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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
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Все статьи: 6993
The communicative approach in English language teaching
Статья научная
Today, communities are increasingly facing rapid and profound changes and tensions that affect the social, economic, and political aspects of life. The role of education has also become questionable in the millennial era. A matter of fact, 21st century education requires a gradual shift in curriculum construction focusing on the transferable competencies that learners need to develop in instructional settings. In today’s knowledge-based, types of skills and competencies that students need to gain are different from in the past. Emphasizing the communicative competence is one of the most influential developments in language education. The implementation of communicative activities in EFL/ESL classroom prepares learners to use English in the world beyond based on their own needs, interests and opportunities.
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Статья научная
The paper presents the results of the investigation of the soils on the slopes with the exposure to the south and north in the valley of the Guayllabamba river, the South America, Equatorial Andes. The analisys proved that the soils on the slope with the exposure to the north are characterized with small amount of organic matter (0.10-0.21%). The organic matter content in the soils of the slope with the exposure to the south vary from 0.44 to 1.92%. The maximum organic matter amount on the slope with the exposure to the south reveals in the parts with the slope angle of 19°, the minimum amount charachterises the slope with the angle of 14° The upper part of the south-exposure slope, characterized as more fertile, differs in the most parameters. The slopes of Equatorial Andes are characterized by great microclimate diversity that creates a range of local ecosystems.
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Статья научная
Liner has a role as sealing or waterproof layer that was made to prevent water to be absorbed by the soil. A good liner is made within the minimum hydraulic conductivity (k) within the requirements of 1.0E-07 cm/s. This study was conducted to determine the extent on the difference between hydraulic conductivity (k) bentonite and termite nest ( Macrotermes gilvus Hagen) as one of the materials that have the potential to obtain small value of hydraulic conductivity (k). This research was conducted by examining the effect of hydraulic conductivity (k) value on the percentage of additives, such as bentonite and termite nest material ( M. gilvus Hagen), and then compared the hydraulic conductivity (k) values of those two materials. The variations in the additive content percentage are 5%, 15%, and 30% with laterite as a base material. Based on the results of falling head test at minimum density of 95% γdmax, the smallest hydraulic conductivity (k) value was obtained by bentonite with 30% mixed percentage level of 6.9390E-08 cm/s and the smallest hydraulic conductivity (k) value of termite nests was 1.2646E-07 cm/s with the content percentage of 5% mixture.
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The concept of development of management of small business based on institutional reforms
Статья обзорная
The development of small business management on the basis of theories based on theories of old institutionalism and new institutionalism, its theoretical and methodological analysis and its institutional framework for modern management. From the point of view of contemporary management, the concept of the impact of institutional factors on the development of small business on the issues of organizational business structures, the impact of economic infrastructures on the basis of evolutionary theoretical considerations, the concept of government support for the central, territorial and local legal and regulatory frameworks.
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The concept of discourse: features and interpretation
Статья научная
The concept of discourse occupies a central position in contemporary linguistic studies, reflecting the anthropocentric orientation of language. Discourse is widely regarded as a complex communicative process that integrates both linguistic and extralinguistic dimensions. Furthermore, numerous scholars emphasize its multifaceted nature, encompassing cognitive, sociocultural, and pragmatic aspects. This article aims to explore the theoretical foundations of discourse and its classification into various types, such as personal and institutional discourse. In addition, a comparative analysis of English and Russian lexicographic traditions highlights significant differences. While both languages underscore the importance of communicative interaction, the Russian perspective uniquely incorporates extralinguistic factors, including sociocultural and psychological dimensions. Consequently, discourse is conceptualized as a bridge between reality and text, facilitating a nuanced understanding of language use. Moreover, advertising discourse is identified as a subset of media discourse, distinguished by its systemic features. Ultimately, the study advances theoretical insights into discourse’s situational relevance and practical implications.
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The concept of war through seasonal symbolism in Ernest Hemingway's selected works
Статья научная
Humankind faced numerous war experiences in its existence. War concept is one of the significant themes in art; moreover, it is one of the frequently utilized concepts in literature. This paper studies war concept through seasonal symbolism in the context of Ernest Hemingway’s literary works, its interconnection with seasons of the year and post war conditions of the characters. The topicality of the paper can be explained through existing interest to symbolism, exactly seasonal symbolism in the literary world. Additional data is the analysis done on the seasonal symbolism depicting the concept of war in Ernest Hemingway’s works. The novelty of this paper lies in the analysis done to reveal symbolic interpretation of seasons reflecting the concept of war in Ernest Hemingway’s writings. During the analysis of this work the following methods of research were applied: qualitative method and comparative method of research. Symbolic interpretation of war concept can be illustrated with various phenomena. Some works depicts war through the usage and existence of weapons in the work, some with blood and death of the characters and finally, some works can reveal war symbolism through weather depiction and the existing season in the plotline of the work.
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Статья научная
This article conducts a linguistic and cultural analysis of proverbial expressions, we tried to identify the specifics of linguistic verbalization of the linguistic and cultural concept of “dreams (while sleeping) / сон (Russian) / түш (Kyrgyz)” in the Russian and Kyrgyz linguistic proverbial space. The combination of sustainable forms produces a proverbial space of language, which reflects the entire history of life, way of life and experience, folk observations, conclusions, traditions and customs of each nation. By conducting linguistic studies of each language, linguists identify the ethnocultural characteristics of each language, depending on such extralinguistic factors as: geographical location, mental processes in the consciousness of a certain ethnic group and worldview. The relevance of this survey is the importance of the linguistic and cultural concepts, semantic descriptions of the features of Russian and Kyrgyz paroemia, which are an integral part of the national linguistic picture of the world. The concepts of “dreams (while sleeping) / сон (Russian) / туш (Kyrgyz)” considered by are an important state of human existence, the basic concept of any linguistic culture.
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Статья научная
This paper identifies the role of the concept of father in English and Kyrgyz linguistic picture of the world. The aim of the study is to analyze this concept in two different cultures throughout proverbs, since proverbs do carry the nature and essence of a folk and language reflecting wisdom of a culture in every saying. The topicality of the research is the necessity in deeper understanding how different is the perception of the concept of father in two different languages. The novelty of this work is comparing the role of the concept of father in English and Kyrgyz languages with the help of folk sayings and determining possible differences and similarities in them. In order to achieve the aim of the topic, critical and comparative analyses were done on the interpretation of proverbs. Moreover, to complete the research, we have set following tasks: to give definitions for the concept of father, to classify the proverbs and sayings into possible semantic groups, and to compare the proverbs about father in two absolutely different languages. Thus, we can witness and establish the role of father in English and Kyrgyz cultures thanks to the important part of a speech such as a proverb which displays the ideology of every culture and folk.
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Статья научная
Definition of socio-economic security of the industrial sector, presented by us, allowed us to qualify the outline and basis of the system structure (methodological, methodological, operational), the method of decomposition of the elemental composition. The goals of the system formation depend on the more significant and large-scale tasks of the social and economic security of the industrial sector, which determines the purpose of the system. At the same time, the difficulties of socio-economic security are formulated from 2 positions. To begin with, from the point of view of the defense of state socio-economic interests and the industrial sector as a carrier of these interests. In-2, based on the need to maintain the performance of the industrial sector at a non-hazardous level. In coordination with the acquired results, we developed the structural and logical scheme of forming of the system of ensuring the social and economic safety of industrial sector.
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Статья научная
The structural complexity of the industrial sector is noticeable in the presence of a large number of interrelated, but not homogeneous components that potentially have all the chances to be used as objects of the forecast. Based on the circumstances of the implementation of socio-economic security - achieving the stability of the industrial sector - these objects makes sense to classify, noting the symptoms of status properties: industrial facilities (industry) and non-industrial (outdoor facilities that affect the position and formation of the industrial sector). Industry the industrial sector shape the circuitry in the industrial sector are responsible for the quality of its formation. At the same time, the position and formation of the component parts of the industrial sector is largely dependent on the situational changes in the external environment. But the various components of the industrial sector are not equally sensitive to external influences. In accordance with this, external influences are also required to be “covered” by the monitoring of socio-economic security and integrated into its facilities
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Статья научная
Migration turns out to be one of the most debated topics in Europe and particularly in Malta, that it is obviously not a recent phenomenon. One cannot, however, overlook the fact that migration is stirring up the intense public debate which brings this topic under the close scrutiny of the local community. This paper examines the far-reaching economic, labour and social implications generated by the settlement of a foreign and multicultural population in Malta. In particular, the discussion identifies an exhausted domestic labour force which has led to the displacement of labour in certain low-skilled sectors, in favour of foreign workers. An analysis is also undertaken of the current public attitude towards the proliferation of foreigners in Malta, exploring the manner in which the Maltese express a negative sentiment to foreign presence in their home country. The conclusions presented throughout the paper, in terms of labour-economic impact and public perception, are heavily founded upon the latest data gathered from a diverse range of surveys conducted among the Maltese population.
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The correlation of gullies with various length in the sector of Zabala, Pichincha province, Ecuador
Статья научная
The investigation of linear erosion forms was carried out at the city of Quito (Equatorial Andes). The study was aimed to define the correlation between rill forms with different length parameters in the key-site area located nearby Zabala. It is stated that the rill forms with the length up to 50 m (58%) prevail. The gullies with the length of more than 200 m make 9% of all rill forms. Nevertheless, these gullies, as a rule, create main channels that provoke the formation of multiple side forms in the process of regressive erosion. The further development of the linear erosion causes the dissection of the investigated area that increases the risk for landslide developments.
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The cultivation of winter wheat in the Ganja-Gazakh economic region
Статья научная
To obtain a high yield of wheat, the described cultivation technology should be observed. Consideration should be given to the biological characteristics of winter wheat, varieties, soil preparation for sowing, sowing dates, sowing rates, irrigation, fertilization, disease and pest control, and, finally, timely harvest without losses in accordance with relevant conditions. Since winter wheat is demanding on mineral fertilizers, one of the most important factors was the determination of the norms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers. Taking into account the fact that the chemical composition of winter wheat grain is not constant, but varies depending on the type and variety, climatic conditions, soil fertility, cultivation technology, a technology has been developed for growing 4 different varieties of winter wheat. For the Ganja-Kazakh economic region to obtain high-quality grain, which makes it possible to obtain an average yield of 50-60 centners per 1 ha.
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The cultural effects of international student mobility: Russian millennials
Статья научная
This research study measures and presents the cultural effects of international mobility on Generation Y students in Russia. The analyzed sample is based on primary research data (n=302) supported by secondary data and literature review. Two major groups have been compared: (former) students with international mobility experience - the ones who participated the in Tempus, Erasmus+ or other exchange programs, and students without foreign experience, graduates who took part only in the domestic education system. In order to reveal the measurable impacts of international mobility, Likert scale items were used to measure respondents’ attitudes to particular statements such as self-confidence, tolerance, cultural acceptance, and active citizenship. Among the 15 variables adopted in this study, the importance of seeing the value of different cultures” was identified as the highest positive difference in favour of the internationally mobile group.
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The current state of flora and phytocoenosis along the Kura river in Mingachevir city (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
During the geographical analysis of the flora in the area surrounding the city of Mingachevir, situated on the banks of the Kura River in Azerbaijan, a total of 158 species of angiosperms were recorded. These were found to be represented in 28 families and 79 genera. As a result of the analysis, a flora conspectus was prepared. During the conducted research, six types of vegetation were identified along the Kura River in Mingachevir city. These vegetation types include bozghir (dry steppe), semi-desert, halophyte desert, thicket-grass, wetland, and forest. The researchers found that these vegetation types are represented by eight formation classes, nine formation groups, and ten associations. The research included the species composition of the identified formations and carried out geobotanical descriptions. We also evaluated the economic importance of phytocoenosis by determining the main fodder plants and the modern state of the terrestrial flora and phytocoenosis.
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The depiction of childhood in English fairy tales and folklore
Статья научная
This article explores the depiction of childhood in English fairy tales and folklore, analyzing key aspects and symbolism associated with the image of the child. The study examines how cultural perceptions of childhood, upbringing, and the social role of the child are conveyed through fairy tale plots and characters. It identifies the main archetypes and motifs present in English folklore and their influence on the perception of childhood in the English-speaking world. The article also discusses the significance of these motifs in shaping national identity and instilling values in the younger generation.
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The design of electric fire engine
Статья научная
The electric fire engine is based on the single chip microcomputer as the control core. In order to better realize the fire extinguishing function, the latest electric fire engine has added the tracking module, wireless transceiver module, etc., to realize the intelligent fire engine to detect the fire source and extinguish the flame. This design combines the principle of single chip microcomputer with the hardware and software circuit program to realize the function of automatic tracking and fire extinguishing, without the fire personnel risking their lives to carry out on-site operation. This kind of electric intelligent fire truck adds some practical small functions, brings us a lot of convenience, can better serve human beings. The main model of this design is a small toy car model with universal wheel and motor control wheel. The chassis is installed with a variety of sensors with different functions to achieve the purpose of moving forward and backward, steering and avoiding obstacles and eventually extinguishing the fire source. At the same time, the car can also realize wireless remote control. By comparing the shortcomings of the traditional fire truck, some improvements are made, the circuit diagram of intelligent control is designed, and the method of wireless control car for fire fighting is explored with the combination of practice and thinking, so as to further improve the fire truck and make it intelligent. The main purpose of this design is to reduce the fire casualties and improve the need for fire personnel to take the risk of life operation of the traditional fire truck function. Its advantages are automatic tracking, avoidance of obstacles, wireless control, measuring the source of fire.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to the problem of preparation and implementation of an elective course in computer science as one part of the course of teaching high school students of physical and mathematical profile. Currently, specialties where a foreign language is used in its applied function, often as the means to study another subject area, are popular. This is due to the fact that many students want to use their English-speaking knowledge and skills in their future profession. It is possible to impart an applied nature and practical orientation through conducting elective courses that would familiarize the students with the basics of their future professional activity. The use of English for conducting elective courses contributes to the formation of communicative competence of students and the development of academic skills. The aim of the work is to create an elective course in English “Theory of Kolmogorov complexity”. Methodological basis of the research was personal-oriented, system-activity and competence approaches to teaching. The elective course proposed is the introduction of students into a new area of computer science - the theory of the complexity of information, which is closely related to cybernetics. The result of the study was the development of an elective course program in English, which includes not only a methodology for conducting and a plan of course, but also various types of assignments that contribute to better understanding of the material offered to students and can initiate research work on this topic. Particular attention is paid to communicative orientation, involving the use of English in the future professional activities of students. The results of the research can be applied in the practice of school instruction in computer science, and also serve as a basis for the preparation of teaching aids and special courses for high school students in physical and mathematical profile.
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The development of the transport system in Surkhandarya province
Статья научная
Research of the transport system of Surkhandarya region shows that most rural districts have weak transport potential, which does not allow effective use of their mineral raw material potential. For this reason, ensuring the development and expansion of the existing regional transport systems, their modernization, regional improvement of the regional transport system is one of the urgent issues of today.
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Статья научная
Among the alternative energy sources, of particular importance is the hydrogen energy industry, whose advantage over petroleum products consists in its high environmental safety and caloric content, inexhaustible natural reserves, its use in the internal combustion engines, and so on. Among the hydrogen-containing raw materials used in the fuel elements, particular attention is paid to hydrogen sulfide, which is disintegrated into sulfur and hydrogen. One of the biggest sources of hydrogen sulfide is the Black Sea, whose total volume is increasing annually by 4-9 million tons. The paper dwells on several methods for extracting hydrogen sulfide from the Black Sea basin, as well as associated difficulties. It also presents methods for the decomposition of hydrogen sulfide, of which special mention should be made on the plasma-chemical membrane technology.
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