Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1587
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the problem of definition of organization and economic mechanisms, contributing to effective implementation of strategic priorities in tourism and recreation development at macroregion level (NWFD). The article also grounds the statement, according to which initiation of mentioned mechanisms gives essentially new possibilities for development of tourism and recreation at the level of separate municipalities and regions of NWFD. The conditions/ factors that constrain and promote mobilization of organization and economic mechanisms are considered as well; it provides recommendations on improvement of current management in tourism/ recreation sector at macroregion level.
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Economy of the region: from crisis to sustainable development
Статья научная
The article analyzes the impact of financial crisis on the economy of the Vologda region, justifies the direction of anti-crisis actions. The necessity of maximum use of small and medium businesses capabilities for way out of the crisis and, streamline of the regional economy structure are emphasized.
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Рецензия
At the new stage of Russia’s development, it becomes especially important to find solutions to urgent economic and social issues of regional development so as to ensure full economic sovereignty and decent living standards and quality of life for Russian citizens. The article discusses the issues related to increasing the role of scientific support in addressing these problems through the prism of a notable scientific and practical phenomenon - the publication of the dictionary-reference book Regional Economics in 2021; the book was prepared by a team of authors at RAS Vologda Research Center and contains the results of the 30-year work of VolRC RAS on providing scientific and practical support to regional and local authorities of the Vologda Oblast, which contributed to the development of the region’s economy, raising the standard of living and improving the quality of life. The published scientific and practical methods for solving regional demographic, economic and social problems and improving the performance of regional and local government bodies represent the main achievements of the book. The article shows that theoretical, methodological and practical solutions to topical regional issues, using the example of the Vologda Oblast, provide scientific and practical communities of other Russian regions with tools for addressing similar problems, taking into account Russia’s spatial features. We outline a number of considerations to develop the theoretical, methodological and practical base of the book so that its methods could be applied creatively in other regions of Russia.
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Education opportunities for the population in the changing socio-economic context
Статья научная
Opportunities for the people in the field of education are not just an indicator of achieved social progress, but also a factor that determines the path of future development. That is why the information about the accessibility of quality education for residents of Russia, which is on the difficult way from socialism to capitalism, is so important. Reforms in education were implemented during the whole post- Soviet period, but the most fundamental changes have occurred in recent years. The paper is based on the analysis of evolution of educational legislation in relation to each of the stages of education system, and it also uses the results of sociological research. The article shows the process of further exacerbating and institutionalization of inequality of educational opportunities for families with different incomes and places of residence. It proves that in the emerging socio-economic and institutional context the access to the full value education for a significant share of households is being increasingly restricted...
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Education options for young people from indigenous minorities of the North: regional aspect
Статья научная
The relevance of the problem considered in this article is due to the need to provide qualified personnel for investment megaprojects in the Arctic region, while preserving the traditional culture, language, and life values of indigenous peoples of the North. We use qualitative and quantitative methods of the sociological research we conducted in 2016-2017 on the territory of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Tyumen region of Russia: mass surveys of northerners, highlighting among them the indigenous peoples of the North, in-depth interviews of experts and so on. The analysis of scientific domestic and foreign literature on the subject of the study, including the study of Russian and foreign educational practices of different levels in the Arctic regions, allows us to assess the current level of training of qualified personnel for the Arctic. We substantiate possible ways to improve the system of ethno-regional education, assess the satisfaction of representatives of aboriginal ethnic groups with the system of general and professional education and its compliance with the desired future for their children. According to the results of the study, we make the following conclusions. General and professional ethno-regional education for different levels of the Arctic Zone of Russia needs long-term state and non-state support, including corporate and non-governmental support associated with the prospective modernization of its entire system. It is necessary to strengthen the interaction of universities and other educational organizations with companies that participate in neo-industrial development of the Arctic with the aim of expanding the training of specialists in the industries related to the traditional life of indigenous Northern ethnic groups. Ethno-regional education in the Arctic region should be considered on the basis of the standards adopted by UNESCO for minority groups as an inclusive education having a status different from other educational organizations, taking into account the smallness of the majority of schools in Arctic settlements and nomad camps. At the same time, it is necessary to expand the range of educational opportunities for young people who belong to the indigenous peoples of the North.
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Educational migration of school leavers from Karelia: arctic specifics
Статья научная
Studying the migration plans of school leavers is important in the context of the reproduction of the region’s human capital. The article considers youth’s educational migration plans in the case of one of the Arctic regions (Republic of Karelia). The empirical base includes data of sociological research we conducted in November 2022. A total of 3,053 students in grades 8-11 from all districts of Karelia participated in the survey. The main aim of the research is to identify migration intensions of young people, namely school leavers as a social group on the way to choose vocational education in the region or outside it, the reasons for migration moods and potential willingness to return to the area after receiving a profession in another region. We have established that migration moods differ by regions of Karelia: educational plans of the majority of schoolchildren in Petrozavodsk are oriented outside the region, and the northern (non-Arctic) region of Karelia, on the contrary, to Petrozavodsk. However, school leavers of Arctic and southern regions are also focused on studying outside the region, where the flows from the regions are usually directed to the center of their region and then to other regions. It is important to assess the potential return of graduates who leave the region: most of those who are not going to study in Karelia are also going to work there. A comparison of actual and potential outflows of eleventh-graders from the region proves that in fact every third graduate leaves. Most graduates, disposed to leave, romanticize their plans, and only one in four families financially prepare for their child’s education in another region; the rest take no concrete action. The results obtained contribute to studying youth’s migration activity in Russia’s regions that are partially included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as detailed information is limited for such territories. In practical terms, the research results can form the analytical basis for the timely development of management mechanisms to strengthen and retain youth in the Arctic regions.
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Effectiveness of labor market regulation in the region (case study of crisis response measures)
Статья научная
The paper analyzes public administration efficiency in the social and labor sphere. It examines main theoretical and methodological approaches to the concept of “administration effectiveness” depending on different criteria such as the status of the managed object, internal effectiveness of management, social effectiveness, achievement of the target values of indicators, the “cost-result” ratio. The author attempts to analyze a relative effectiveness of labor market management in Russia in each of the federal districts and in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District with special attention paid to the situation in the Vologda Oblast. The article gives a general description of the main crisis response measures that Russia's regions apply in an effort to reduce tensions at their labor markets: proactive training of the workers who are at risk of being dismissed; promotion of self-employment; organization of public works; promotion of employment of persons with disabilities...
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Статья научная
We make an attempt to substantiate the significance of creating institutional conditions for the development of nonprofit organizations; to this end, we identify social and economic impact of their activities on the regional economy. Using the synthesis of theoretical approaches to explaining the reasons for the emergence of the nonprofit sector (theory of interdependence and failure theory) and the results of content analysis of the projects supported by the Presidential Grants Foundation and submitted by socially oriented nonprofit organizations from the Volga Federal District, we identify directions and specify forms of leveling government failures. It was found that socially oriented nonprofit organizations focus on providing a range of services in the education system, health care and social support, which are of priority importance for the formation of people’s basic needs, which can be fulfilled by the state only to a certain limit, regardless of the territory of residence and taking into account residents’ individual needs. When assessing the effectiveness of their own work, representatives of socially oriented nonprofit organizations focus on its social significance, using mechanisms of point solutions to the current problems of the target audience. We identify the range of potential socio-economic effects from the activities of socially oriented nonprofit organization carried out on a systematic and long-term basis in the context of priority areas of their work. We emphasize that our approach, due to the formation of a unified view among economic agents (government, business, society and nonprofit organizations themselves), expands the idea of its importance for the region’s economy and may become a starting point for the creation of institutional conditions for the development of nonprofit organizations in Russia. The prospects for our future research include modeling the management system of specific regions of the Russian Federation based on the creation of institutional conditions to increase the contribution of socially oriented nonprofit organizations to the balanced development of territories.
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Статья научная
The authors have performed a monitoring medico-sociological research aimed to study the system for organizing the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) at the territorial level. The survey was conducted among physicians in 2010. The results of this examination are presented as a set of filled-in expert assessment charts. The randomized sample (338 people) was effected by random selection. Sampling error does not exceed 5% (α = 0.95). The authors have analyzed the representative data in order to assess the quality of implementation of the program “Prevention and treatment of arterial hypertension in the Vologda Oblast population” and provide analytical support in management decision-making. The authors have also assessed the demographic and economic losses due to health deterioration caused by diseases of the circulatory system. In addition, the authors have proposed the measures to improve health care practices in order to enhance the efficiency of using people’s labor and life potential.
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Статья научная
The article presents a methodology for evaluating the efficiency of measures and tools of state policy in the field of science and technology. The approach was developed and tested in order to improve the mechanism for monitoring the achievement of strategic goals of Russia’s scientific and technological development discussed at the meeting of the Presidential Council for Science and Education on February 8, 2023. The implementation of this direction is of great importance for ensuring technological sovereignty of the country. In the course of the research we used general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis and generalization, observation, comparison, measurement, grouping. Statistical methods such as correspondence analysis and cluster analysis were also used to implement the main task. The assessment was carried out in three directions: effectiveness assessment, assessment of the growth rate of targets, and assessment of the relevance of measures and tools of state policy in the field of science and technology by the scientific community. Based on these criteria, a set of data and a conclusion on the efficiency of public policy tools and measures were formed. The results obtained indicate the average efficiency of the tools and measures of state policy in terms of their effectiveness and relevance. The growth rates of most indicators are characterized by negative dynamics. This is primarily due to the fact that during the second stage of the implementation of the scientific and technological development strategy, restrictions caused by coronavirus infection were introduced, and we should also point out an increase in sanctions pressure.
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Efficiency of the state's “manual” management. Challenges of 2020
Статья научная
The following materials logically continue the chief editor’s article «Another Step towardV. Putin’s “Long State”», which was published in the previous issue of the journal “Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast” (no.1, 2020). Basics of a new Russian statehood, which the President has been building for the last 20 years, are tested by epidemiological and socio-economic crises, caused by COVID-19 pandemic, and the drop of oil prices. Efficiency of the state’s “manual” management, which V. Putin has been implementing during all his presidential terms, is also going through challenges. The author’s position on the development of the political situation in the country, based on the analysis of facts, statistical data, results of population’s sociological surveys, and experts’ assessments, proceeds from the fact that, in a current difficult situation, the President personally (publicly, attracting expert community and general population) get “ahead of the curve” to maintain stability and provide conditions for the long-term implementation of the prospective political course of the country’s development. Such actions include timely initiation of the large-scale discussion and the adoption of the respective law on amending the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the provision of the ensured opportunity to continue national-oriented development course for the next 15 years at least. Thus, despite force majeure global circumstances and complicated domestic situation, the President takes steps aimed at the preservation and strengthening of the Russian statehood in the future. It once again shows the historical role of V. Putin and allows us to expect with cautious optimism the Russia’s “withdrawal” from the current situation without, at least, losses for national security and competitiveness while keeping prospects for further sustainable development.
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Статья
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Статья научная
Along with the transition of the Russian economy to innovation development, the role of innovation entrepreneurship as a driver of intensive economic growth has significantly increased. This type of entrepreneurship provides regions with competitive advantages. The purpose of the study is to assess the extent of influence of innovation entrepreneurship on the level of economic development of Russian regions by testing the technique of regression analysis of panel data. In order to achieve this goal, we addressed the following tasks: first, we reviewed scientific papers that investigate the influence of the innovation factor (including innovation entrepreneurship) on the development of the regional economy; second, we selected and scientifically substantiated the choice of statistical indicators that reflect, on the one hand, the development of innovation entrepreneurship and on the other - the development of the economy of Russian regions; third, we analyzed the impact of innovation entrepreneurship on the economic development of Russian regions on the basis of the indicators selected and with the use of econometric tools. We applied the following scientific methods: systematization, generalization, study of literature, documents, and results of activities. We should separately highlight the method of mathematical modeling that we used to perform a regression analysis. The following results were obtained: first, on the basis of the review, we found that innovation entrepreneurship has a significant impact on the development of the economy of regions, especially during recession periods; second, the results of the regression analysis allowed us to confirm the hypothesis that innovation entrepreneurship should be considered a significant factor in economic development of Russian regions. We also revealed that in the conditions of the modern domestic economy, the technological component of innovation entrepreneurship (the essence of which is the development of innovative solutions) is the most prominent one.
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Electronic education and innovative economy development in Russia
Статья научная
Demand for education for human potential development in the innovation economy, demographic problems of Russian society and reforming the education system force to think about the development and introduction of new forms of learning. One of them is E-Learning. The concept of e-learning meets the new paradigm of “education through life”, and also it is the most effective tool for the development of information society and innovation-based economy.
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Elite economics and political instability
Статья научная
The article puts forward a new version of elite theory based on the use of a macroeconomic production function depending on the number of the elites and the masses. At the same time, the production function of the elites is complemented with the distribution function, which determines the income structure of social groups and the level of inequality. Combining the two sides of the activity of the elites allows us to design a simple typology of political situations in the country and highlight the regime of revolutionary situation. A formal analysis of the model of production activity of the elites has shown that the phenomenon of over-accumulation of the ruling class has a noticeable destructive impact on economic growth only after a severe drop in its functioning effectiveness. The very deterioration of the quality of the political elite allows an unjustified increase in its size to manifest itself. We consider generalizations of elite model in relation to the case of the middle class and show the invariance of the previously obtained conclusions. We provide an interpretation of the macro-theory of the elites for the mega-level, when studying the world economic system as a combination of the center, periphery and semi-periphery. We consider four dimensions of the elite, with system paradigms being a new element within these dimensions. The influence of external historical events on the worldview of the elites and their actions is revealed using the examples of the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire, the collapse of the USSR and the beginning of the fall of the U.S. hegemony. For the center - periphery system, we test the production model of the elites with the help of statistical data from the World Bank; we build econometric dependencies that show a decrease in the effectiveness of the United States in managing global production.
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Employee environmental responsibility: empirical analysis and typology
Статья научная
Environmental responsibility of employees is a key prerequisite for achieving environmental goals of an organization and improving its environmental performance at the managerial and executive levels. Forming environmental responsibility in employees requires an understanding of the mechanisms and drivers of individual environmental behavior that may differ considerably, depending on the environmentally significant professional and personal qualities that encourage their conscious manifestation at work. The purpose of our study is to provide theoretical and empirical substantiation of the types of employee environmental responsibility. Methodological basis for our work includes the concept of individual environmental responsibility and environmental behavior of employees. The empirical base of the study is formed by the data from a survey of employees at Russian pro-environmental enterprises of the oil and gas industry. According to the results of the cluster analysis of the data obtained, we reveal characteristics for the role models of environmental behavior and identify four types of employees: ecoconservatives, eco-pragmatists, eco-activists, eco-pro-activists, differing in the awareness and acceptance of the company’s environmental values, compliance with environmental requirements in work activities, interest in participating in additional environmental activities and initiative in addressing environmental issues. The results obtained can be used to study the nature of individual environmental behavior and environmental responsibility; they can be also useful for companies in developing and improving human resource management policies and practices aimed at employees’ environmental development. The main limitation is the fact that we have chosen major oil and gas industry enterprises as the object of research, and they have a highly developed environmental policy, environmental management and the practice of environmental development of personnel; this narrows the significance of the results obtained within one industry, not allowing us to draw generalized conclusions and give practical recommendations.
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Employment strategy of the Russians
Статья научная
During the crisis it is especially important to choose a correct employment strategy. Every employee uses an employment strategy, as he/she selects the direction of long-term employment consciously or intuitively. The choice of strategy is determined by a number of factors shaping the person's attitudes: health, character, upbringing, education, social environment, institutional environment. The employment strategies of the young people newly entering the labor market differ from lab our strategies of workers. Young people do not have such experience and can plan their life “from scratch”. The Soviet specialists, people who started their career in the planned economy, have their own features of employment strategies. The article describes employment strategies of the Russians.
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Energy efficient lighting as a transition from incandescent lamps to light-emitting diode solutions
Статья научная
Energy efficiency and energy saving are the national objectives set by the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry A. Medvedev. One of the lines of state policy is application of energy saving technologies to lighting. In this regard, the article analyzes the phased measures taken to replace incandescent lamps with energy efficient lamps, including the national development of the energy effective substitutes and the use of technical regulation mechanisms and quality control of the products delivered to the market.
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Energy-intensity factors in the Komi Republic's economy
Статья научная
In the article the analysis of energy efficiency of the regional economy are presented for a purpose to indentified quality characteristics its dynamics and factors of relatively low level. Application of comparative statistics and regression analysis methods made it possible to estimate the impact of the most important factors. Results shown that high level of energy intensity was due to “northern” economy and industry specialization. A main factor of energy-intensity dynamics was scale effect of economy production. Structural and technological trends of energy-saving were not found. Selection of energy efficiency index as indicators of quality regional development requires monitoring and analysis of energy-economic dependency, improving information basis.
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Enhancing the efficiency of dairy farming through improving the regional system of fodder production
Статья научная
Addressing the issue of increasing the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding, increasing the volume of milk and dairy products is closely linked to the strengthening and development of fodder supplies. The State program of agriculture development and regulation of markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020 implemented in the Vologda Oblast, as well as other legal documents do not fully promote intensive fodder production. This results in poorly developed meadow and field fodder production, fodder crop breeding and fodder seed production, harvesting, storage, and use of fodder negatively affects the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in general and determines the range of the existing system problems. In this regard, the purpose for the research is to develop and scientifically substantiate the ways of improving the system of fodder production to increase the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in the region. In accordance with the intended purpose we have met a set of objectives...
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