their variations across different cultures. Taboos are social, cultural, and religious prohibitions that regulate behavior and communication. While some taboos maintain order and preserve traditions, others may seem outdated or restrictive. The study focuses on taboos in Kyrgyz, Russian, and English, analyzing their differences and significance. In Kyrgyzstan, taboos emphasize respect for elders, family honor, and religious beliefs. In Russia, many taboos are linked to superstition and politics, while in Great Britain, they are mostly related to politeness and personal boundaries. The paper also discusses the evolution of taboos, highlighting how societal changes influence their relevance. The analysis concludes that while taboos play an important role in shaping cultural identity, they should be reconsidered when they limit personal freedom or hinder progress. Understanding taboos helps improve cross-cultural communication and promotes tolerance.

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Taxonomic Composition and Use of the Genus Lathyrus L., Growing in the Territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Guliyeva N., Salmaova R.

Статья научная

The presented report provides information on the systematic composition of species of the genus Lathyrus L. of the legume family, common in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. During the comparative analysis of the collected herbarium materials and literary sources, it was found that the genus Gulyulja of the legume family on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is represented by 24 species, information on the current state of these species is reflected in the article. The prepared report also studies and shows ecological groups, geographical elements and altitudinal belts of species belonging to the genus Lathyrus L. of the legume family.

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Taxonomic Composition and Use of the Genus Satureja L., Widespread in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Guliyeva N., Bayramova A.

Статья научная

This article provides information on the taxonomic spectrum and uses of the species included in the genus Savory (Satureja L.) of the family Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae Martinov, nom. cons.), common in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. As a result of the studies, it was established that there are two species of this genus in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. According to literary data and our studies, species belonging to this genus are used in the spicy-aromatic and medicinal spheres.

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Taxonomic analysis of the Cirsium mill. genus in flora of Azerbaijan

Fatdayeva A.

Статья научная

The main goal was a systematic analysis of the Cirsium Mill. genus (Asteraceae) in flora of Azerbaijan. Floristic-systematic, comparatively morphological, ecological and other methods were used. In addition, materials stored in the Herbarium Fund of the Botanical Institute of Ministry of Science and Education, Republic of Azerbaijan were studied related to this genus. As a result of the research, it was established that 31 species of the genus Cirsium Mill. are widespread in the flora of Azerbaijan.

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Taxonomic composition and life forms of the family Asteraceae spreading in Daridagh massif area

Heydarova Aisel

Статья научная

The article provides information on the taxonomic composition and life forms of the Family Asteraceae Dumort, which is widespread in the Daridagh Massif area. During our research, 43 species belonging to 23 Genera of the Family Asteraceae Dumort spreaded in the Daridagh Massif area. Also, a comparative analysis of the number of species belonging to the Family and their life forms were studied. According to the analysis of the number of species of the Genera Helichrysum Mill. - 2 (4.65%), Taraxacum Wigg. - 2 (4.65℅), Centaurea L. - 3 (6.97%), Carduus L. - 3 (6.97%), Achillea L. - 3 (6.97%), Scorzonera L. - 6 (13.95%) and Tragopogon L. - 8 (18.6%) species are the main predominant species in the Daridagh Massif area and are represented by 27 (62.79%) species. The remaining Genera are monotype and consist of 16 (37.20%) species.

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Taxonomic composition and use directions of the genus Salvia L. distributed in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Guliyeva N., Guliyeva G., Farajova L.

Статья научная

In the presented article Lamiaceae Martinov, nom, cons are widespread in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Information about the taxonomic spectrum of species included in the genus Salvia (Salvia L.) and directions of use is provided. As a result of the studies, it was found that 19 species of this genus were found in the flora of the Nakhchivan MR. According to the literature and our studies, species belonging to the genus are used not only from an aesthetic point of view, but also as an ecological, economic and medicinal plant.

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