Science, Education and Innovations in the Context of Modern Problems @imcra
Статьи журнала - Science, Education and Innovations in the Context of Modern Problems
Все статьи: 838
French Colonial Companies and the Exploitation of Southern Oran: The Kenadsa Coal Mine as a Case
Статья научная
This study investigates the economic role of French colonial companies in Southern Oran, Algeria, with a particular focus on the Kenadsa coal mine. Established in the early 20th century near Béchar, the Kenadsa mine became a key asset in fueling French industry. The paper explores how colonial authorities organized and managed mining operations, prioritizing resource extraction for metropolitan benefit while subjecting local Algerian workers to exploitative labor conditions, racial discrimination, and socio-economic marginali-zation. The research also addresses the environmental and social repercussions of these practices, which left long-lasting scars on the region. By analyzing the Kenadsa coal mine as a case study, the paper highlights the broader dynamics of colonial exploitation in Algeria’s resource-rich southern territories.
Бесплатно
French Colonial Policy in Algeria: Integration and Naturalisation Policies as a Model
Статья научная
The policies of integration and naturalisation are among the most significant strategies that French colonialism sought to implement in the Algerian territory as part of a comprehensive colonial project. Its primary aim was to assimilate and dissolve Algerian identity within the French colonial entity politically, religiously, and culturally to extend its influence over the region and seize its wealth and resources, thereby attempting to subject the Algerian people to eternal rule. Within the framework of this integration policy, colonial France implemented various political, administrative, and judicial laws and legislation in Algeria. This paper seeks to present the most prominent laws before addressing the French naturalisation laws applied in colonial Algeria under successive governments and examining the position of Algerians, both elites and the general populace, towards these measures.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
This study examines the status of the Arabic language and its role in education in Algeria during the 19th century, as well as the position of the colonial administration toward it. It explores a series of political and cultural measures employed in the field of education, particularly the imposition of the French lan-guage as a substitute for Arabic, which in turn was part of a broader effort to suppress the fundamental identity of the Algerian people. The study also sheds light on the means and apparatuses mobilized to control the cultural and intellectual life of Algeria during the colonial period. The central problem re-volves around the extent of the French colonial administration's commitment to its anti-Arabic language policies and the foundations of those policies. The methodology follows an objective analytical ap-proach, utilizing various historical, political, social, and psychological tools—especially given that the lan-guage issue remains one of the most authentic and deep-rooted aspects of Algerian society. The study concludes with a set of findings and conclusions.
Бесплатно
French projects for colonial penetration in southern Algeria between 1830 and 1880
Статья научная
French colonial policy in Algeria aimed to extend its control over the entire Algerian territory. To achieve its objectives, it adopted a variety of methods, including political, economic, and military approaches, as well as a missionary religious strategy. Through the latter, France attempted to Christianize Algerians, but it failed despite its covert efforts. This strategy was realized through the work of missionaries and explorers, who paved the way for occupation. This research article seeks to reveal the colonial plans that enabled France to penetrate and occupy southern Algeria. It examines a well-defined strategy, including exploration missions, projects implemented to expand its influence, proselytism campaigns, and the policy of expansion in southern Algeria.
Бесплатно
From Achebe to Afrofuturism: How African Literature Is Rewriting Its Narrative
Статья научная
This article explores the evolving landscape of African literature by tracing its trajectory from the foundational realist narratives of Chinua Achebe to the vibrant emergence of Afrofuturism in contemporary African writing. Achebe’s work, particularly Things Fall Apart, is recognized for reclaiming African identity from colonial distortion and establishing a literary tradition grounded in cultural realism. However, in the wake of globalization, digital transformation, and the reimagining of African futures, a new generation of writers is embracing speculative genres such as science fiction and fantasy to articulate postcolonial aspirations and diasporic experiences. Through a postcolonial and Afrofuturist theoretical lens, this study examines how African literature in 2025 redefines itself—blending myth, technology, and resistance to envision liberated futures. It argues that this shift does not abandon Achebe’s legacy but rather expands it, proving that African storytelling remains fluid, inventive, and deeply political.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The eighteenth century was an era dominated by a critical philosophy that challenged all previous systems of thought. It rejected theology and dismantled the sacred status once conferred by the Church upon feudal institutions. It promoted the spirit of tolerance, freedom of thought, scientific inquiry, and the elevation of reason. Thinkers of the time opposed out dated conceptions of the world and introduced a new worldview grounded in positivist science. The rationalists of the eighteenth century subjected all forms of knowledge to criticism: religion, society, and political institutions. These figure s were promin ent in the history of European thought and played a major role in the liberation of minds and the enlightenment of reason. A wave of intellectual emancipation spread, championed and defended by these thinkers. Significant works emerged, such as David Hume’ s attempt to apply the experimental method to the human sciences for the first time, alongside the rise of Cartesian rationalism. Among the most notable figures of the eighteenth century were Condorcet and Auguste Comte, who sought to apply the scientific principles of mathematics and physics to the methodology of study in the social and human sciences.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
For most pioneers and innovators from various modern trends in theatrical directing, the theatrical space, has been regarded the most important element. This focus has led them to concentrate on updating the aesthetics of the space and working on it based on a triadic relationship system: the actor, the audience, and the space (the spatial creation with all its components). Therefore, it is important to examine the key historical milestones in the development of modern theatrical trends and to explore the experiences of significant pioneers whose work has influenced the theatrical performance. This includes those who, during their practices, updated the aesthetics of the space, as well as others who relied on new approaches in their research tha t redefined the performance elements, particularly the actor and the audience, and the relationship between them and how each connects to the space.
Бесплатно
Fuel pumps plunger pairs chrometitanium plating regimes justification
Статья научная
The article presents the results of research on the corrosion of high-pressure parts of fuel pumps. given and their restoration for diffusion chrometitanium plating regimes choice justified. Certain done that diffusion saturation from the period original as plunger diameter important varies to a certain extent. It should be noted that the material of the part, its initial and subsequent heat treatment, and the plunger to swell has an important impact.
Бесплатно
Functional products from black root preparation technology
Статья научная
The article discusses the physicochemical properties of black root, the juice obtained from it, as well as the technology for preparing various functional products from black root. The color of black radish is given by the anthocyanin and a small amount of α-carotene. The body converts this pigment into vitamin A. This vitamin is not only beneficial for skin and eye diseases, but also increases resistance to cardiovascular diseases and cancer. It supports the healing process of stomach acid-related problems such as ulcers. It protects our body from free radicals due to its very strong antioxidant properties. This property also ensures that it creates a protective effect on our body from flu to various types of cancer.
Бесплатно
Fuzzy logic of Lutfi Zadeh and methodological and epistemo-logical analysis of set theory
Статья научная
In order to understand the essence of Lutfi Zadeh’s creativity, which introduced a number of scientific innovations into the treasury of world culture and had a great influence on contemporaries with its fundamental discoveries and amazing ideas, as well as to objectively evaluate the new impulses and directions that he brought to public consciousness, first of all, one should comprehend not only the real, but also the philosophical essence of the discoveries, to voice them in the language of philosophical thinking. The fuzzy logic of the great scientist and thinker, who has gained great prestige in modern scientific circles, illuminating theoretical thinking from a new angle and significantly elevating the horizons of human knowledge over the traditional binary logic of Aristotle, is today accepted with admiration by world scientists and is intensively studied as one of the fundamental discoveries of the twentieth century. It is no coincidence that at present this theory has become the object of extensive discussions, the subject of dialogues at international conferences, symposiums, scientific seminars periodically held in Japan, Germany, the USA, Russia, China, Turkey, France and a number of other countries. This fact itself is an important indicator of the high appreciation of Lutfi Zadeh's theories by world scientists.
Бесплатно
Fuzzy logic of Lutfi Zadeh and methodological and epistemo-logical analysis of set theory
Статья научная
In order to understand the essence of Lutfi Zadeh’s creativity, which introduced a number of scientific innovations into the treasury of world culture and had a great influence on contemporaries with its fundamental discoveries and amazing ideas, as well as to objectively evaluate the new impulses and directions that he brought to public consciousness, first of all, one should comprehend not only the real, but also the philosophical essence of the discoveries, to voice them in the language of philosophical thinking. The fuzzy logic of the great scientist and thinker, who has gained great prestige in modern scientific circles, illuminating theoretical thinking from a new angle and significantly elevating the horizons of human knowledge over the traditional binary logic of Aristotle, is today accepted with admiration by world scientists and is intensively studied as one of the fundamental discoveries of the twentieth century. It is no coincidence that at present this theory has become the object of extensive discussions, the subject of dialogues at international conferences, symposiums, scientific seminars periodically held in Japan, Germany, the USA, Russia, China, Turkey, France and a number of other countries. This fact itself is an important indicator of the high appreciation of Lutfi Zadeh's theories by world scientists.
Бесплатно
Gender and Sustainable Development – A Comprehensive Approach to Achieving Gender Equality
Статья научная
The article discusses the topic of gender and sustainable development from a comprehensive perspective aimed at achieving gender equality. It explores gender as a social and cultural construct, distinct from biological sex, used to analyze differences and social roles between men and women. The article emphasizes that gender is not fixed but is shaped through socialization and diverse cultural contexts. It traces the historical development of the gender concept, evolving from rigid traditional views to a dynamic, multidimensional framework that intersects with class, race, and gender identity. The article then reviews major gender theories, including various strands of feminism, symbolic interactionism, intersectionality, queer theory, and others, explaining how gender roles are constructed and how they influence social relationships and power dynamics. Gender applications are examined across several domains education, labor markets, politics, health, media, and law highlighting persistent gender gaps and challenges, such as stereotypes, wage disparities, and underrepresentation in political spaces. The article proposes practical solutions including reforming educational and legal policies, promoting inclusive media content, and implementing gender-sensitive health and education programs. The article concludes that achieving gender equality is essential for sustainable development and comprehensive social justice. It calls for the dismantling of traditional gender roles and the empowerment of women through inclusive, context-aware reform strategies that reflect the complexity of social and cultural realities.
Бесплатно
Gender aspects of environmental development for sustainable development
Статья научная
What is sustainable development? There are quite a few definitions in the literature, but there is no unambiguous, generally accepted interpretation of the essence of sustainable development. Usually, sustainable development is understood as development that meets the needs of the present, but does not threaten the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Thus, sustainable development will be if natural capital is renewed as it is depleted or replaced by artificially created capital, it is not eaten away. In other words, humanity should live off the interest on natural capital and not remain a debtor to future generations. The concept of sustainable development emerged as a result of combining three main goals: economic, social and environmental into a single system. The interaction of these elements with each other gives rise to the tasks of sustainable development.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
International efforts to reduce methane emissions have evolved significantly from the Kyoto Protocol to recent initiatives like the Global Methane Pledge and discussions in Baku. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) was the first treaty to recognize methane as a greenhouse gas, while the Montreal Protocol indirectly contributed to its reduction. The UNFCCC has facilitated ongoing dialogues about methane, leading to the Global Methane Pledge in 2021, aiming for a 30% reduction by 2030. The Baku Process (2022) further emphasized collaboration and monitoring in the oil and gas sector. Regional initiatives, particularly in the EU and North America, also target methane emissions, reflecting a growing commitment to addressing this potent greenhouse gas in climate strategies.
Бесплатно
Global Governance and Climate Change: Legal and Political Challenges towards a Sustainable Future
Статья научная
This research aims to explore the relationship between global governance and climate change, fo-cusing on the legal and political challenges facing the international community in its pursuit of building a sustainable future. It will highlight the importance of international cooperation, envi-ronmental legislation, and global policies in addressing this crisis. The research will analyze the consequences of failing to take decisive measures in this field, as well as provide an analysis of re-cent data and statistics to show the scale of the challenge. Additionally, the article will discuss the legal and political frameworks that can help achieve a more effective response to climate change.
Бесплатно
Global Pandemics in Literature: Voices from the Edge in Station Eleven by Emily St. John Mandel
Статья научная
Emily St. John Mandel’s Station Eleven provides a profound examination of a post-pandemic reality, in which the disintegration of civilization caused by the Georgia Flu serves as both a tangible and metaphorical framework. This article analyzes the novel's thematic exploration of global pandemics, emphasizing the survival, memory, and resilience of human groups following these devastating occurrences. This perspective focuses on the significance of art, especially through the Traveling Symphony, which maintains cultural continuity during societal disintegration. The narrative's broken form, alternating among several perspectives, mirrors the disordered essence of post-pandemic existence and highlights distinct experiences of trauma and hope. The novel also examines existential inquiries on human connection, the significance of life, and the essence of civilization during catastrophe. Station Eleven, through its complex depiction of survival, examines the potential for individual and communal transformation after a worldwide catastrophe, so enriching the discourse on how pandemics alter society and human identity in literature.
Бесплатно
Hare Krishna: Bridges Between Vaishnavite Heritage and Contemporary Hinduism
Статья научная
The Hare Krishna movement stands as one of the most prominent examples of the dynamism seen in modern religious movements, successfully attracting followers from diverse cultural and social backgrounds. This article explores the factors that contributed to the success of this sect, as well as the mechanisms used by the Hare Krishna movement to spread its beliefs and values. Furthermore, the article highlights the role of the sect in building bridges between Vaishnavite heritage and contemporary Hinduism. More precisely, it examines how the Hare Krishna movement has become a symbol of spiritual renewal within Hinduism and how this has impacted the global religious landscape.
Бесплатно
Health facility responsibility for “th” mandatory vaccination
Статья научная
Legal liability for medical damage is one of the most important topics that attracts the attention of jurists and researchers in the legal field, especially since medical facilities have begun to use medical machines and devices from specialists, the use of which is often characterized by risks that threaten the health and life of the patient despite its great benefits, and the use of modern and complex technologies in the medical field, which may result directly or indirectly, immediately or later, in damages to the clients, in addition to the risks that accompany the work of prevention, diagnosis or treatment, including damages resulting from a medical accident or a clinic infection, or damages resulting from the approved health protocol, and the determination of objective liability entails repairing the damage suffered by the injured party, and the state may resort to mandatory vaccination, which results in damages.
Бесплатно
Higher Education in the Era of Digitization: Towards Comprehensive and Sustainable Quality
Статья научная
Higher education in the modern era has undergone a fundamental transformation due to rapid technological ad-vancements and the widespread adoption of information and communication technologies. Digitization has be-come a crucial element in the development of the higher education system. It now serves as a strategic tool to en-sure the continuity of the educational process and to achieve comprehensive and sustainable quality by enhancing access to knowledge, providing flexible and diverse learning environments, and improving the academic and ad-ministrative performance of universities, Digital higher education aims to meet the demands of the modern age by improving the quality of educational programs, developing digital skills among students and faculty, and promoting equity in access to education. It also contributes to building an integrated knowledge-based society. To achieve these goals, it is essential to adopt modern educational policies, provide digital infrastructure, and activate evalua-tion and quality assurance mechanisms, In light of this transformation, universities are moving toward adopting integrated digital strategies focused on e-learning, self-directed learning, and distance training, while emphasizing a culture of innovation, interaction, and active participation. This ensures the development of a high-performing, competitive, and sustainable digital higher education system in the long term.
Бесплатно
