Статьи журнала - Региональная экономика. Юг России
Все статьи: 784
Improvement of institutional provision of development and implementation of regional cluster policy
Статья научная
The author believes that from the point of view of the institutional approach the regional cluster policy is a significant factor of the overcoming of the effect of the “path dependence” in the cluster formation of the regional economy in the whole. The engendering and development of regional clusters depend on many factors which develop evolutionary including the maneuver contributing to the success of the cluster initiative. The article proves that the most typical challenges for the regions in the cluster creation process in the Russian Federation in the institutional sphere are: domination of a formal logic of the exogenous model in the regional clusters’ formation; disregard of the role of informal clusters and protocluster nets; poor consideration of the importance of intercluster interaction and external stakeholders; insufficient attention of cluster managers to the institutional development and marketing of the cluster identity. The author emphasizes that the transfer to a new model of regional cluster policy which is observed in the leading regions of the world is connected with the rejection of a mono industrial and a mono technological approach and is determined by a transfer to inter industrial cooperation of cluster participants, technological convergence principle (integration of various technological regions) and platform self organization (open multicultural interaction within a common subject of the cluster initiative)...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
What does the digitization capability of local governments mean? What does it mean for a municipality to actively use digitization tools? How does the digital space affect the quality of life of the population and the attractiveness of businesses? Our goal is to present the digital tools that can be used to improve the quality of life of people living in settlements. Digitization is reflected in the way citizens and industries do business, helping them to access municipal functions and interact with the municipality on a daily basis. In addition, digitalization makes the management and operation of a settlement more sustainable. Last but not least, digitalization can make the everyday lives of those who live in it more livable and enjoyable. Our method is literature review, source analysis, and knowledge of economic and social processes. During our research, we explore the opportunities offered by digitization through examples, which we combine with knowledge management tools. We present models and tools for what needs to be done to improve urban life to the increasing satisfaction of residents. According to our results, municipalities do not use the toolbox of digitalization in the field of online administration, automated process management and marketing tools. Digitalization also provides opportunities for environmental awareness, administration, and support for companies and smart cities.
Бесплатно
Index evaluation of informational sphere development in the Republic of Crimea
Статья научная
The article focuses on the approach to index evaluation methodology measuring informational sphere development of a federal entityof the Russian Federation using as the example the Republic of Crimea. The key stages of the suggested technique include the calculation of the scale of the differences as per the regional index of the informational sphere development in the selected microregions as well as the specificity of their development (central, southern, northern, western and eastern) microregions; classification of the microregions of the republic with regard to average regional development index of informational sphere. Thus, the microregions were classified into three basic types: areas with highly developed (central and eastern) information sphere; moderately developed (western and southern) areas; areas with poorly developed (northern) informational sphere. During the research it was revealed that the methodology of index evaluation of the information sphere development allows designing scenarios of digital economy and information sphere development while taking into consideration the changes in social and economic environment in the region. The advantages ofmethodology are as follows: 1) few statistical data and information accessibility; 2) simple calculations of average values of the indices and of the development index of regional informational sphere; 3) simplicity of result interpretation. The suggested classification can be recommended for the development of programs of digital economy and informational sphere development not onlyfor the Republic of Crimea, but also other federal entities of the Russian Federation for an efficient use of a set of key measures.
Бесплатно
Knowledge transfer for economic development: online farmer training in Vojvodina
Статья научная
During the five-year period of theVojvodina Economic Development Program implementation, €350 million has been invested in the target area. The aim of the present research is to review the process and achievements of farmer training and to introduce a model of successful knowledge transfer. The success of online farmer training was analyzed using statistical methods. Ageneral model introducing a concrete practice example was developed using structural analysis and modeling. As a result of the research, we point out that improving the level of knowledge of farmers through training is a key issue in the operation of successful integration systems, in the production of crops of the right qualityand quantity. Due to the fact that the design was made to be user-friendly, and requires a low-level technical equipment and IT skills, the knowledge base is equally accessible to farmers regardless of age, education and place of residence. The program expands the level of knowledge and digital competencies of the farmers, and provides useful information for further developments. The flowchart presented in the article is a suitable tool to increase the efficiencyof the training todayand can serve as a reference for other institutions engaged in similar activities.
Бесплатно
Leader program: development potential for rural life improvement
Статья научная
Without knowledge of the past, it is impossible to build the future, therefore, it is necessary to comprehend the processes that have already taken place, if only because it will allow us to learn lessons both from the mistakes made and from positive experiences. The development of the LEADER program, its current form, had several antecedents, it was practically the result of a complex development, so the LEADER programme has undergone a number of changes and we believe that these changes have had many benefits in terms of improving the living conditions of rural people, but that the system has yet to achieve real community-building effects. We have therefore compiled a selection of the most important events and developments in the LEADER programme, with the intention of highlighting the key achievements that have been made. We would like to take stock of the less successful activities and operational anomalies whose continuation does not help the already problem-free process of community building and rural development. In many cases, unfortunately, programmes have been implemented not to build community but to serve individual interests.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The paper, beyond a comprehensive geographical, social and economic introduction of the most populous country of Africa, attempts to provide an insight to those challenges and problems which Nigeria faces nowadays. Beyond the rapid growth of the population, another main factor is the exploitation and export of crude oil which has been providing Nigeria with “easy cash” for the recent few decades. Another point is that agricultural holdings are small and scattered, and farming is carried out with simple tools and techniques. Modern and large-scale farms are not common as well as the manufacturing industry is also lagging. The political leadership and the economic decision makers of the country have already recognized the necessity of re-structuring the economy, the development of the food and agricultural sector and the manufacturing industry. All these are of key importance in order to stop frictions and tensions among the various ethnic and religious groups of the Nigerians and further develop their peaceful and long-run co-existence in the country. The study also talks about the desired ways and those measures which the former or incumbent Nigerian leadership has already made in order to find appropriate answers to the challenges. A brief overview from theEuropean point of view makes the analysis, which was prepared on the basis of mainly secondary and partially primary research, complete.
Бесплатно
Regional differentiation of Russian insurance market and consumer trust
Статья научная
The results of the study conducted by the authors show a low level of insurance culture in Moscow, a high level of fraud by unscrupulous market participants, imposition of insurance products on customers, a low level of profitability on accumulative insurance and investment insurance programs, which leads to a low level of consumer trust in insurance products. These problems mentioned above allow us to talk about negative image of insurance companies and high reputational risks. At the same time, existing studies prove a stable relationship between reputation and image management and gaining client’s trust, which as a result, affects the profitability of insurers. Regional features cause significant differences in the degree of development of insurance market in the Russian Federation. In this regard, it seems relevant to develop a comprehensive indicator that could characterize dynamics of shaping a positive image of the insurance industry, as well as its comparative intercountry and interregional position. The authors propose a methodology for the calculation of the index aimed at image assessment of the insurance industry, which takes into account dynamics of voluntary insurance market, competition, market concentration, consumer loyalty index, as well as level of digitalization of the insurance market in the region. The results of the assessment of insurance market index of the Russian Federation for 2020 made it possible to conclude that image of the insurance industry in the eyes of consumers is not high. Gradual development of positive image of insurance market is possible through focused campaigns aimed at youth, stimulation of the use of digital channels and services, financial literacy improvement and financial culture development.
Бесплатно
Regional distribution of adult education in Hungary (2010, 2019)
Статья научная
This article presents the results of a study related to the regional distribution of participants in adult education programs in Hungary. Adult education is one of the cornerstones of lifelong learning supported by the European Union. The author performed a secondary database analysis from the OSAP 1665 (National Statistical Data Collection Program on Adult Education) database operated by the Pest County Government Office. To answer the main research questions, the author used the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, Local Moran I Autocorrelation and Hot Spot analysis methods used in regional statistics. Access to education in rural areas is one of the components of reducing unfavorable demographic changes and emigration caused by unemployment. The purpose of the study is to draw attention to the lack of access to education for people living in rural areas and to the fact that education is the first step in keeping the rural population in place. During the study period (2010 and 2019), training centers covered more than 50 percent of the country’s municipalities. Training centers are located along the main roads of the country. A study of the service areas of the district centers revealed which districts lacked such centers. With the help of the research methods, the author obtained data indicating that the training achievements of rural areas are weak, and this may lead to their further backlog. In the southern part of Western Hungary, due to the peculiarities of the economic and settlement structure, area with no training centers was formed. Over time, the problems will also appear in other social and economic indicators, which may require the organization of major catch-up programs
Бесплатно
Reindustrial transfromation of the economic complex of an old industrial region
Статья научная
The fragmentary regional policy that was led in Russia in the 1990s of the XXth century had as its negative consequence the concentration of the main investment resources of the state by old industrial city forming industries. This fact later predetermined a contradictive structure of the industrial demand in the economy that constrained the innovative development of such regions. This fact “anchored” their technological underdevelopment. The author showed different approaches to the classification of old industrial regions of Russia. Their endogenous unevenness is prved. The common and specific features and attributes of these territories determined by the spatial localization are studied. The article underlines that the regional authorities of old industrial regions have as an economic basis an obsolete industry without offering other working places for people employed in it. The government very often has to postulate and implement its own quasi public industrial policy...
Бесплатно
Role of the retail sector in Taiwanese economy
Статья научная
The government-guided establishment and incubation of the retail sector in Taiwan has achieved striking success and generated high consumption. This success was even more striking because when the increase of consumption began, the country had not enough retail shopping centers and it was to accept some foreign retail investments. Originally there were no Taiwanese retail firms with deep technological roots and managerial skills. Yet government decision-makers recognized the challenges of upgrading the nation’s economy basing and formulating a strategy that entailed the creation of high-level economic growth which serve as vehicles to stimulate the consumption. Beyond a comprehensive review on Taiwan’s retail sector, the main objective is to analyse the role and the influence of the sector in the Taiwanese macro- economy. The first issue is getting a picture in Asia (special in Asia - Pacific region) of retail trends. To examine this issue, the authors have done some comparisons between Asia and Europe and apart from the obvious similarities, number of significant differences have been found. The research objective is to provide an effective introduction to the business context of consumption in Taiwan.
Бесплатно
Spatial research of the labour reserve in the winery center of the Danube wine region (2014-2019)
Статья научная
In Hungary, the positive impact of the wine sector on rural areas has encouraged Hungarian and EU policy makers to provide significant development support to wineries. One of the main objectives of the support was to increase employment in rural areas. In the period 2014-2019, nearly €60 million was awarded to support the development of wine businesses in Hungary. The aim of our research is to examine how labour supply in the Danube wine region, Hungary’s largest wine region, has changed over the period covered by the wine sector development aid. We analysed the spatial distribution and concentration of several groups of potential labour supply in the study area. The Dual-index and the Hoover-index were used to measure spatial disparities. To measure the spatial concentration of jobseekers, we calculated the location quotient and then examined the spatial pattern of the resulting municipality-level concentration values using the Local Moran I statistic, a local test function of spatial autocorrelation. As a result of our research, we identified the spatial specificities of the potential labour pool available in the study area. The results are useful for business decision-makers planning to expand or reorganise their human resources. In addition, knowledge of the characteristics of the available potential workforce will support the definition of future development directions, in particular with regard to human resource expansion.
Бесплатно
Specificity of socio-economic processes in the Hungarian microregion
Статья научная
The Kunhegyesi District is the most disadvantaged district in the Northern Great Plain Region of Hungary. The aim of this study, which serves as a basis for a social comparative analysis of the District’s settlements in the future, is to understand the demographic processes. Population in the District has been steadily decreasing since 2011 besides lower income levels, poorer health indicators and a higher proportion of premature mortality. Two out of three children are disadvantaged, while the vast majorityof young people drops out of secondaryschool without any qualification. The higher-than-average proportion of Roma population alone does not explain worsening economic output, economic performance has nothing to do with ethnic origin. Reasons are rather to be found in the deterioration of social mobility of the past two decades. Similarly to areas with a higher proportion of Roma population, the District also undergoes an exodus of non- Roma, resulting in ghettoization, thereby further diminishing chances of social mobility. Thanks to social inclusion and recovery programs, as well as the commitment of local Roma stakeholders, promising changes are coming true with an increase in qualification and employment levels and a decrease in the number of disadvantaged children, question is whether development is sustainable in the long run, and also, whether the District has a potential to independently self- sustain social development.
Бесплатно
Strategic importance and prospects of development institutes in the Russian economy
Статья научная
The article studies the modern directions and the approaches in the analysis of the development institutes. The importance of the specification of the role of the development institutes and the growth of their efficiency is determined by new strategic priorities of social, economic and regional development in the Russian economy. The assessment of the functions and the activity of the existing development institutes is expected to be carried out from the point of view of spatial development, social and economic leveling, decentralization of management. In the paper the notion of the development institutes in the context of contemporary research is specified. Their strategic importance in the economic, industrial and regional development is emphasized. Within the goal of research the main problems of the functioning development institutes the directions of their modernization and improvement are defined. The measures and mechanisms of regional policy implementation on the basis of the development institutes activity in the Russian agriculture are analyzed...
Бесплатно
The environmental "cost" of doing business in the Southern federal district
Статья научная
The article explores the issues of heterogeneity of economic development of subjects (regions) of the Southern Federal District, analyzes the impact of the economic activity on main indicators of pollution, which largely determine the quality of the natural environment. Authors show an assessment of air quality, recorded discharges of legal entities by contaminated wastewater, examines trends in waste formation and consumption in the subjects of the Southern Federal District, most of which belong to the type of old industrial regions. The authors believe that the sustainable development of the mixed economy of Southern Russia needs measures of systemic nature, aimed at the rational use of resources in the process of managing and preserving the environment that requires correction of the district and regional strategies and programs for socio-economic development. That is now the priority of the strategic territorial management, which involves the modernization of the economic complex of the Southern Federal District, taking into account the environmental imperative. The necessity of a transformation of Federal Districts into territorial centers for economic development, characterized by the economic space of a higher quality is becoming increasingly evident.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The fact according to which the small open market economics with developed public administration are capable of rapid growth has proved to be true in the third millennium, as well. It especially holds true for Singapore, Finland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland and Denmark which also have a prestigious position in the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) of the World Economic Forum (WEF).The countries of Central and Central East Europe more or less similar to them could be characterised by an improving economic position following their change of the regime and a painful transitory period. This process was closely linked to the integration process of the Central European countries to the EU. At that point the international analyses examining the development of the countries in transition judged Hungary’s competitiveness situation to be the best (ranking 27th place due to the radical economic reforms carried out previously according to the analysts)...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Reindustrialisation and the European Industrial Renaissance are strategic priorities of the current EU programming period (2014-2020). In parallel with the declining significance of national economies, meso (local) level is becoming more and more powerful. Key actors of reindustrialisation are transnational companies (TNCs) and their locations, the specific settlements. Transnational companies are influential allies of local and regional communities from several aspects, such as society, economy, science, governance, natural and built environment. The scientific approach is based on the basic concepts of evolutionary economic geography and recent innovation models. Research papers generally focus on one or two aspects of embeddedness, for example innovation, social or institutional embeddedness. The current paper examines embeddedness from a complex, multidimensional perspective that has not yet been applied in this context. It presents a new model of the embedment process and a framework of corporate embeddedness based on case studies...
Бесплатно
The impact of tourism development policy on the regions of Hungary
Статья научная
The aim of this paper is to give an overview on the development of tourism development policies in Hungary, over the past two decades. The topic is considered really important, since the paper proves that tourism in Hungary - at policy level - has not received enough focus so far. It has been the part of various economic and social development strategies, but there is not even specific legislation for the sector. In the paper, the evolution of tourism policies is detailed, proving that even policy-makers do not consider it as an individual sector of the economy. Nowadays, when rural areas intend to identify their specific development goals and try to define their own strategies, tourism is preferred in many cases as a possible way to get out of the lagging behind status. However, tourism - as a type of industry - requires well-established economic background and qualified human resource, in addition to the touristic attractions. Therefore, tourism might not be the way to success in many rural regions which do not possess the required resources.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The life and functioning of cities are fundamentally influenced by the complexity and quality of the transport system available to meet mobility needs. In the context of the development of urban areas, the expected environmental impacts, such as emissions, space utilization and noise pollution, are important considerations for decision-makers because different modes of transport have different characteristics. Strengthening the role of public transport is a key tool for sustainable urban development. It is important for local and central government to know what is the most effective way to increase passenger numbers and how to improve the satisfaction of public transport users. Defining intervention priorities is an important issue due to resource constraints, so it is necessary to explore which improvement in factors has a more intense impact on user satisfaction and which factors are less important (classification of strengths and weaknesses in terms of customer satisfaction). One way to do this may be to rank the different quality characteristics that are part of the overall evaluation. The following study provides an example of a weighted ranking method for different quality performance indicators.
Бесплатно
The role of international organizations in the reconstruction of countries affected by war
Статья научная
There is no doubt that post-conflict situations call for physical reconstruction. However, a well-developed civil society along with independent media, reliable police and judiciary are equally essential to physical reconstruction for obtaining sustainable economic growth and stability. Reconstruction in post-conflict situations must go beyond the technical aspects of reconstructing infrastructure and services. It also, essentially, should include a human factor contributing to the reintegration of people into civil society. The role of international NGOs will be accomplished when the governmental structures supported by civil society are completely able to take over their tasks with credibility (e.g. political and economic willingness, impartiality and accountability) and feasibility (specific capabilities and professionalism). The aim of the paper is to show the role of international organisations in the reconstruction process of the countries affected by war. In the summary the authors conclude that the role of international organisations acting as a ‘puzzle’ and having a certain piece of the picture could rather lead to devastation and not to reconstruction.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The main objective of this paper is to give an overview on the trade agreements which are concluded by developing countries and to examine their contribution to the development of the economy and society. There are a number of such agreements, but it should be seen how much they really function and serve the quality of life of people as well as food security and safety. The aim of such agreements should consider the resources and needs of the parties for mutual benefits. There have been various initiatives in the countries of Africa especially to focus on and develop the agricultural sector, which has employed millions of people and has had significant role in keeping the population in the rural areas. However, regarding the bilateral or multilateral agreements, we should see that less progress has been achieved than expected. In this study the authors analyzed the situation in Africa, with special focus on Nigeria, to summarize the achievements and to list up some recommendations on future measures.
Бесплатно
