Статьи журнала - Вестник аграрной науки
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Contemporary quality management system elements in the food industry
Статья научная
This paper describes several quality management systems in the food industry. The systems are applied in the quality assessment of all business subjects in the food industry, with the primary objective of protecting consumers and gaining their trust in safe food production and distribution. The adoption of food management systems also gives businesses in the food industry the security and the competitiveness they need on the market. Quality management systems keep up with market globalization and are consequently applied as standard worldwide.
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Статья научная
Positive influence of combined usage of nettle and lecithin in high-yielding cow organism is demonstrated in the conditions of agro-industrial complex. Feeding with nettle and lecithin resulted in normalization of the indicators of the 2 nd line of antioxidant protection, consisting in increase of vitamins Е, С, beta-carotene correspondingly, in comparison with test animals.
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Статья научная
An ecological component in modern society becomes a basic one, since it provides fundamental foundations for the existence of each person. The methodological basis of the research is based on the synthesis of various approaches, methods and tools within the framework of the development of global institutions of environmental sustainability of the economy. The object of this research is the economic processes and phenomena that determine formation of global institutions of the environmental sustainability of the economy. The purpose of the research is to work out directions for the development through the formation of institutions for the environmental sustainability of the economy. The scientific novelty is in the author's characterization of the features of modern environmentally oriented development, as well as the proposed directions for the development of global institutions of environmental sustainability of the economy. The practical significance of the study is in the possibility of applying the developed directions of environmental development by government authorities in the formation of state policy ensuring sustainable development of the economy. The environmental component has not been and still is not a limiting factor in the economic growth. At the same time, the technological development has dramatically increased the negative impact on the environment. It is also important for the social development to be aimed at shaping ecological behavior using new transformational changes leading to managing and restoring ecosystems, while simultaneously promoting human well-being. The development of modern society takes place against the background of fundamental dysfunctions in key components that ensure the harmonious existence of mankind. The institutions of environmental sustainability of the economy can be considered as a new foundation in the management of socio-economic processes, which determines not only the growth of economic and social well-being. The solution of environmental problems in modern society should be a key factor, and its compliance with new living standards depends exactly on it. The transition to a new concept for the development of world institutions of environmental sustainability of the economy, taking into account the special role of ecology, can meet the needs of society without endangering future generations.
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Статья научная
The studies were carried out from 2018 to 2019 in a pedigree reproducer for the black-and-white breed "Streletskoye" - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FSC ZBK of the Oryol Region. We realized that the number of diluted lactations in groups of cows with thorough-bredness on the Holstein breed had significant differences. According to the indications, cows with a Holstein thorough-bredness from 51 to 75% were significantly inferior to cows in the control group, which had thorough-bredness in the less than 50% Holstein breed by 36%. 76-87.5% - by 46% and cows with thorough-bredness over 87.5% - by 60%. Cows of the second, third, and fourth groups significantly exceed the indicators of the control group in terms of the average specific weight, respectively, by 17.3%, 19.4%, and 19.5%. Groups by total number, respectively, by 28.9%, 35.5%, and 52.2%. The average milk fat by lactation in the groups of black-and-white cows with Holstein thorough-bredness of 51-75%, 76-87.5%, and more than 87.5% was higher than in the control group by 16.1, 18.5 and 19.5% respectively. The proportion of Holstein breed thorough-bredness with other scientific indicators of milk productivity was in the range of 8.25-13.24% and was due to a non-existent breeding point of view. The economic efficiency of milk production of black-and-white cows has sufficient thorough-bredness for the Holstein breed. Indicators of keeping cows with Holstein thorough-bredness in the range of 51-75% are significantly inferior to cows with thorough-bredness less than 50% by 225.0 thousand rubles. Similarly, cows from groups with Holstein blood of 76-87.5% and more than 87.5% yield in the control group by 276.2 and 412.4 thousand rubles, respectively.
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Definition of the optimal parameters of supersonic extraction at stachys nodules extraction
Статья научная
The researches allowed determination of the extractives amount in stachys nodules and motivation of optimal parameters of supersonic extraction at obtaining extracts on water basis from stachys nodules.
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Статья научная
Described several options for the design development of dual-fuel diesel injection system of the tractor MTZ-80 and proposed a system with automatic control of drop-in fuels, providing the work on the mineral and vegetable and mineral fuels.
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Development of method of evaluation of efficiency of energy management system in heat supply
Статья научная
The article presents the analysis of the present local methods of efficiency evaluation of management systems in heat supply. It suggests the method of definition of evaluation complex identifier of the system in whole and its separate blocks. The usage of complex method to evaluate the energy management system efficiency and to adjust the vector of its development is motivated.
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Статья научная
The article shows the need to develop preparations antioxidant actions and identify the preparative form, optimal for use in a stressful poultry industry. Because the impact of negative factors emergency force feeding a bird is greatly reduced, the body experiences a deficiency of biologically active substances and their additional introduction food is ineffection, need to find other ways of introducing biological additives. As a means of antioxidant action is proposed the use of marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), which consists of flavonoids - hesperidin, luteolin-7-glycoside, robinin, vicenin, dihydroquercetin, hyperoside; oksikorichnye acids - cicoria, coffee; coumarins-umbelliferon contributing to its antioxidant properties.The article presents the results of a study of antioxidant activity of different preparative forms on the basis of marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), prepared according to the Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XII(decoction, extract and tincture) from whole plant: roots and aboveground parts. A new method for determination of antioxidant activity in aqueous extract of marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.)through which confirms its antioxidant properties.From all the studied aqueous extracts of marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.) most appropriate to the poultry industry is the use of infusion, as the most convenient in the preparation of forms and the possessingrather high antioxidant activity. It is proposed in terms of industrial content desoldering bird water infusion marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.) in a dose of 5 ml per kg of live weight, the resulting rate of 1 g of marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.) to 10 ml of water.
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Development of small business in Russia and its impact on the employment of rural people
Статья научная
Small business development is one of the key elements of Russian economy growth promoting formation of the "healthy" competitive environment, increase in production of Gross Domestic Product, population employment, growth of its actual income, life upgrading. Pliability and management simplicity of small enterprises, ability to further of scientific and technical progress and to mobilize the considerable resources of production and finance of the society predetermine the important economic, antimonopoly, innovative and social role of this sector of economy. The necessity of working out of principally new conception of regulation and supporting of small business in context of forming of economic policy on macro- and regional levels is conditioned by absence of common approach to the realization of its complex support which takes into account the specific regional features. Development of small business is proved to be one of the main strategic directions of the state policy. The studies revealed the dynamics and features of small enterprises development in Russia. For all that it is emphasized that proper management mechanisms of the system state support of small business development in Russia are not created. At that time their absence prevents the home development and dynamic growth of small enterprises. The estimation of labour resource capacity of small business development in rural areas was conducted. In the article the problems of business in the rural community was depicted and suggested the means of its activation. The authors gave reasons for the necessity of state intervention in the functioning of small business in the current conditions of the market economy and the basic forms and methods of such effects: legal regulation, finance and credit, tax tools, personnel and information support of small business.
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Development of the system of anti-crisis tax regulation at the regional level
Статья научная
Choose the regional level as a source for building crisis management system and the formation of the optimal structure of the regional economy, focused on rapid development, defined by the fact that the economic reforms in Russia in recent years, have shown a significant impact on the basic principles of the country’s economy at the meso level. State economic policy officially regulated on the regional management level includes the determining of goals and development priorities of the territory business sphere, working out varied support tools to provide stabilization, and then stimulate development of the regional economy. The obtained results of assessments of anti-crisis tax impacts on the factors causing crisis situations are the base for forming and adjustment of tax plans and forecasts and also provide carrying out efficient structural policy in the region.In terms of socio-economic differentiation of the regions, strengthening inter-regional differences are particularly important methods to improve the stability of the national economy and ensure it stimulated development. As a result of the program implementation the efficient stabilization measures at the regional level and later they will promote stimulate development of the regional economy.
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Diagnosis of mastitis in cows at detection of termoregulation disoders of mammary gland
Статья научная
Not only local protective reactions but also reactions of organism as a whole are activated at mastitis. Significant changes that lead to visible shifts in the concentration of natural resistance factors take place.As a result, methods of fixation of natural resistance changes of the whole organism andof the mammary gland were taken as basis of mastitis diagnosis. With any inflammatory process in the body at pathology of mammary gland thermoregulation disorders are observed. The degree of abnormalities from the temperature norm in the sick organ and in the whole organism depends on the nature of the inflammatory process. This article describes the substantiation of mastitis diagnostics method, based on the change in the value of the heat flow from the surface of the udder skin. New methods of mastitis diagnostics, based on the change in the rate of the heat flow from the surface of the udder skin, allow dispensing with reagents, selection of milk samples and reduce the time of investigation.
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Directions of development of the Russian market of fodder harvesting machinery
Статья научная
Article represents the problems of forming fodder machinery fleet of the agricultural organizations of Russian Federation. Structural analysis of acquisition and use of fodder machinery fleet by agricultural enterprises has been conducted. Competitive advantages of domestic and imported equipment on the Russian market of forage equipment have been substantiated. The directions of technical modernization of fodder production under the State program of agriculture development and regulation of the markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020, taking into account the limitations of the WTO, have been suggested.
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Dynamics of immunoglobulin’s in the mucosa of the duodenum lambs in early postnatal ontogenesis
Статья научная
The article presents data reflecting the content of the different classes of antibodies in the mucosa of the duodenum 12 lambs early. In the mucosa of the duodenum of adult sheep and lambs early childhood (1-60 days) content and accumulation of immunoglobulin’s vary, indicating different levels of security and functionality of the structures of the preventable biotope of the digestive system of the lambs during early ontogenesis.
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Ecological chemical characteristics of deicing materials and technology of their safe application
Статья научная
In cities where vast heaps of people, industrial enterprises and traffic are concentrated, whole new ecosystem appears. It is characterized with high level of pollution, specific heat regime, vegetation depression, soil pollution. This results in the necessity to carryout high priority measures on preservation of natural amenities. With pollution accumulation the organic matter concentration in open water increases, in its turn it results in complication and cost increase of drinking water purification. Pollutant accumulation process in natural habitat at specific time intervals can result in irreversible changes. It is necessary to develop measures on the mentioned influence, particularly obligatory observation of the requirements of the highways winter cleaning technology, the content and reagents consumption at different temperature ranges, and also exclusion of rotary snow clearance with penetration of pollutants into the green areas.
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Economic essence of forest resources
Статья научная
The economic essence of the forest as an object of ecological and economical estimation is theoretically grounded. It will allow to determine the ways of the effective exploitation of forest resources and to increase their protective functions. It will help to create ecological, social and economic advantages.
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Economics and poultry reserves
Статья научная
Russian poultry takes the sufficiently important place in providing consumers’ demand of the population for the branch production. In 2013 poultry meat production was 3,8 mln. t, it is more than the level of 2012 by 192 thous. t. Poultry meat per capita production of domestic manufacture has grown from 12 kg in 1990 to 26 kg in 2013 at recommended standard 30 kg. The share of domestic poultry meat in market resources 2013 was 88%, it already excesses the specified criterion of food safety. At the same time the cost of the resources used in poultry breeding (feed, electric energy, diesel oil, and gasoline) increased considerably. The level of sale prices does not provide the level of poultry plants revenues, necessary to run expanded reproduction. The principle condition of profitable work of poultry plants is intensive branch running with implementation of resource saving technologies of poultry keeping and feeding, modern breeding methods, providing high productiveness, feed preservation and conversion, organization of deep production processing, strict cost saving in all production sectors.
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Effect of genotype of the black currant on the efficiency of propagation in culture in vitro
Статья научная
Clonal micropropagation of varieties and elite forms of black currants is used in a breeding program of the Kokinskiy branch of the RBTIHN. The influence of a genotype on the frequency of the regeneration of the original explants at the introduction in culture in vitro and propagation factor of the microplants at the stage of proliferation are determined in this paper. To a lesser extent varietal peculiarities of currant influenced the rooting indices and the adaptation indices of plants to non-sterile conditions. The low regeneration ability in vitro is stated in varieties which are difficult to be bred by woody cuttings (Istok, Debryansk).
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Статья научная
Lemon verbena leaves are used as the plant for injection, aromatic, digestive and antispasmodic properties. Lemon verbena leaves has a mild sedative and reputation for relieving abdominal discomfort. In order to examine the influence of planting density and sowing date on the essential oil Neral, Geranial and Limonene in Lippia citriodora, an experiment was performed in Rasht experimental farm, Gilan province, 2011. The experiment was done as a factorial on the basis of randomized complete blocks design in three replications. Density treatments at three levels: 2, 4, 6 plants /m 2 and sowing treatment of March 24 th, April 8 th and April 24 th. The chemical composition was analyzed by Gas chromatography (GC) and Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 37 compounds were identified in the Essential oil of Lippia citriodora. The most important compounds in plant lemon verbena were Neral, Geranial and Limonene. Regarding the obtained results, planting density and sowing date treatments had a significant effect on the rate of essential oil and the highest amounts of Neral, Geranial and Limonene were measured as 23.25, 33.68 and 5.84 in the 4 plant/m2 and planting on March 24 th.
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Статья научная
The purpose of this study was to investigate responses of pear cultivars Niitaka and Chuwhangbae under short period heating on cold resistance degree of flower buds. Experience was conducted in annual shoots flower bud where used control state (non-heated) and shoots which were artificially heated (AH) during 72 hour in water in room condition (18-20°С). To assay cold resistance of cultivars they were treated under negative temperatures -10°С,-15°С,-20°С and -25°С during 2012-2013 winter period with every 15 days interval and was detected changing of cold resistant depending on the fluctuation of the outside temperature and cultivars own characteristics. A study revealed that during organic rest period before entrance to deep dormancy Chuhwangbae was more resistant to low temperature under control and AH state than that of Niitaka and the damaging level of flower buds slowly decreased and reached minimum by mid January. And by March the damages was increased again. Cold resistant cultivar Chuwhangbae responds more sensitively to external environments. It means that it can realize with high rate hardening process by the restructuring of the plant protoplasts and the transition process to the new metabolic energy level by effecting negative temperatures. And we assume that it might be closely related with dormancy, concentration of the mineral elements, water potential and transition processes of metabolism to the new energetic level.
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Effectiveness of the immune-metabolic preparations in the reproductive cycle of pregnant sows
Статья научная
Maintenance of veterinary well-being and health of productive animals, especially in the conditions of intensive operation, bases on realisation in the basic three problems: building optimum conditions of the maintenance, adequate feeding and increase of compensatory organism possibilities. Paper present results of scientific researches on influence of new immunometabolic preparation on immunobiochemical status of pregnant sows.
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