Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
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Ecological protection in underdeveloped areas of China (the case study of Hubei province)
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Ecological protection of underdeveloped regions in china: a case study of Jiangxi province
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The article presented scientific approaches to ecological protection in the underdeveloped regions of China. It describes its organization in the periods of economic recovery and rapid economic development. The article also covers acute issues concerning the enhancement of ecological protection at present.
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Статья научная
Social factors of endogenous economic growth are becoming the subject of modern research increasingly frequently. The contribution of human capital individual parameters and income inequality indicators are the most studied ones. Cross-country studies lead to conflicting conclusions. The results of Russian research are generally unambiguous, since the regional level of analysis is more similar in terms of institutional conditions and the level of socio-economic development. However, they do not define the nature of the impact of a number of significant social indicators on regional economic growth. In this regard, the purpose of the paper is to determine the nature of the influence of a set of social indicators on the regional economic growth dynamics by means of econometric modeling tools. The methodological basis is made up by the epistemological tools, in particular, system, hypothesis-deductive and dialectical approaches, as well as the methods of content analysis and econometric modeling. The most significant results characterizing the scientific novelty of the presented research include the following: 1) it is determined that the impact of the population's birth rate, mortality and morbidity on GRP corresponds to the nature of the dependencies identified for countries having experienced the second demographic transition; 2) it is established that the character of influence of the indicators of “life expectancy”, and “the number of students studying in bachelor, specialist, master degree programs” and “the number of employees with higher education in the region's economy” on the GRP does not correspond to the trends in developed countries; 3) it is proved that the inconsistency of the obtained results is a consequence of the underestimation of human capital as the main factor in the development of the Russian economy at the present stage; 4) the extent and consequences of the restraining effect of the analyzed social indicators on the dynamics of regional economic growth are determined. Based on the results of econometric modeling, the priorities of regional socio-economic policy for the medium term are identified, depending on the level of their impact. The authors associate the prospects for future research with a deeper study of the impact of life expectancy and mortality factors on the regional economic growth, as well as the verification of this model for the entire set of regions of the Russian Federation.
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Economic activity in Russian regions
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The paper deals with the issues of concentration of economic activity in Russian regions influenced not only by factors of the “first nature” - presence of minerals, fertile land, favorable geographic position, but also by factors of the “second nature”, in particular, the agglomeration effects and potential savings in the scale. Analysis of the geographic concentration and the region-specific focus reflects the general trend in the concentration of industrial production, investment and human resources, provides the necessary information framework for a harmonized economic policy. The purpose for the study is to theoretically justify and analyze economic activity concentration in terms of assessment of concentration and specialization of Russian regions over time. The paper reveals terminological aspects of concentration, agglomeration, specialization, agglomeration economics and urbanization. The applied methodological tools of assessment include the localization factor, Herfindahl-Hirschman and Krugman concentration and specialization indices, Gini index...
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Economic and qualimetric assessment of pine and spruce species in the Vologda oblast
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The Vologda Oblast is among the wooded regions of Russia. Wood requirements of our region, neighboring territories and other countries have been covered for many decades due to the intensive exploitation of forests. At present, the Vologda Oblast that increases production volumes is a leader in wood felling and processing. Intensive forest exploitation has deteriorated the quality and species of wood and reduced the share of valuable coniferous plantations. It is possible to solve these problems due to growing economically valuable species of wood in the logged areas. Economic and qualimetric analysis of pine and spruce species in the Vologda Oblast proves that it is reasonable to grow spruce species in the southern taiga subzone in order to produce pulp wood. This will increase the pulpwood productivity of forest plantations and efficiency of timber production in the region.
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Economic and social changes in Russia's coal industry during the crisis
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In this article the features of the global economic crisis’ influence in its sharp phase (the 4th quarter of 2008 and the first half of 2009) on Russia’s coal industry are considered. It is shown, that its restructuring in 1994 - 2007 allowed to alleviate the global crisis’ influence. Major factors of the crisis’ negative influence and basic anti-recessionary actions are formulated. Attributes of the branch’s outlet from the crisis are designated. Opportunities and prospects of the coal-mining industry’s development are appreciated within the framework of Russia’s Power Strategy till 2030 and necessity of the transition from the fuel circuit of development to the coal-mining industry’s diversity on the basis of the state innovational policy is shown.
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Economic behavior: analysis and prospects
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Efficient social policy should be based on the understanding of strategies which Russian families use for adaptation to a difficult economic situation in the country. This understanding is promoted by regular research into people’s consumer behaviour and by sociological surveys of savings strategies. Scientists are studying the investment behaviour of population. Consumer behaviour, savings behaviour and investment behaviour are the elements of economic behaviour of population. The integrated research into these components gives the greatest effect for enhancing the efficiency of social policy. The “Taganrog” Project is one of such integrated studies. This project has been implemented within forty years; its main purpose is to study various aspects of life of households in this southern city that used to be an industrial city.
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Economic efficiency of innovation production of removable building structures
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Open joint stock company «Vologda building designs and road machines factory» realized the innovative program 454.3 million roubles worth of mobile buildings manufacturing in 2007 - 2009. That madepossible to double productivity of block-containers, increase sales volume from 1731.2 to 2183.9 million roubles, increase profit from 260 to 399.4 million roubles and keep personnel size in crisis years 2008 - 2009.
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The article deals with the current state and analysis of scientific and technical activities of the Khantyy-Mansiysk autonomous okrug - Ugra.
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The article examines regional peculiarities of the local market formation of fruit and berry production in the Russian North from the theoretic perspective of new economic geography. It examines modern market development trends, presents the economic estimation of the market development potential of fruit and berry production in the regions of the European North of the Russian Federation.
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Economic features of projects on the hydrocarbon shelf deposits development
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The article shows a spectrum of economic issues of hydrocarbon marine deposits projects' development. Basic risks at stages of projects development are analyzed and risks mitigation actions are provided. Analysis of investment expenses of marine oil and gas fields in various environmental conditions is provided; resource indicators of hydrocarbon raw materials of Russia and states of Caspian region are given. Considerable attention is paid to management of projects development taking into account foreign experience of natural resources development. The article also considers safety and environment issues at development of shelf deposits.
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Статья научная
One of the vital problems of the 21st century is environmental pollution, unfavorable both locally and globally. Contaminants released into the soil, air, and water runoff pollute drinking water which leads to an increase in the number of epidemic outbreaks. Moreover, pollutants affect local ecosystems. And when the ecosystem dynamics change, the balance of organisms that provide us with clean air is disrupted. The main cause of the pollution problem is economic growth. It encourages intensive energy use which leads to an increase in СО2 emissions. It is important to understand how to reduce emissions while maintaining the pace of economic growth. To date, the emission-leading countries have fundamentally different economic structures, and therefore it seems necessary to conduct a comparative analysis of the economic growth impact on pollutant emissions for them. The paper considers the situation typical of the Russian regions and American states for the period from 2004 to 2018. We have used spatial econometric models to identify dependencies. The paper proves the existence of spatial correlation in the level of pollutant emissions in Russia’s regions and American states. We have confirmed the hypothesis that the dependence of emissions on economic growth in Russia’s regions has the form of an inverted U-shaped curve. The value of the GRP turning point, after reaching which the level of pollutant emissions will decrease, has shown that only in ten Russia’s regions, with GRP growth, emissions are reduced, and most regions are on the increasing part of the curve. For the United States, the estimates obtained are not significant, which proves the paramount importance of the structure of the country’s economy in the issue of the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth.
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Economic inequality of citizens beyond averages: assessment in the conditions of its transformation
Статья научная
Inequality in Russia has been at a consistently high level for 30 years, but it is not permanent or static. New forms of it are emerging, such as digital inequality, inequality of life and work balance, health inequality, inequality of the coronavirus crisis. The difference between the richest and poorest in food consumption in terms of volume is shrinking, but in terms of quality it is growing. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to improve approaches to the measurement of economic inequality of citizens on the basis of determining the features of its modern transformation. The hypothesis of the study is that economic inequality in Russia is transforming, and the existing approaches to its assessment do not allow us to comprehensively and objectively determine its current state, which leads to the ineffectiveness of the measures taken by the government to smooth it out. A comparative analysis of the classical indicators of economic inequality was conducted: the Gini coefficient, the Theil, Atkinson, Palma indices, R/P 10% ratio (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%), R/P 20% ratio (the ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%), decile differentiation ratio (the ratio of the lowest income in the tenth decile to the highest income in the first decile) and quintile differentiation ratio (the ratio of the lowest income in the fifth quintile to the highest income in the first quintile). The results of the assessment of inequality in Russia obtained by eight organizations (Rosstat, CIS Stat, World Bank, Luxembourg Income Study, Credit Suisse, World Inequality Database, UN Development Program, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) are compared. In Russia, income inequality remains consistently high, wealth inequality is excessive (Credit Suisse estimates the Gini coefficient at 0.88), and opportunity inequality is less significant in comparison to them. It is proved that the classical statistical indicators do not reflect the transformation of economic inequality, new markers are needed for this. Rosstat estimates income inequality and consumption inequality, leaving out wealth inequality and nonmonetary manifestations of economic inequality. Four directions for improving approaches to the diagnostics of economic inequality in Russia were identified: a qualitative assessment of the manifestations of consumption inequality, nonmonetary manifestations of economic inequality, wealth distribution and the increase in income differentiation within the groups of the wealthiest citizens.
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Статья научная
The issue of immigration management is one of the most complex and relevant both in academic science and practical politics. It polarizes public opinion and provokes fierce debate. One of the most important objective of the domestic policy of countries with a large number of immigrants is effective socio-economic integration of foreign cultural communities and consolidation of the civil society. The article deals with the general issues of integration of Muslim immigrants in the UK and France in the economy; provides data on their number, employment, income and social status compared with the ethnic majority. The information framework of the research includes official statistics, sociological surveys, analytics of government institutions and commissions, reports of well-known research centers and Muslim organizations. Due to the peculiarities of statistics it is impossible to directly compare the situation of British and French Muslims. Moreover, in the UK and France, migrant integration is carried out according to different historical models. The article demonstrates the specific features of each country in migrant resettlement, the position of Muslims in the labor market among various immigrant minorities, the issues of the national policy in fighting against discrimination and Islamophobia. The purpose of the article is to focus on objective quantitative and qualitative indicators of economic activity of Muslim immigrants in the two countries in question to overcome the existing stereotypes and political speculation. Analysis of the economic status of Muslims in the UK and France reveals a significant spread depending on the country of origin, country of birth, belonging to the first or the second generation of immigrants. The article concludes that the UK opens up more opportunities for the economic integration of Muslims than France.
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Economic journal in Russia: quality assessment issues
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The paper attempts to assess economic journals included in the List of peer-reviewed scientific journals and editions that are authorized to publish the principal research findings of doctoral (candidate's) dissertations (the VAK List, it was established by the Decision of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and entered into force on December 01, 2016). The general assessment of the journals that include more than 380 titles is carried out by analyzing their bibliometric indicators in the system of the Russian Science Citation Index, in particular, by examining the values of their impact factors. The analysis conducted at the Institute of Socio-economic Development of Territories of RAS shows that a relatively small number of economic journals publish a significant proportion of articles that obtain a large share of citations. The author reveals that the new VAK List includes over 50% of journals specializing in economic sciences, which have a lower level of citation or which are virtually not cited at all...
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Economic journal: problems and prospects of promotion at the national and international level
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The increasing importance of scientific journals for the development of academic science in general, for outlining the main research priorities, for establishing the integrity of research space and continuity of scientific process sets out new issues connected with the development and promotion of scientific titles at the national and international level. The article generalizes the publishing experience of the journal “Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast”, issued by the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author gives the characteristics of the Journal as a scientific publication devoted to the analysis and forecast of changes in the economy and social sphere in different countries, regions and local areas. Special attention is paid to the evaluation of the title according to several dynamic parameters. The article outlines long-term objectives for promotion of the Journal at the national and international level.
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Ред. заметка
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The article analyses the efficiency and economic feasibility of autonomous power supply by the example of several cogeneration plants (mini-CHPs) operating in the industrial and municipal enterprises of the Republic of Belarus. The article also focuses on some important features of the energy sector, in particular the problem of cross-subsidies and tariffs in the energy sector. The results and main economic indicators of the exploitation of a number of cogeneration plants, constructed in the Republic over the last eight years, are presented and analysed in detail. The article is based on the detailed study of the economy of each object in particular and on the comparison of the results by the parameters of economic efficiency of all of the objects under study in general. Certain disadvantages and advantages of this direction in the energy sector of the country are defined. A number of problems and tasks, revealed on the basis of a long-standing generalised experience in designing, construction and exploitation of cogeneration plants in the Republic, and requiring thorough investigation and resolution are identified.
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