Статьи журнала - Вестник Международной академии наук (Русская секция)
Все статьи: 360
Global health and global pollution: present and future challenges
Статья научная
The article examines the relationship between public health and pollution in the perspective of a globalized world in which environmental and health problems go beyond national borders, demanding global cooperation for a sustainable society. It also describes the factors that have influenced the increase in pollution, its current situation and prospects for the future.
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Hundred years relativity theories - a stimulus for a theory for medicine?
Статья научная
Natural scientists celebrate actually 100 years Relativity Theories. A good reason to jubilate for physicists and cosmologists: Einstein changed their world view thanks to new theories of science. So physics improved from a discipline without options for new discoveries to the leading discipline. This caused dramatic influences on manpower, grants and world economics. Einstein contributed also to the implementation of former unaccepted positions about the power of science. These positions liberated all types of scientists from former restrictions. This ongoing enabled scientists to successful problem oriented specializations e.g. in pharmacology. So medicine could use more powerful tools. These tools are based just on - from the philosophical view - materialistic principles. These aspects can be handled by computers with increasing success. But the feature and central proposition of medicine is based just on «idealistic» principles: on a comprehensive and insightful attention to the individual person. No improvements are to observe in these «idealistic» principles. On the contrary: The complaints against machine-like impersonal medicine are increasing. But Einstein opened the door also to improve this unique selling position as he caused the revival for its most genius period of physics. Einstein’s secret was to open brand new applications thanks to the unification of disciplines which seemed to be logically incompatible. So medicine should focus on a unification of all health related sectoral disciplines within one theory of medicine. As well Einstein’s theory of sciences which were used to invent the SRT allows the creation of such a comprehensive theory as the won liberty to apply ontological positions just problem oriented. This liberty justifies postulating fundamentals just on and for the basis of the obvious needs of patients and health care workers. These fundamentals allow deducing a principle for the selfcreation of any emergent health related win within the permanent evolutionary win.
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Impact on land value of waterscape as part of ecosystem services
Статья научная
This study focuses on waterfronts which are a source of ecosystem services and are now one of the rare urban natural elements, based on the idea that it is essential to maintain and further a sound relationship between ecosystem services and human wellbeing, in order to recreate today's cities to sustainable eccities. Assuming that the environmental value of a waterscape reflects land value, waterfront spaces in Osaka City were selected and the impact of their waterscapes on land value was considered. It will be necessary in the future to further clarify the impact in question by conducting quantitative analysis based on the site location factor which is considered for land appraisal.
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Статья научная
The International Committee on Nomenclature of the International Society for Chronobiology (ISC) in 1977 formally adopted the definition «chronobiology» as «Chronobiology: science objectively quantifying and investigating mechanisms of biologic time structure, including rhythmic manifestations of life». It also adopted the definition of «circadian» as «Circadian: relating to biologic variations or rhythms with a frequency of 1 cycle in 24±4 hours; circa (about, approximately) and dies (day or 24 hours). Note: term describes rhythms with an about 24-hour cycle length, whether they are frequency-synchronized with (acceptable) environmental schedules (24-hour periodic or other) or are desynchronized or free-running from the local environmental time scale, with periods of slightly yet consistently different from 24 hours» [Chronobiologia 1977; 4 (Suppl. 1), 189 pp.]. The beginnings of chronobiology as a discipline in its own right are recounted, with emphasis on the critical role played by Franz Halberg to provide all the needed ingredients for the new science to develop and strive, from gathering a critical mass of data in cooperation with colleagues worldwide to developing inferential statistical methods for their analysis and interpretation. By unveiling lawful variations within the physiological range, Halberg's clear vision that they have far reaching implications for health and disease has been vindicated, now that a molecular mechanism of circadian rhythms has been documented and the role played by the suprachiasmatic nuclei and clock genes in the periphery continues to be better understood. Chronobiology, however, encompasses more than just circadian rhythms. Evidence is presented herein for the endogenicity of the about-weekly (circaseptan) rhythm, documented in uni-cells and early in human life. How they can be used to further optimize treatment timing is illustrated in a few examples, notably in relation to cancer.
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Lichens as bioindicators of air pollutants
Статья научная
The specific sensitivity of lichens to air pollutants enables us to use them for monitoring the effects of airborne toxic gases, such as sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxides. The monitoring can be carried out by mapping the epiphytic lichen biodiver sity and the exposure of sensitive lichen species to the environment. Because of their anatomical structure and the rela tively high absorption layer of lichens they are able to accumulate heavy metals and radionuclides. Thus the spatial distri bution of manmade radionuclides and of heavy metals originating from traffic and industrial processes can be demonstrated by using lichens as monitoring organisms.
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Статья научная
This article is the continuation of the article “Light and health”, published in the Journal in 2018, №1. It deals with the influence of light on the hormones serotonin and melatonin. On the one hand, the importance of daylighting on serotonin production and our research work and results concerning this topic will be presented in this article. For the synchronisation of the inner clock daylight is essential. Our indoor society works and lives in spaces with a lack of natural daylight. The indoor (standard) illuminances may be enough for certain visual tasks but for the synchronisation of the circadian rhythm higher illuminances are needed. This can be achieved by light guiding systems as illustrated by application examples in this article. Light guiding lamella harvest the light and guide it to the reflective ceiling and therefore to the depth of the room. A conventional glazed façade is “repaired” by this light guiding systems. The more appropriate measure to improve daylight quality in buildings is another one: Daylight should be the decisive design parameter in the architectural designing process - new building typologies should be created...
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Статья научная
This paper discusses how the effect of light is related to health, wellbeing and diseases, of both a mental and physical nature. This not only concerns the optimisation of vision and the visual performance range, but also the «creation of knowledge» as a harbinger of consciousness. Since most of the sensory stimuli that reach our brain are of a visual nature, this means that the processing of information inputs is mainly a visual activity. This processing and the associated visual behaviour is predominantly done in a neural way through the «visual system» and hormonally through the «nonvisual system». These processes are explained and the associated research results, some of which have not yet been published, are presented. Results that predominantly concern the visual processes of perception also show the significance they would have if they were actually implemented. This also applies in particular to the «nonvisual system», in which the hormonal components that are influenced by light, i.e. serotonin and melatonin, are considered in conjunction with the circadian rhythm with regard to the implementation of daylighting and artificial lighting systems.
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Marine ecosystem crisis caused by plastic pollution
Статья научная
Currently, the world's oceans are becoming increasingly polluted with plastic. Focused specifically on microplastics, a cause of marine pollution, which is a rapidly surfacing crisis with an adverse impact on the survival of marine ecosystems and human health, this study aims to examine the importance of smart environmental education as a driving force for change in human awareness, in order to prevent the undesirable knock-on and cyclical effects of microplastics on marine ecosystems and human society.
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N. Moiseev and the return to the principles of epidemic hygiene in pandemics
Статья научная
Academician N.Moiseev recognized that the survival of mankind can only be ensured if the biological principles of the habitats necessary for this are sustainably taken into account. Therefore, he promoted the education of as many people as possible, so that each individual is enabled to direct his behavior in such a way that the ecological requirements are not left out for lack of appropriate knowledge. This leads to two conclusions, e. g. for epidemics: To take into account the roots of the emergence of new pathogens and to disseminate the principles of biological relationships as generally as possible. Therefore, the principles of epidemic hygiene and their psycho-socio-cultural interdependencies were presented. It becomes clear that a distinction must be made between the fight against the epidemic - and thus against the pathogen - and the fight against the consequences of the penetration of the pathogen into the organism, i. e. against the infectious disease and its indirect consequences. The transition of these two process areas ALWAYS takes place in individual persons, thus is always decided by the individual process. In a pandemic, a large number of people around the world go through this process individually at the same time. A pandemic is not a tsunami that hits everyone just because he is there. The individual characteristics, which can be strengthened and weakened in a variety of ways, even in the short term, are decisive for whether contact with a carrier leads to contamination of the mucous cells of the respiratory tract or not, whether the pathogens are destroyed thanks to the resistance of the non-specific defenses or can still penetrate the body (infection in the real sense), and whether others can already be infected in this phase. Even a fight against contact between infected and infectious persons, no matter how differentiated, therefore only leads to a temporary reduction in new cases, but neither lowers susceptibility nor contributes to the destruction of the pathogens. Antibodies can only act where they are, i. e., only when the pathogens have entered the organism, but not in the extracorporeal space of the respiratory tract. Therefore, intramuscularly vaccinated persons and persons recovered from COVID-19 can be re-infected, pass the germs on to third parties and thus contribute to the spread of the epidemic. If one wants to limit the spread of the pathogens, one must strive to lower the susceptibility, e.g. by strengthening and supporting the natural extracorporeal defense and to kill the pathogens and thus to lower their chance to penetrate the organism. This is also the method of choice in the fight against new mutants. The possibilities of fighting against the spread of pathogens have been largely neglected so far. It is pretended that the fight against the consequences of the epidemic is identical to the fight against the epidemic.
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Nature-culture-health promotion as community building
Статья научная
Recent research confirm that longevity and a healthy life is strongly influenced by belonging to closely knit communities or groups, that can give you a sense of meaning, belonging and a sense of coping through collective activities. New health chal lenges means that new and diverse networks have to be created in order to achieve interdisciplinary collaboration. Such net works should provide mutual assistance within and between countries and facilitate exchange of information on which strate gies are effective in which settings. This paper describes research studies that show how «nature and cultural activities» can promote health, quality of life and environment for individuals and create healthy local communities. At the Centre for NatureCultureHealth in Asker, a suburb west of Oslo, there have since 1994 been several experiments where individuals from the local population have been helped to find their own talents and capacity for work to maintain function and pleasure in work. Through participation in NatureCultureHealth activitygroups (NaCuHeal) the individual will find the opportunity to participate in dancing, music, art, physical activity, nature walks, hiking, gardening or contact with pets. Access to nature is a determinant of health, and lack of this will be a contributing factor to increased social inequality in health and welfare. Culture like art and music is socially significant in ways to act as a medium that allow people to connect with others, which allows bridge building and creates friendships, establishes and/or reestablishes social networks and local communities. Safety Promotion and injury prevention should also be natural part of NatureCultureHealth promotion in order to strengthen The Public’s Health.
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Pfizer ends Alzheimer research: an emergency signal for medicine and politics
Статья научная
Pfizer, the worlds greatest pharmaceutical company (business volume 2016 52,8 billion US$) has ended its efforts in Alzheimer - research. The decision was conclusive: There is no realistic assumption that the invested money can be recov ered. The decision was driven by science, not by costs or a lack of qualified scientists: The currently used scientific views from our world (paradigms) are not adequate for the needed scientific challenge. The relevance of Alzheimer for the world wide level of health - and therefore for the cost of related drugs - will increase dramatically because of the shift in the age distribution. So the level of health will decrease. Both facts should be warning signals for decision makers for the future of medicine and politics to reassess the actually used strategies. There is hope if one were able to undertake the following two steps: first to develop a more appropriate paradigmatic model and second to transfer it into specific applicable tools. The «Extended View» is such a paradigmatic model. The model is a matter of further development within IASHE and Sechenov University. It is matter of interdisciplinary discussions e.g. within the Russian Academy of Science. Principles of the model are presented.
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Pilot study on creating an urban environment that controls the spread of virus
Статья научная
According to findings to date, appropriate measures for prevention and treatment concerning the novel coronavirus Covid-19, have been based on medicine. The author however noted that it is necessary to not only depend on medical treatments, but also to harness the power of nature to full advantage such as circulation of the atmosphere and mutual interference in the ecosystem by focusing on densely populated urban environments, to control viral outbreaks and their diffusion. This pilot study therefore presents a new view by shifting the perspective on the urban environment beyond that of medicine to mitigate the spread of virus.
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Public mental health promotion, epigenetics and nacuheal-activities
Статья научная
Public Mental Health Promotion in the Light of new Epigenetic Research, Environment and Lifestyle may have impact on our genes both today and in the future. Resent epigenetic researches indicate that our genes may turn on and off as consequence of the way we are living. Health Promotion and salutogenesis therefore may have a positive impact on our genes. Nature - Culture - Health - activities (NaCuHeal) are methods that may be useful to prevent both mental and somatic health problems in the future. This paper explains through research and practical examples how and why health promoting nature and culture activities can improve the mental and physical health of the general public.
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Season's appreciations: activities at the Halberg chronobiology center in 2018
Статья научная
Following the tradition set by the late Franz Halberg, research highlights over the past year are presented to illustrate the broad international cooperation his center continues to enjoy. The diverse applications of the discipline he founded is apparent from our several joint ongoing projects. The results briefly summarized herein in the form of an annotated bib liography are a testimony that his legacy continues to live on and constitutes a tribute to his memory.
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The flood in the Ahr valley disastrous for live and goods
Статья научная
The paper described the flood in the Ahr Valley in summer 2021. After some instructional words of the geography and the hydrology, the economical aspects of different communities are discussed. The Ahr Valley has a long history in floods dating back to the year 1348. A short introduction in hydrometry, data processing and statistical estimation of flood with various return period the extreme flood are described. During these flood, many building, houses and infrastructure are damaged or distroyed. The question, how could these happened will also be treated.
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The history of air pollution and its future
Статья научная
The history of air pollution originates in the XIII century, when in London fossil coal began to be used by artisans and craftsmen; it continues through the main events of the first and the second industrial revolution that led to great benefits for mankind but entailed an increasing consumption of coal, dissemination of air pollutants and degradation of the envi ronment. The situation became more alarming in many countries after the Second World War, as a consequence of indus trial development, rapid urban sprawl and new unexpected environmental phenomena that occurred in the sixties and the seventies. Today, an integrated approach and renewed awareness of this troubled history will be needed to face the envi ronmental issues as a whole, with a reconsideration of some models of development that are strongly affecting our society, in the attempt to retrieve harmonious relationships that have been lost in many aspects of life.
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The quest for land at Piranema sand cluster
Статья научная
The Piranema Sand Cluster, located between the Seropédica and Itaguaí counties of Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, is responsible for 65% of the sand used in construction works of the region and is the home of approximately 47 small mining companies. The construction works in progress in this area make this mining district a critical success factor for these new or expanding ventures, for prices of construction sand increases tremendously with delivery distance. These undergoing works attract many people to the region, increasing the need for urban infrastructure to house them. This search for land comes from mining sites and causes difficulties in obtaining local permits, which are the first step in environmental compliance of the mining activities. The discussion of this paradox: «cheap aggregates for urban infrastructure and the displacement of mining to make room for the installation of these infrastructures», must be based on a Future Use Project for this area, seeking consensus among communities, mining, government and other stakeholders...
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Статья научная
The year of ecology in Russia is an opportunity to reflect the global environmental problems and to integrate the related conclusions and the demands of inhabitants and tourists on the geographical and related ecological characteristics for health-oriented recreation into the concepts for natural management. This would be a strategy for a comprehensive sustainable development. But not all fundamentals for such a concept are available. There is a special lack in the relevance of subjectively attributed aspects: «Some know the price of all but the value of nothing». So it is relevant to integrate perceiving, beauty, esthetics etc. into the characterization of ecological and manmade geographical units - thanks to an Extended View as well on the person as on the environment.
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Статья
This report emerged from the experiences and observations of the authors who explored fundamental features of NCT and accounted for production and essential understanding of its realm of welcome properties. N-chlorotaurine (NCT) is an endogenous mild active chlorine compound, which can be synthesized chemically and applied topically as an effective anti- infective and antiseptic to different body sites. Naturally, it is produced by activated human granulocytes and monocytes during the oxidative burst. Besides the typical broad-spectrum microbicidal activity of chloramines against all kinds of microorganisms, it has anti-inflammatory properties and is involved in termination of inflammation. Because of its high tolerability and absence of systemic adverse effects due to decay to ubiquitous taurine and chloride, it can be used in sensitive body regions, too, for instance the eye, body cavities and lower airways. The latter renders NCT inhalation a promising means for the prevention and treatment of viral pneumonia including SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19), chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. Further clinical development is urgently needed to characterize the preventive and therapeutic effects in detail. Particularly the time of the present pandemic confirmed how difficult recognition and support of innovations frequently is.
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