Original scientific work. Рубрика в журнале - Pravo - teorija i praksa
Статья научная
Zaštita životne sredina predstavlja jednu od najznačajnih dimenzija pravne regulative današnjice. Osnovu navedene zaštite čine principi sadržani u brojnim međunarodnim i regionalnim pravnim aktima. U radu je najpre pažnja usmerena na objašnjenje termina princip, odnosno načelo. Zatim je sačinjen prikaz pojedinih principa, sadržanih u propisima Republike Srbije, na kojima se zasniva sprečavanje i kontrola zagađivanja životne sredine. Ukazano je i na određene nedostatke zakonskih rešenja u ovoj oblasti, kao i na neophodnost njihovog otklanjanja.
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Статья научная
The subject of this paper is an analysis of the procedure of the amendments to the “Mitrovdan” Constitution from the perspective of adherence to the procedure and protection of the constitutional continuity. Considering the multivalent effect of the constitutional revision on the strenghtening of the constitutional order, constitutional culture, and rule of law in an unique legal-political moment immediately following the proclamation of the Act on Amendments to the Constitution, but prior to the enactment of the set of judicial laws, the study aims to analyse whether the procedure of the constitutional amendment contributed to the furtherance of the constitutional democracy. The scope of the study is limited to a procedure, the sequence of formal acts following a prescribed procedure for the constitutional amendment, while the subject of the amendments is reflected upon only as it is necessary for understanding both the essence and context of the matter. It is indisputable that by adopting 29 amendments to the “Mitrovdan” Constitution and guaranteeing the independence of the judiciary and prosecution there was made an important step in the process of overcoming tensions between both the form and substance of the constitutional political culture. But, at the same time, there were some additional restraints of the authorities of the National Assembly. The process of improving the constitutional democracy, preserving the constitutional continuity, and building the constitutional culture of Serbia is analysed from a historical perspective, with a special reference to the procedure for adopting the 2006 Constitution. The methodological, historical-comparative approach is completed by analyzing the comments and interpretations of certain constitutional acts, laws, and bylaws. The additional value of the analysis stems from the methodological facts being interpreted from the perspective of a fifteen-year experience as a Member of Parliament, and a direct participant in the constitutional review process as a member of the Committee on Constitutional Affairs and Legislation of the National Assembly.
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Profiling of online pedophiles
Статья научная
Paraphilias represent a group of disorders characterized by a pathological sexual tendency or anomaly, with the impulses including intense sexual fantasies and urges that keep returning in regard to the unusual objects, activities, circumstances, and/or certain category such as the children. Pedophilia belongs to this group of disorders and it is alternatively labeled as a pedophile disorder, which includes specific incriminated actions, which in addition to prison sentences, generally result in a social stigmatization of not only perpetrators but victims too. It is a sexual affinity disorder mostly found in adults who have expressed sexual fantasies and a tendency to enter the sexual relations with children of the same or the opposite sex. Nowadays, a “digital space” has become a unique environment where these specific crimes take place, and the border between the virtual and real world is practically indistinguishable. In this digital environment, pedophiles and other sexual predators have got a new space in which they establish spontaneous contacts with potential victims (often with children). In a manipulative way, they recruit vulnerable individuals with the aim of various forms of abuse and sexual exploitation. Considering the fact that it is a delicate and variable disorder, which calls for an interdisciplinary approach, profiling these persons is crucial in relation to any countermeasure. Profiling is also necessary to systematically investigate the symptoms, nature, and factors of psychopathological conditions and deviations in the existences of the affected persons. After all, it is one of the ways of reaction to make pedophilia more visible as a part of preventive programs before the late manifestation. In this paper, there are applied the methods of a quantitative and qualitative content analysis, comparative analysis (reaction to pedophilia) as well as a descriptive and analytical statistics. The purposeful goal is to recognize pedophilia as a sociopathological phenomenon that requires an adequate response from the social community.
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Статья научная
The importance of proof in administrative proceedings is arising from the fact that the development of substantive law, a change or termination of any rights is related to the existence or non-existence of relevant facts. Evidence provides the answer to the question of whether in life exists a specific facts, which is the basis for the development of a law. The existence of such facts is basing on the evidence. ZOOUP in the article 149th paragraph 2. lists the most common means of evidence that authorities used in administrative procedure, and those are documents, witnesses, the statement of the party, warlock, and investigation. ZOOUP is providing a duty of withholding from investigation for one side and the prohibition of injuring the business, professional and scientific secrets from the official, on the other side. Securing of evidence is being done when there is a fear that the evidence cannot be brought later, or that his performance will be significantly difficult. Securing the evidence is performed according to the obligation of official duty or at the proposal of the party.
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Protection measures for the children without a parental care
Статья научная
Foster care is the most important measure of the protection of the rights and interests of the children who have either been left without a parental care or have had certain developmental and behavioural disorders, and cannot live with their biological parents. In addition to a foster care as a measure of the protection of the children without a parental care, in a legal system of Republic of Serbia, there are some other institutes of a legal guardianship and adoption too. Foster care is most often associated with altruism and humanity of the people who have decided to be foster parents, and who had had these qualities even before that decision. Foster care in Republic of Serbia has had its ups and downs. The social crisis has also affected this institute, but the humanity that foster care carries in its nucleus and the fact of helping the helpless has always managed to ensure a foster care not to disappear from the legal regulations. By using the comparative, historical, analytical and descriptive method, the aim of this paper is to analyse a foster care as one of the measures of protecting the children without a parental care, as well as to indicate the current state of foster families in Republic of Serbia and the position of children in them.
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Protection of consumers rights in life insurance contracts
Статья научная
Life insurance is a special type of activity exerting a strong influence on a country’s social and economic structure. Its main field of interest is human life. Life insurance contracts are founded on the basis concept of the legal position of an insured person as the weaker contracting party either due to his/her knowledge of the insurance service and the circumstances surrounding it or due to his/her negotiating position and the financial means put at his/her disposal. The insurer is a trader and professional, which cannot be said for the insured person, who, accordingly, should be ensured protection within the current legal framework. In that sense, it is essential the security and protection of the insurance beneficiary to be provided against all the risks and irregular actions which can be anticipated and prevented. In accordance with the importance of its topic, the paper touches upon the term and characteristics of life insurance contracts. It also includes the definition of life insurance and legal aspects of life insurance contracts, all of which to be followed by a detailed elaboration on the selected topic of the paper, which is reflected in its subtitle – the analysis of consumers (insurance beneficiaries) protection in insurance contracts generally speaking and in life insurance contracts in particular.
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Статья научная
The Constitution of the Republic of Serbia contains a large number of provisions on human rights and freedoms. The Constitution guarantees all three generations of rights. Articles 28 and 29 of the Constitution regulate the following rights: Dealing with a person deprived of liberty and Supplementary rights in case of deprivation of liberty without a court decision. Basing the provisions on the aforementioned articles of the Constitution, the criminal procedure legislation has regulated in detail the matter of dealing with persons in custody. After a detailed analysis of the rules of treatment of persons in detention, it has been concluded that it is not about any specific rights or rules, but only about the realization of the basic guaranteed rights that every citizen should enjoy, regardless of their status. Bearing in mind the topic, the paper analyzes the development and conceptual definition of human and minority rights. Some characteristic provisions of the Constitution related to the topic of the paper were also analyzed, and then an overview was made of the legal provisions in Serbia on the treatment of persons who are in detention, and which have their basis precisely in the provisions of the Constitution.
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Protection of personal data of employees
Статья научная
Protection of personal data of employees forms part of the concept of the right to privacy which is becoming increasingly important with the development of various means of monitoring and control by employers, thus creating the need for adopting the legislation that would protect individuals from undesired data processing. The legislation that regulates the field of data protection has created a complex system of their protection. This paper will hence summarise those legal solutions that are relevant to understanding the protection of personal data of employees in the European Union law, but also in the law of the Republic of Serbia. In addition to this, the paper will explore the right to protection of personal data from the perspective of employees, but also from that of employers, by analysing various means of supervision and examples from the practice.
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Статья научная
Ivan Mažuranić, Croatian Ban who reigned from 1873-1880 implemented significant reforms in education, administration, and judiciary since his political programme focused on the provision of the modern legal framework for Croatian autonomy. During the second year of his reign, on 19th August 1874, Ban Mažuranić proposed to the Parliament a draft Act on the organisation of public schools and teacher training schools (original in Croatian Zakon ob ustroju pučkih školah i preparandijah), which was adopted and confirmed by the Austrian Emperor and Hungarian-Croatian King Francis Joseph I already on 14th October 1874. That Act is considered to be the first Croatian autonomous school law and one of the most liberal school laws in Europe, as it secured the schools the status of secular institutions. Many of the provisions of that Act are still accurate and applicable in today's Croatian educational system. However, being proposed back then, they caused serious debates and protests of all social classes. A qualitative comparative analysis of the Act on the organisation organization of public schools and teacher training schools and the current Act on education in primary and secondary schools will compare the legislative frameworks for encouraging creativity in education, which provide prerequisites for the creative and autonomous work of teachers. Having passed this law, Ban Mažuranić proved himself to be serious in fulfilling his election promises. Along with other laws enforced in judiciary and administration, this Act opened the way for the modernisation of the former Croatian state and its faster adoption of European standards of a modern civil state.
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Public finances in constitutional system of Serbia
Статья научная
Matter of public finances doesn't belong to the cycle of fundamental questions of so-called materie constitutionis. However main principle of socio-economic system of one political community, in which question of public finances is one of basic is regulation of every modern constitution. This scientific work is focusing on norms relevant for the question of public finances, which are contained in Constitution of Republic of Serbia and in proposal of new Statute of Vojvodina Province, and will consist, after Statute goes into effect, the largest number of norms already contained in constitutional system of Serbia. Substances referring to public finances are not considered only in part which contains them under the title. Questions directly or indirectly related to public finances can be found besides the following, in part about human and minority rights and freedom, Republic authority, separation of powers and territorial structure. Part of constitution referring to public finances is deficient. According to article 91 of the Low, resources for financing Republic regulation, province and local authority are providing from taxes and other incomes defined by the law, which also defines budget regulation, public debts, proper regional development, and Central bank and Governmental revision institution. Former constitution, as the difference from the existing one, made important changes in system of public finances in Serbia. Guaranteeing province and units of local authority the right for incomes, Republic of Serbia demonstrated determination for general decentralization, including fiscal without which is illusory to talk about any other. Through tax legislation and other financial laws constitutional regulation will get acquire meaning.
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Public sector reform according to the new public management model
Статья научная
During the last 30 years or even more many countries implemented certain programs in order to transform the public sector representing a consequence of generating economic- financial and fiscal pressures. In these countries various initiatives have successively been driven based on liberal principles of the market economy, mainly motivated by similar reasons with a cumulative effect to realize the development goals of the new global environment. A number of these initiatives are based on the same assumptions, so we can talk about the reforms of programs being more or less coherent in their content. One of such programs is the New Public Management (New Public Management, NPM), which was, in the conceptual sense, initiated in the UK and other countries of the Anglo-Saxon tradition in early 1980s. Although in practical terms a particular manifestation of this model was, as the nucleus, firstly widespread through New Zealand and Australia and later through the Scandinavian countries, those reflections were very extensive, and acquired the form of a paradigm for contemporary changes in the sphere of public sector governance in many continental countries where they experienced an empirical verification.
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Purpose of criminal sanctions in the law of the Republic of Serbia
Статья научная
The subject of the paper is the general and specific purpose of criminal sanctions in the law of the Republic of Serbia, with a brief overview of certain characteristics of criminal sanctions, and in order to better understanding them. Achieving the purpose of prescribing and imposing criminal sanctions contributes to the realization of the basic function of criminal law, which is aimed at combating crime. Reducing crime is necessary, but as it is a complex phenomenon, achieving this goal is not easy, and understanding the purpose of criminal sanctions can contribute to a more successful application of criminal law and, to that end, to more successfully counteract of this negative phenomenon.
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Razlozi za izjavljivanje žalbe u parničnom postupku
Статья научная
Žalba protiv presude u parničnom postupku, čini jedan od najvažnijih oblika zaštite građanskih prava i sloboda, zajemčenih Ustavom. To je deo osnovnih tekovina i vrednosti razvoja civilizacije i ljudskog društva koja traje više od dve hiljade godina. Zakonom o parničnom postupku Republike Srbije navedeni su razlozi protiv koje se može pobijati presuda doneta u prvom stepenu. Imajući u vidu da žalba ima suspenzivno dejstvo na donetu prvostepenu odluku, zakonodavac je predvideo široki spektar razloga zbog kojih se može takva odluka pobijati. Svi žalbeni razlozi su svrstani u tri grupe i odnose se na povredu odredaba parničnog postupka, utvrđeno činjenično stanje i primenu materijalnog prava. Kroz dosadašnju sudsku praksu, utvrđeni su i iskristalisani najvažniji kriterijumi i dileme, vezane za primenu ovog instituta procesnog prava kod nas.
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Regioni - ekonomske celine države Srbije
Статья научная
U ovom radu autor je analizirao sadržinu i značaj razvoja srpske lokalne samouprave u procesu evropske integracije kao sredstvo za ostvarivanje osnovnih ljudskih prava u Srbiji. Poseban značaj posvećen je komparativnoj analizi ustavnopravnih odredaba o lokalnoj samoupravi i u vezi sa lokalnom samoupravom u našem nacionalnom (članovi 1, 3, 4, 12, 18-81, 82-94, 176-193, 194-205. Ustav RS) i inostranim zapadno-evropskim ustavima (Nemačke, Francuske, Španije, Norveške i dr.). Iako je ustav konstitutivni pravni akt odredbe o lokalnoj samoupravi u srpskom Ustavu su deklarativnog karaktera (članovi 176-178, osim člana 192. Ustava RS), dok su odredbe o lokalnoj samoupravu u inostranim ustavima konstitutivnog karaktera. Takođe, pojedini međunarodno-pravni akti sadrže konstitutivne odredbe o sadržini i razvoju lokalne samouprave u državama EU (primera radi, Povelja Ujedinjenih nacija; Evropska povelja o lokalnoj samoupravi; Evropska povelja o regionalnoj autonomiji; Međunarodni pakt o građanskim i političkim pravima; Međunarodni pakt o ekonomskim, socijalnim i kulturnim pravima i drugi). Drugo osnovno pitanje koje direktno utiče na kvalitet sadržine i razvoja lokalne samouprave kod nas i u svetu je decentralizacija i regionalizacija. Proces decentralizacije se mora shvati kao kreativni proces, a ne kao sredstvo za ostvarenje političke ideologije pojedinih političkih stranaka. Upravo kao prevencija političke zloupotrebe, sadržina i proces decentralizacije (naročito fiskalne decentralizacije) moraju biti detaljno i sveobuhvatno regulisani zakonom i putem naučnih tribina, seminara i masmedija propagirni u Srbiji. Takva sadržina i proces decentralizacije u Srbiji trebaju biti osnovno sredstvo realizacije primarnih (ekonomskih, socijalnih i pravnih) ljudskih prava u zemlji Srbiji (primera radi, građani u lokalnoj samoupravi moraju organizovati na nivou lokalne samouprave kroz lokalne organe vlasti administriranje poreza i način raspolaganja poreskim sredstvima; ili inostrane investicije moraju biti osigurane i obezbeđene kroz razvijeni sistem zakonske i moralne odgovornosti građana i njihovih organa lokalne vlasti; ili sudski i drugi državni organi u lokalnoj samoupravi moraju biti kadrovski i profesionalno osposobljeni za obavljanje svojih profesionalnih funkcija na nivou lokalne vlasti; ili razvoj preduzetništva i malih preduzeća u skladu sa ekonomskim potrebama konkretne jedinice lokalne samouprave i drugo). Upravo ovakav kvalitet decentralizacije u Srbiji moraju inicirati i započeti Republički izvršni organi (Premijer i Vlada RS) svim lege artis raspoloživim sredstvima. Ovako ostvarena decentralizacija omogućiće regionalizaciju Srbije. Organizovanje regiona u Srbiji treba počivati na sličnostima u ekonomskim resursima pojedinih jedinica lokalne samouprave. Cilj regionalizma je postizanje ravnomernog razvoja svih delova teritorije države Srbije. Regioni trebaju da predstavljaju ekonomske uzajamno povezane celine unutar jedinstvenog državnog ekonomskog sistema Srbije. Zakonom o decentralizaciji i regionalizaciji moraju biti celovito i temeljno regulisana sva pitanja decentralizacije i regionalizacije u Srbiji, a osobeno zakonskopravna odgovornost srpske (republičke i lokalne) egzekutive za sprovođene navedenog kvaliteta decentralizacije i regionalizacije. Sadržina i procedura decentralizacije i regionalizacije u Srbiji zavisi od namera i idejnih planova njenih građana i njene izvršne vlasti. Decentralizacija i regionalizacija Srbije ne smeju biti sredstvo za separaciju i secesiju pojedinih delova teritorije Srbije.
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Relation between financial law and other grain rights
Статья научная
Financial law as a branch of law dealing with the investigation of legal norms that make the legal framework of a state. The aim of passing legislation is a very complex regulation of relations arising from the financial activities of political collectivity. From the financial rights as a broader notion of general-separated the two right fiscal and budget. Fiscal law for the subject of study includes part of the financial rights to apply the process of introduction, establishment and collection of public duties, while the budget law is a separate 'state accounting' discipline, the system of legal norms that regulate the management of state property, etc. Financial law is connected, and work closely with the administrative law, constitutional, international public and criminal law.
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Saobraćaj unutrašnjim vodenim putevima - potencijal za razvoj Srbije
Статья научная
Ovaj rad predstavlja pokušaj da se skrene pažnja na postojanje, ali neiskorišćenost značajnih potencijala Republike Srbije kada je u pitanju saobraćaj unutrašnjim vodenim putevima. S tim ciljem, nakon preciznog ukazivanja na suštinske pojmove i značaj saobraćajnog prava uopšte, detaljnije se obrazlaže koje su to prednosti saobraćaja unutrašnjim vodenim putevima i zašto on u savremenim uslovima predstavlja značajan činilac razvoja privrede. U centru interesovanja je trenutna situacija i postojeća pravna regulativa u Republici Srbiji u kojoj, godinama unazad, ili bolje reći decenijama, ne postoji ozbiljan napor da se nešto učini po pitanju iskorišćavanja rečnih plovnih puteva, kao najznačajnijeg segmenta saobraćaja unutrašnjim vodenim putevima. Svetlu tačku trenutno predstavlja Master plan za razvoj saobraćaja na Dunavu, sačinjen od strane Evropske agencije za rekonstrukciju, koji je već delimično sproveden. U drugom delu rada, naglasak je stavljen na pravno regulisanje plovidbe na Dunavu i Savi, uz kritički stav i o jednom i o drugom. Režim plovidbe Dunavom uređen je Konvencijom o režimu plovidbe na Dunavu koja je posle više od pola veka sasvim spremna za menjanje i prilagođavanje promenjenoj situaciji u savremenoj Evropi, dok je regulisanje plovidbe Savom tek u začetku, ali sa pozitivnim tendencijama. U završnoj misli, ukazuje se na još neke ideje o potencijalnim rečnim tokovima i daljem povezivanju postojećih, čija je realizacija, naročito u uslovima savremene privrede, neizbežna, nadamo se u skorijoj budućnosti.
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Статья научная
Čoveka i njegovu zajednicu od davnina su ugrožavale najrazličitije opasnosti preteći da ih unište, povrede, ugroze život, zdravlje ili imovinu, dovodeći u pitanje čak i njihov opstanak. Razni oblici zaštite koji su primenjivani morali su se neprekidno usavršavati budući da su nastajale i nove opasnosti, odnosno rizici. Sem potrebe za zaštitom sopstvenih dobara od prirodnih nepogoda ili od tuđih radnji, javljala se i potreba za zaštitom od posledica sopstvenog delovanja kojim se može naneti šteta tuđim ili i svojim dobrima. Početni oblici zaštite ljudima koje je pogodila nesreća (bolest ili smrt hranioca porodice, nastanak radne nesposobnosti, uništenje imovine posle požara i slično) bili su zajednički prilozi i pomoć zajednice - rodbine, sela ili plemena. U prvobitnoj društvenoj zajednici, kada nije bilo privatne svojine, taj problem nije mogao biti složen: uništena dobra je zajednica zamenjivala novostvorenim. U ovakvim, više ili manje slabo uređenim poduhvatima, mogu se pronaći izvesni tragovi savremenog osiguranja. Koren reči osiguranje predstavlja pridev siguran (italijanski sicuro, latinski securus). Pojedinac sopstvenim snagama nije mogao obezbediti ovakvu zaštitu. Stoga je vrlo rano u razvoju ljudskog društva iskrsla zamisao o ustrojenju neophodne zaštite preko mehanizma kojim će pojedinci, ugroženi istom opasnošću, svojim naturalnim ili, kasnije, novčanim doprinosima obezbediti naknadu onima koje opasnost pogodi.
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Significance and economic functions of securities
Статья научная
Globalization of markets and internationalization of trade significantly affect both the regional and national ways of doing business, economic trends, and economic balances, as well as the competitive positions on the world market of knowledge and capital. Securities have a great importance in business. Theory and practice agree that the issuance of securities represents a significant social and economic event, both locally and regionally, as well as globally. Bearing in mind the topic of the paper, in the subheadings there have been analyzed the basic issues related to securities – the concept and essential features of securities, the legal nature and types of securities, the creditworthiness of securities, the legal treatment of securities in Republic of Serbia, as well as the importance and economic function of securities.
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Sistem finansiranja lokalne samouprave u Republici Srbiji
Статья научная
U proteklom periodu (1994-2006. godine) u sistemu finansiranja lokalne samouprave u Srbiji dešavale su se brojne i značajne promene. Pri tome je zadržana zatečena teritorijalna organizacija, broj odnosno veličina jedinica lokalne samouprave. Srbija ima relativno mali broj jedinica lokalne samouprave, jer je ocenjeno da bi se usitnjavanjem lokalne samouprave smanjila njena ekonomska samostalnost, a time i njena autonomija i sposobnost za efikasno i racionalno pružanje usluga. Takođe, u posmatranom periodu nisu bitnije menjane nadležnosti lokalne samouprave. Počevši od 2007. godine, povećanje obima nadležnosti na osnovu sektorskih zakona, desiće se u oblasti zdravstvene zaštite i predškolskog obrazovanja. Promene u okviru fiskalne decentralizacije kretale su se, pre svega, u okviru vertikalne i horizontalne ujednačenosti sistema. U okviru vertikalne ujednačenosti sistema, realno su udvostručena raspoloživa sredstva lokalne samouprave, i to za postojeći obim nadležnosti. Ocena je da za postojeći obim nadležnosti, lokalna samouprava raspolaže sa dovoljnim sredstvima. Lokalna samouprava u Srbiji ostvaruje ne samo operativni već i ukupan budžetski suficit, mada je on, u dosadašnjem sistemu finansiranja, uglavnom bio skoncentrisan kod fiskalno najjačih lokalnih samouprava.
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Статья научная
Sve što se radi u poslovnom svetu radi se sa ciljem sticanja dobiti. Carinska unija je najbolji primer kojim se potvrđuje da privredni interesi često imaju presudan uticaj na politiku i na političke lidere. Sloboda prometa robe je osnovno obeležje EU i predstavlja jednu od glavnih razloga nastanka EU. Naravno sva ostala načela na kojima počiva EU su takođe od izuzetnog značaja. Carinska unija koja je osnovno obeležje EU, je od suštinskog značaja za funkcionisanje ovakve zajednice. Zajedničke carinske tarife i jedinstveni carinski prostor su elementi koji definišu EU kao organizaciju kakvu danas poznajemo.
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