Статьи журнала - Science for Education Today
Все статьи: 950
The new position of foreign language as education for global citizenship
Статья научная
The article presents the observation of modern directions in research devoted to the problem of changes of the goals in language education, oriented on preparation for effective intercultural and multicultural communication. The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of the process of globalization on the goals of teaching foreign languages, to describe the ideas of a new approach to the system of foreign language teaching aimed at developing a new type of competence - multicultural and to present its practical results. The authors point out that multicultural competence is characterized here as a new perspective in the theory of linguistic education which is based on cognitive linguistics and focused on the fact that teaching foreign languages is not only a language code acquisition. An important component of teaching is a conceptual world picture of native speakers belonging to different cultures. Two aspects are underlined in the article: 1) the growth of the role of foreign language teaching as education for citizenship [4], 2) confirmation of the new position of foreign language teaching as education for global citizenship. The most important part of the authors’ methodology is an interdisciplinary and integrating approach which includes the theoretical course “Intercultural and multicultural communication” + the theoretical course “Cultural aspects of interpretation” + the practical course “Foreign language (English)”. The results proved the idea that the development of multicultural competence provides the formation of necessary knowledge and skills helping students to become global citizens.
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The point of ethics and language in the media -utopian hope or real reality?
Статья научная
Introduction. In this paper, the authors attempt to deal with the ethics and linguistic creativity of communication typical for the new media, through the media as the makers of our reality. Materials and Methods. The authors discuss the ethical approach to the language influenced by the media analyzing available books and papers indexed in online databases. The materials are supported by personal experience of working at a tertiary institution whose departments relate to the media science. Results. The appearance of the Internet, social networks and smartphones has led to a revolution regarding the way people communicate and to changes in society and the very language. It is known that in the time following the discovery of a telephone, letters were silenced in almost all the spheres of private life. Spoken form replaced the written form. Today, the written form of Web 2.0 prevails. However, this form of writing is extremely creative being full of emoticons, acronyms, sounds imitations, and other elements of casual style. Those who have not yet written a letter write e-mails or text messages today. Conclusion. Consequently, linguistic creativity emerging in new forms of communication and in the new media has increased due to the reduced (linguistic) normativity.
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Статья научная
Introduction. The article addresses the problem of expanding the potential vocabulary of cadets of maritime educational institutions in the process of listening comprehension determined by the need to develop strategies for independent vocabulary acquisition necessary for autonomous learning of maritime English. The purpose of this article is to justify the application of corpus technologies for the selection of vocabulary items, which will allow students to master the strategies required to expand vocabulary in the process of autonomous listening, and increase the efficiency of learning and teaching maritime English. Materials and Methods. The study follows the two-level Maritime English learning model incorporating General Maritime English and Specialized Maritime English. The first component focuses on the linguistic content embedded in the generalized maritime context and prioritizes the lexical and cognitive approaches highlighting the necessity of their integration and emphasizing corpus tools the application of which is helpful in topic-related vocabulary selection through instructional, linguistic and statistic principles on the basis of authentic texts. Results. The article describes the preliminary stage of potential vocabulary acquisition by junior cadets through listening comprehension and proposes the procedure of text selection for context-specific raw corpus design and thematic word list generation. Through the computer processing of the wordlist and the analysis of the concordance lines, the independent vocabulary learning strategies were identified and ranked. The conclusion was drawn about the correlations between the basic word learning potential and the number of independent word learning strategies applied. Conclusions. The findings of the research add to the understanding of the potential of corpusbased technologies for the topical vocabulary selection and analysis in order to develop cadets’ independent word learning strategies that are significant for potential vocabulary acquisition through listening comprehension. The results achieved suggest that the word lists generated from the subject corpus should be integrated into the basic vocabulary of General Maritime English, which should be mastered under the teacher’s guidance.
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The role of international comparative studies in the development of the Kazakhstan education system
Статья научная
Kazakhstan's education system, like many other countries in recent years takes part in international comparative studies. As it is known, to improve the quality of education it is necessary to carry out continuous monitoring of the status and trends of its development, objective and adequate assessment of educational achievements of students. Especially it is important at the secondary level, laying the foundation for their further personal development and civic formation. Kazakhstan participation in the PISA study, TIMSS, PIRLS is dictated by a number of factors that lead to the need for reform the control and the evaluation of the education system: the integration of Kazakhstan education system into the world educational space, the implementation in Kazakhstan principles of the Bologna process, the need to introduce international quality standards of education and control of the results, changes in the content of education, the construction of the Kazakhstan education quality assessment system. The results of these studies indicate a slow and zigzag advancement of Kazakhstan's education to improve the quality of teaching functional literacy of students. In this article we try to find out some of the reasons that the results obtained are still below the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) average. In this regard, among the many factors of success/ failure of Kazakh students in solving problems of TIMSS (Trends in Mathematics and Science and Study) and PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), we have identified the nature of study materials that tend to systematically set out in textbooks. Based on this, we analyzed the content of a number of textbooks in mathematics, chemistry and biology for the presence of these tasks, aimed at forming functional literacy of students. We believe that in the mathematical and natural scientific competences of students the functional literacy in a dominant position. This starting position for our study is connected with the fact that over the years, Kazakhstan is focused on the transition from knowledge-centered education to competency paradigm of learning. This allows more clearly define the goals of modern education policy, commensurate rate of educational progress in the world and in their own country, to track changes in the level of students' literacy in Kazakhstan over time to evaluate the factors that influence the results and the effectiveness of training and help in formulating recommendations and strategies to reform the education system in Kazakhstan.
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The role of personality resourcesin cultivatingself-efficacy in ukrainian students
Статья научная
The present article studies personality positive traits which are considered as Ukrainian youth’s personality resources that provide their self-efficacy. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the principles of positive psychology (R. Baer, M. Seligman, C. Peterson, C. Ryff, E. L. Nosenko) and the theory of self-efficacy (A. Bandura). The research was realized on the selection of the first year students aged 17-19. Two aspects of self-efficacy were analyzed: personal and interpersonal (psychological well-being) and social and professional (academic performance). The indices of Ukrainian youth’s self-efficacy demonstrate certain deficiency in both the sphere of psychological well-being and the sphere of social and professional realization. The research clarifies that psychological well-being and academic performance rely on different personal resources which provide their functioning. Personal resources to ensure self-efficacy in the subjective (mental) well-being of a high level of skills and personality traits that go beyond self-interest and contain a balance between self-worth, the ability to be themselves (courage) and the value of the partnership (humanity) and the world at large (transcendence). Personal resources to ensure self-efficacy in social and professional development is a subjective internal locus of control and development of the sphere of interpersonal self-regulation. The authors define the structure of Ukrainian youth’s self-efficacy which includes three components: “Personal growth”, that combines features of mature personality which are the basis for the attainment of integrity and meaningfulness of life, that is psychological well-being; "Interpersonal self-regulation", which brings together focus on interpersonal interaction and the ability to self-regulation; "Personal responsibility", which indicates that the efficiency of the individual in the social and professional field implementation is possible under the condition of development of internal locus of control and self-regulation areas.
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Статья научная
Introduction. The article focuses on theoretical and practical aspects of academic writer identity. The theoretical aspect comprises the analysis of the Anglo-American bulk of research devoted to the problem of writer identity in the academic written discourse. The purpose of the article is to define the structure of writer identity, its voice and stance. The practical objective of the study is to investigate the identity of novice academic writers represented in their language choices as well as to describe the mechanism of such choices. In order to accomplish the purpose of the research, three types of writer positioning are distinguished: ideational, interpersonal, and textual. Materials and Methods. The theoretical analysis is based on the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) approach and Rhetorical Genre Studies as well as recent developments of ESP. The analysis of empirical data has been conducted using the methods of discourse analysis as well as qualitative and quantitative methods of data processing. The study reveals the voice and stance represented by lexico-grammatical means of the English academic written discourse. The conducted experiment introduces the context of ESP and models the situation of the implementation of the genre approach in the Academic Writing course in the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, which is one of the leading technical universities in Russia. The research materials include texts of academic book reviews written in English by Russian undergraduates. Results. The study has revealed the social nature of writer identity determined by the genre hybridity of a book review. It is shown that identification and positioning are in direсt connection with the source text; thus, while choosing a textbook or a general science book, the writer identity is getting to be collective or professional. Depending on the functional style of the source text, the rhetorical markers are changing as well. Thus, while choosing a textbook, students are writing for the teacher and addresses the student audience; at the same time in case of the general science text, the student rises to the level of an expert and addresses the scientific community. The popular science text helps work out the individual voice while the author’s style is changing toward the creative one and the dialogue between the writer and the reader is taking an intimate coloring. Subjectivity markers (adjectives with the negative value, boosters) are getting to be typical for the Russian linguistic and academic culture. Conclusions. The article concludes that constructing the socially-predetermined writer identity is an essential skill for students and academics. The writer identity is fluid and changeable depending on the social context - academic discourse and genre characteristics. The genre of a book review that combines objectivity and subjectivity gives an opportunity to construct writer identity according to the choice of the source text. The writer identity is culturally-predetermined and connected with the standards of Russian linguistic culture, academic rules and traditions of teaching English as a foreign language in Russia.
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Статья научная
Introduction. This current survey attempts to explore university teachers and students’ perception of using social media to promote an authentic learning environment. Materials and Methods. To this end, 249 university teachers and 329 students participated in the survey where they were asked to compete of 27 items of A Social Media Authentic Learning Environment Inventory (SOMALEVI). Statistical Rasch analyses using Winstep software were performed to evaluate both teachers and students’ responses. Results. Findings of the study showed that participants spent most of their time daily on WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, respectively with most access was made from their mobile phones. Most of the participant showed positive views about the use of social media to promote authentic learning environment (Nteachers = 247, 99 %; Nstudents = 309, 93.9 %) while the rests showed their negative perception. The majority of those who perceive positive are female (64.53 %) aged range 21-30 years (32.18 %). Findings also indicate that social media provided opportunities for students to share their experiences and learning activities (MR1, LVI = -0.97), to offer students the opportunity to learn from experts (EP1, LVI = -0.82) so that they were able to obtain a lot of insight on particular issues (EP3, LVI = -0.70). It is interesting, but not surprising that both teachers and students found that social media benefited them with learning resources such as video, demonstration, learning files, allowing students to comprehend the learning materials (EP2, LVI = -0.85). However, the study identified some critical issues regarding the use of social media for authentic learning environment, such as unsuitable real-life representation, difficulty to collaborate with others, and difficulty in recognizing their learning potential. Conclusions. Social media is an alternative mobile technology that facilitate teachers and students with the creation of an authentic learning environment.
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Thoughts about an ethical management of penal institutions
Статья научная
Both, the German Prison Act and the Youth Courts Law empower a life in freedom without committing offence as well as social responsibility. In particular the employees of the General Penal Service accompanying the detainees in their everyday life are granted an essential pedagogical role with regard to the basic forms of educational activities and the perpetual life-long development of each human. Being officials, they are required to represent the basic values of democracy and human rights. In many cases the employees´ occupational choice cannot be attributed to a pedagogical motivation as it runs the risk of pedagogy and encouragement fading into the background. This is why the prison practice has to be enriched with professional ethics.
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Статья научная
Introduction. This article presents an analysis of a number of academic researches (in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the world) on the future prospects of the higher education system of post-digital university. The article aim is to determine the philosophical aspects of the ongoing changes based on a review of current research on the problem.
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Trends of Japanese heraldry studies within western historiography
Статья научная
Study of Japanese heraldry in Western historiography started relatively late, but can be highly appreciated as rich materials of the Medieval history of Japan. Development of Western heraldic historiography can be divided into the following stages: 1. The end of XIX cent. - 80 years XX cent. The trend of comparative study prevailed in the field of Japanese research of heraldry. Western historians applied terms, definitions and concepts accepted in European heraldry to the Japanese coat-of-arms. This method was not successful as Japanese heraldry was found to include many aspects which were not presented as part of the European culture. 2. 80 years XX cent. - present day. The comparative method of research has been widely used within heraldic science for a long time, but towards the end of the 20th century some European specialists argued that it had been unproductive to compare the systems, which initially never had the same origins or sources. Other researchers admitted, that it is possible to compare separate heraldic systems such as European and Japanese, similarly to how linguistics allow for comparison of languages from different language families. Currently, the European heraldic science shares two different approaches. On the one hand those who insists that it is absolutely necessary to study Japanese heraldry as original tradition use Japanese terms. On the other hand their opponents, insist on comparative style and deem usage of European terms internationally to be correct. The problem of efficiency within the methodological framework of the European historiography of the history of Japanese heraldry still attracts active discussions to date. Within context of the fact that other countries such as China and Korea currently show no traces of the existence of heraldry, the issue of admissibility of the comparative analysis of the two heraldic systems is highly relevant - and not only for Europe but for the world as a whole.
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Unemployment of the youth and their perspectives
Статья научная
This article focuses on youth unemployment and how entrepreneurialism may represent a viable alternative to traditional job seeking. It is our belief that the youth of today are capable of starting new enterprises which, over the long-term, can lead to viable and profitable businesses. The article looks at the situation of the youth population with regard to employment and unemployment, addresses the possible motivations behind entrepreneurialism, and discusses the expected problems connected with start-ups. The analyses are conducted at two levels. The first is at the European and national levels where data from European Union respondents is compared to that of the respondents from the Czech Republic. The second is at the national and regional levels where data from the Czech Republic is compared to that of the respondents from Masaryk University. The aim is to isolate the potential motivations and barriers surrounding the establishment of new enterprises at each level and to determine if entrepreneurialism could be an attractive alternative to traditional job seeking within youth populations at the European, national and regional levels.
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Using interactive e-based flipped learning to enhance EFL literature students' critical reading
Статья научная
Introduction. The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of interactive e-based flipped approach on fostering students' critical reading and problem-solving skills. Materials and Methods. An analysis was carried out on the effect of a flipped learning approach to examine the changes in students' critical reading ability and their perception towards it. A quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design was used with 34 students attending a four-credit course of reading comprehension meeting for 4 hours per week for 14 weeks. Their responses when they were required to criticize a text beyond the setting of the classroom instruction, in a form of independent e-based reading activity was explored. Students' responses were based on meaning negotiation and interaction through social networks. A critical reading test was selected from the SAT website based on students' proficiency level which was identified through an OPT test at the beginning of the study. This test was used to investigate the changes, if any, occurring in students' critical reading ability as a result of engaging in interactive e-based flipped learning model of learning. Additionally, negotiated interview was used to explore students' perceptions toward this model of flipped learning. Results. Flipped learning has emerged as a unique approach which reverses the traditional in-class lecturing and the role of homework and classroom activities. Using Wen's Output-driven/Input-enabled instructional model which is well embodied in flipped learning, the present study attempted to assist learners to develop their critical thinking skills through their engagement in interactive e-based activities. To this end, a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used to investigate EFL literature students' critical reading skills. From 34 students attending a reading course at the University of Mazandaran, 17 students were randomly assigned to the flipped learning approach and were engaged in extensive online written and verbal communication for developing their higher-level reading skills. The rest were involved in traditional extensive reading assignments. Results indicated that students in the e-based flipped learning outperformed their traditional approach counterparts in the critical reading test. A qualitative analysis of students' perceptions revealed that these students participated actively outside the classroom in meaningful and collaborative written and oral activities via online networks which contributed to the development of their critical reading. Conclusions. The results showed some distinct benefits for EFL language instruction especially in the development of problem-solving skills and autonomy, which are important traits for surviving in this fast-pacing world.
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Values in foundation of modern globalizing society: Change study
Статья научная
Introduction. The modern era is experiencing a prolonged pandemic, migration issues, conflicts, and other global catastrophes. Many researchers see the cause of these problems in the crisis of traditional values, which is becoming increasingly apparent today. Values and value orientations are an integral part of human life and culture. They determine life goals, as well as ways and means of achieving them. Global catastrophes and continuous social changes lead to the transformation of the value system, which is reflected in scholarly literature, as researchers primarily react to particularly acute and relevant problems of modern times. The main goal of this study is to reveal values which constitute the foundations of modern globalizing society and to describe their recent transformations. Materials and Methods. In this regard, an analysis of scholarly literature devoted to the issues of values was conducted. The universal classification of values proposed by S. Schwartz was used as the basis for the analysis. The main methodology was content analysis of scholarly literature for the prevalence and occurrence of the main types of values in scientific works in theWeb of Science database from 2017 to 2022. Results. Research findings include the following: 1) the prevalence and use of all types of values has been increasing for the period; 2) the dominance of individualistic egoistic values over public collective values; 3) the most common categories of values are: independence, health, success, responsibility, and capability. The least common values are: open-mindedness, common preferences, self-indulgence, respect for elders, mature love, and true friendship; 4) in recent years despite social upheavals, the main values of society have not changed. Thus, it can be concluded that spiritual values do not generate as much scientific interest as material values. Although the pandemic was able to make people reflect on the moral foundations of their life, it did not significantly affect the re-evaluation of modern values. However, the researchers emphasize that within a decaying culture, some precursors of the emerging (post-technocratic) culture are developing. According to them, the new worldview will be built on overcoming anthropocentric attitudes. Conclusions. This study will complement the understanding of the transformation of modern values under the influence of the pandemic, globalization, crises, and other factors. Its results will be useful to educators in higher education institutions, education philosophers, and anyone interested in higher education problems.
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«В отравном зелье ипотек!»: история слова «ипотека» в русском языке
Статья научная
В статье рассматривается история заимствования слова ипотека, его судьба в русском языке. Пришедшее из греческого языка, слово ипотека стоит в ряду заимствований с элементом …тека: винотека, видеотека, картотека, фильмотека дактилотека и под. Появившись в русском языке, по-видимому, в XVIII веке в значении 1. Залог недвижимого имущества для получения ссуды. 2. Денежная ссуда, выдаваемая под залог недвижимого имущества, слово ипотека в поэтическом тексте (оде советского поэта Марка Тарловского) выступает в неожиданном контексте, требующем дополнительного обращения к языку-источнику. Такой анализ позволил предположить возникновение уже в греческом языке многозначности, явившейся следствием развития значения исходного глагола, от которого было образовано слово ипотека. В заключение делается вывод, что, будучи в греческом языке многозначным, слово ипотека и в русском языке реализует как прямое, так и переносное значение, о чем свидетельствует авторское употребление в поэтическом тексте.
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«Константы» и «переменные» цифрового образования
Статья научная
Проблема и цель. В статье исследуется проблема информатизации глобализирующегося социума. Цель исследования - обобщение представлений о «константах» и «переменных» современного университетского образования как самоорганизующейся системы, активно включающейся в процессы цифровизации. Методология. Для достижения цели выполнен тематический обзор отечественных и зарубежных исследований по вопросам информатизации глобализирующегося социума. Исследование предполагало сопоставление альтернативных точек зрения, получивших отражение в работах B. Readings, P. Cramer и других авторов. Проведена аналитика существующих теорий информационного общества.
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Статья научная
В статье исследуются активные процессы в семантике слова трудоголик, происходящие в современном русском языке. Обосновывается мысль о том, что изменения в лексическом значении фиксируют принципиально новые черты русской ментальности, которые формируются под влиянием культурных стереотипов западного мира. На основе изучения текстов СМИ установлено, что слово трудоголик расширяет свою семантику, появляются новые смысловые компоненты, не отраженные в толковых словарях. Особое внимание уделяется влиянию контекстного окружения на формирование позитивной коннотации в слове. Делается вывод о смысловом сближении с семантическими полями «успех», «карьера», что позволяет говорить о доминировании в современном обществе ценностей личного порядка, среди которых значительное место занимает материально обеспеченная жизнь. Автор прослеживает формирование новых стереотипов, выявляя и описывая специфику языковой репрезентации отношения русских людей к напряженной, интенсивной работе с полной самоотдачей, максимальным приложением своих усилий. Для достижения этой цели в статье обобщаются результаты исследования разных типов текстов: пословицы, диалектные высказывания, советский политический дискурс.
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«Путь» и «дорога» в русской культуре и сибирском тексте Г. Д. Гребенщикова
Статья научная
В статье автор обращается к анализу культурной универсалии «путь» и ее репрезентации в русской культуре в концептах «путь» и «дорога». Делается попытка показать, что это действительно универсалия культуры, имеющая ключевое значение для выживания человека как существа культурного, нравственного и духовного. Обширный материал художественных текстов Г. Д. Гребенщикова, сибирского писателя, культурного деятеля с мировой известностью перелома XIX–XX вв., позволяет автору сделать теоретические выводы, полезные как для теории культуры, так и для лингвокультурологии. В сибирском тексте культурная универсалия «путь» представлена как два вектора. Горизонтальный вектор воплощает исторические пути русского народа на Восток и Запад по освоению природных и культурных пространств. Вертикальный вектор обозначает пути человеческого духа, его самосовершенствование.
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«Четверть века мы поём!» (из опыта развития детской хоровой музыкальной школы города Новосибирска)
Статья научная
В статье обобщен опыт 25-летнего становления и развития муниципального бюджетного образовательного учреждения дополнительного образования детей города Новосибирска «Хоровая детская музыкальная школа № 19». Основа художественного развития школы - сохранение традиций русской музыкальной культуры - хоровое и сольное музицирование. Как единственная в городе детская хоровая школа заявлена в книге «Рекорды и достижения города Новосибирска». За четверть века развития в школе открылись новые направления: народное хоровое пение, эстрадное сольное пение; появилось пять образовательных программ, которые отражают пять направлений деятельности (академическое хоровое пение, народное хоровое пение, эстрадное сольное пение, хоровое пение - начальный этап, хоровое пение для детей дошкольного возраста).
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Статья научная
Проблема и цель. В контексте ориентированной на здоровьесбережение системы высшего медицинского образования возрастает потребность в разработке методологических оснований для внедрения новых технологий повышения квалификации преподавателей медицинских вузов, способствующих укреплению здоровья педагогов. Цель статьи - исследовать возможности автономно ориентированного подхода как методологического основания для организации здоровьесберегающего типа повышения квалификации преподавателей медицинского вуза. Методология. В статье проведен анализ отечественной и зарубежной психолого-педагогической литературы в области организации здоровьесберегающего типа обучения педагогов в системе дополнительного профессионального образования. Исследованы основные положения теории самодетерминации Р. Райана и Э. Деси, а также понятия автономности личности и автономной мотивации. В рамках теории самодетерминации в качестве методологической основы для построения здоровьесберегающей системы повышения квалификации предложен автономно ориентированный подход, который выдвигает на первый план автономную мотивацию преподавателей, их личную включенность в процесс повышения квалификации и личную ответственность за его результаты. Результаты. Выделены внешние и внутренние условия, способствующие успешному внедрению здоровьесберегающего типа повышения квалификации преподавателей медицинского вуза. Целесообразность применения автономно ориентированного подхода в качестве методологического основания для разработки и внедрения здоровьесберегающих программ повышения квалификации преподавателей вузов обоснована теоретически и продемонстрирована на примере системы личностно-профессионального развития преподавателя, реализуемой в Красноярском государственном медицинском университете имени профессора В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого. Заключение. Делается вывод, что применение автономно ориентированного подхода в повышении квалификации преподавателей медицинского вуза способствует сохранению эмоционального здоровья педагогов, обеспечивая переход от спорадического внешне организуемого повышения квалификации к самодетерминируемому непрерывному личностно-профессиональному развитию педагогов в контексте культуры здорового образа жизни.
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Агентивный инфинитив в контексте функциональных имен
Статья научная
В статье рассматривается ресурсная конструкция (Дай ножницы нитку отрезать) и конструкция функционального несоответствия (Я не сторож ваши вещи охранять), в которых инфинитив связан с существительным. Конструкции сравниваются с целевым инфинитивом, который связан с глаголом. Целевая конструкция (Х пришел поговорить [Р]) обозначает «Х хочет осуществления ситуации Р и Х же будет ее реализовывать», при этом инфинитив Р связан с главным глаголом. В ресурсной конструкции инфинитив связан с существительным R, которое не имеет инфинитивной валентности. Связь такого существительного с инфинитивом становится возможной при определенных условиях: существительное R - ресурс для реализации ситуации Р. Это существительное может обозначать как предмет (ножницы, молоток, спички), так и лицо (няня, сторож, курьер, например: Они ищут сторожа склад охранять). Семантически инфинитив Р соответствует внутреннему предикату существительного R. Аналогичная связь возникает в конструкциях функционального несоответствия, но они обязательно включают отрицание. В традиционных синтаксических классификациях эти конструкции обычно игнорируются или оказываются на периферии в силу «нестандартной» связи между существительным и инфинитивом.
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