Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1659
Dynamics and structure of the Russia's population in the future
Статья научная
In the article the author is giving probable variants of Russia’s demographic development on the basis of the analysis of the statistical and sociological researches’ data.
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Статья научная
The chemical industry in Russia is of great importance for industrial production, agriculture and the consumer sector. This industry in the Russian Federation has a rather low share in GDP (less than 2%), and produces goods with relatively low added value: mineral fertilizers, nitrogen compounds, plastics, synthetic resins and rubbers. The chemical industry is characterized by imports consistently prevailing over exports. Thus, for 2013-2020 average excess of imports over exports in value terms was 62.6% or 16.3 billion US dollars. Mineral fertilizers occupy a key share (44.1%) in the structure of chemical exports, producing revenues of about 64.2 billion US dollars over eight years. While the bulk of imports fell on pharmaceutical products (39.2%) with a total volume of purchases amounting to 91.2 billion US dollars. Significant reduction in the average cost of an export ton of chemical products by 40% to 324 US dollars became a negative trend in foreign trade. The aim of the work is to identify key trends in foreign trade in Russian chemical industry products, which will become an information and analytical base to work out and adopt strategic decisions aimed at the development of the industry based on the principles of import substitution and deepening processing. The object is the relations that arise between the Russian Federation and foreign countries regarding export and import of chemical products. We use methods such as comparative, dynamic and specific weight analysis, and systematization. The information base includes data from the Federal Customs Service on export-import activities of the Russian chemical industry; Russian and foreign literature on the functioning of the industry under sanctions; data from information, news and analytical agencies.
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Dynamics of investment in fixed capital in the economy of the northern regions
Статья научная
The article describes characteristics and trends of investment in fixed capital of the Northern regions. It singles out phases of rapid pre-crisis growth, crisis, post-crisis growth and stagnation. Stagnation and decline in recent years are caused by completed major investment projects, reduced own funds of enterprises, limited availability of investment resources and increased capital outflow. The article reveals that the growth of investment in fixed capital of the North in the post-crisis period is provided by the regions, carrying out major investment in oil and gas pipeline transport, oil extraction, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. The changes in the sectoral structure of investment in fixed capital of the Northern regions are barely visible; the share of investment in the traded sector is still high, especially in mining, due to the Northern regions’ specialization in the extractive industries. The share of investment in the public sector and social services remains low...
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Dynamics of mortality in Russia in the context of the epidemiologic transition concept
Статья научная
The article briefly presents a modern view on the concept of epidemiologic transition, reflects features of its course in Russia: a lag of the main stages compared to the developed countries of the world and Europe, implementation of accelerated transition, layering of unresolved problems of previous phases. The author considers half-century dynamics of mortality of the Russian population in comparison with the world average and indicators of some developed countries, demonstrating its backlog, despite the overall positive trend. The work confirms persistence of high mortality of the Russian working-age population; presents calculations of demographic, socio-economic losses from premature deaths of citizens of this cohort. It states that external causes of death bring the largest demographic and socio-economic damage in the country and in the region: in Russia they account for 35% of all losses in PYLL and 2.45% of the total volume of GRP and 27 in the Vologda Oblast - 27% of all losses in PYLL and 2.7% of the total GRP...
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Dynamics of reading habits of modern Russian students: a sociological analysis
Статья научная
The features of reading habits and their transformation are the subject of interdisciplinary scientific analysis, as well as of a broad public discussion about the effective response of the Russian state to the challenges of a technogenic society. The areas of sociological reflection on this phenomenon are quite broad, such as the reading crisis, interest in books, the impact of globalization, e-books and other electronic formats for reading. Sociological analysis allows finding answers to questions about the state and features of reading habits as a component of social capital, the social quality of specific geographical, social and demographic groups. Bookishness (love and respect for books) is an important feature of the Russian mentality, an indicator of socio-cultural continuity, which is why the study of reading habits of modern Russian students' culture acquires particular relevance. This article presents the results of a sociological research conducted in Astrakhan and Volgograd (2016, 2019), as well as in Moscow (2019). These empirical studies provide insights into the main trends in the dynamics of the reading habits of modern Russian students, and help to conduct a comparative analysis of these habits of Russian cities' students, among other things in terms of socio-cultural space levels (the “core - periphery” coordinate system). We identified the dominance of the axiological component of reading habits; determined that classical literature is the basis of the content structure of reading; noted that the frequency of reading habits falls with decreasing population of the settlement - people read more in Moscow, less in the province. We think it would be promising to use the results and conclusions in monitoring studies and sociological projects on similar topics in other regions, and to continue studying the obtained results in the framework of interdisciplinary analysis.
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Статья научная
The goal of the paper is to study the dynamics of competitiveness of the population in one of the large Siberian regions (on the materials of Krasnoyarsk Krai). We use the socio-cultural approach (RAS Corresponding Member N.I. Lapin) and appropriate methodological tools in the research. Traditional and market motivation of people and their labor preferences are analyzed for the first time as socio-cultural indicators of competitiveness. Labor preferences act in the form of orientation toward working at enterprises (organizations) belonging to various forms of ownership. We show that in the majority of foreign economic studies, competitiveness is considered as the quality and ability to achieve one’s own goals at the international level with one’s own products and services. Many publications are devoted to comparative studies of competitiveness at the level of enterprises (firms). Interdisciplinary phenomena such as human capital and education are also studied in this context...
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Dynamics of the RF presidents' activities approval by the region's population
Ред. заметка
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Eco-economic evaluation of emission treatment technologies efficiency at thermal power stations
Статья научная
The article substantiates the necessity of introducing the best available emission treatment technologies at thermal power plants. It studies in detail the available technologies of removing sulphur dioxide from thermal power stations’ emissions. The article proposes a methodology for evaluating eco-economic efficiency of using the best available technology on the example of sulphur dioxide emissions treatment by thermal power stations.
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Ecological and economic relations development in the innovation economy
Статья научная
The article offers the analysis of efficiency of nature management tools in an innovation economy. The analysis is based on the innovations introduced by Mondi Syktyvkar in the field of environment protection. The authors stands for the differential approach with implementation of economic and administrative tools.
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Ecological business as the major direction of the regional development's ecologization
Статья научная
The regional ecological business' problems, its place and its role in the regional economy in conditions of its transition to the model of the steady innovational development are considered in the article.
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Ecological capital operation mode and path of Poyang lake eco-economic zone
Статья научная
In recent years, ecological capital has begun to draw the attention of the theoretical circle as a concept by which people enhance their understanding of the importance of ecological resources. Through market-oriented means, people strengthen the ecological capital operation to solve the problem of the deteriorating ecological environment, which also gradually get attention from all sectors of society. However, there are still few scholars to carry out in-depth studies on regional ecological capital from the perspective of operation mode and operation path. This study constructs a ecological capital operation mode of Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone and explores a mode operation path with Poyang Lake Eco- Economic Zone as specific object of study. Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone has abundant ecological resources, therefore how to convert these ecological resources into ecological capital is the key to achieve green development in Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone, and also an important link in Jiangxi’s ecological civilization construction...
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Ecological compensation mechanism in water conservation area: a case study of Dongjiang river
Статья научная
The appropriate economic compensation from downstream to upstream watershed is important to solve China’s social and economic imbalances between regions and can potentially enhance water resources protection and ecological security. The study analyzes the implementation of ecological compensation policy and related legal basis under ecological compensation mechanism theory and practice patterns, based on current natural environment and socio-economic development of national origin in Dongjiang water conservation areas. Under the principle of “Users pay”, the Dongjiang River is the subject of ecological compensation and recipient. By using the “cost-benefit analysis” and “cost method of industrial development opportunity”, we estimate that the total ecological compensation amounted to 513.35 million yuan. When estimated by the indicators such as water quantity, water quality and water use efficiency, we establish the “environmental and ecological protection cost sharing model” and measure the total cost of protecting downstream watershed areas, the Guangdong Province, is about 108.61 million yuan. The implementation of the Dongjiang source region that follows the principles of ecological compensation and approaches are also designed.
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Ecological protection in underdeveloped areas of China (the case study of Hubei province)
Статья
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Ecological protection of underdeveloped regions in china: a case study of Jiangxi province
Статья научная
The article presented scientific approaches to ecological protection in the underdeveloped regions of China. It describes its organization in the periods of economic recovery and rapid economic development. The article also covers acute issues concerning the enhancement of ecological protection at present.
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Статья научная
Social factors of endogenous economic growth are becoming the subject of modern research increasingly frequently. The contribution of human capital individual parameters and income inequality indicators are the most studied ones. Cross-country studies lead to conflicting conclusions. The results of Russian research are generally unambiguous, since the regional level of analysis is more similar in terms of institutional conditions and the level of socio-economic development. However, they do not define the nature of the impact of a number of significant social indicators on regional economic growth. In this regard, the purpose of the paper is to determine the nature of the influence of a set of social indicators on the regional economic growth dynamics by means of econometric modeling tools. The methodological basis is made up by the epistemological tools, in particular, system, hypothesis-deductive and dialectical approaches, as well as the methods of content analysis and econometric modeling. The most significant results characterizing the scientific novelty of the presented research include the following: 1) it is determined that the impact of the population's birth rate, mortality and morbidity on GRP corresponds to the nature of the dependencies identified for countries having experienced the second demographic transition; 2) it is established that the character of influence of the indicators of “life expectancy”, and “the number of students studying in bachelor, specialist, master degree programs” and “the number of employees with higher education in the region's economy” on the GRP does not correspond to the trends in developed countries; 3) it is proved that the inconsistency of the obtained results is a consequence of the underestimation of human capital as the main factor in the development of the Russian economy at the present stage; 4) the extent and consequences of the restraining effect of the analyzed social indicators on the dynamics of regional economic growth are determined. Based on the results of econometric modeling, the priorities of regional socio-economic policy for the medium term are identified, depending on the level of their impact. The authors associate the prospects for future research with a deeper study of the impact of life expectancy and mortality factors on the regional economic growth, as well as the verification of this model for the entire set of regions of the Russian Federation.
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Economic activity in Russian regions
Статья научная
The paper deals with the issues of concentration of economic activity in Russian regions influenced not only by factors of the “first nature” - presence of minerals, fertile land, favorable geographic position, but also by factors of the “second nature”, in particular, the agglomeration effects and potential savings in the scale. Analysis of the geographic concentration and the region-specific focus reflects the general trend in the concentration of industrial production, investment and human resources, provides the necessary information framework for a harmonized economic policy. The purpose for the study is to theoretically justify and analyze economic activity concentration in terms of assessment of concentration and specialization of Russian regions over time. The paper reveals terminological aspects of concentration, agglomeration, specialization, agglomeration economics and urbanization. The applied methodological tools of assessment include the localization factor, Herfindahl-Hirschman and Krugman concentration and specialization indices, Gini index...
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Economic and qualimetric assessment of pine and spruce species in the Vologda oblast
Статья научная
The Vologda Oblast is among the wooded regions of Russia. Wood requirements of our region, neighboring territories and other countries have been covered for many decades due to the intensive exploitation of forests. At present, the Vologda Oblast that increases production volumes is a leader in wood felling and processing. Intensive forest exploitation has deteriorated the quality and species of wood and reduced the share of valuable coniferous plantations. It is possible to solve these problems due to growing economically valuable species of wood in the logged areas. Economic and qualimetric analysis of pine and spruce species in the Vologda Oblast proves that it is reasonable to grow spruce species in the southern taiga subzone in order to produce pulp wood. This will increase the pulpwood productivity of forest plantations and efficiency of timber production in the region.
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Economic and social changes in Russia's coal industry during the crisis
Статья научная
In this article the features of the global economic crisis’ influence in its sharp phase (the 4th quarter of 2008 and the first half of 2009) on Russia’s coal industry are considered. It is shown, that its restructuring in 1994 - 2007 allowed to alleviate the global crisis’ influence. Major factors of the crisis’ negative influence and basic anti-recessionary actions are formulated. Attributes of the branch’s outlet from the crisis are designated. Opportunities and prospects of the coal-mining industry’s development are appreciated within the framework of Russia’s Power Strategy till 2030 and necessity of the transition from the fuel circuit of development to the coal-mining industry’s diversity on the basis of the state innovational policy is shown.
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Economic behavior: analysis and prospects
Статья научная
Efficient social policy should be based on the understanding of strategies which Russian families use for adaptation to a difficult economic situation in the country. This understanding is promoted by regular research into people’s consumer behaviour and by sociological surveys of savings strategies. Scientists are studying the investment behaviour of population. Consumer behaviour, savings behaviour and investment behaviour are the elements of economic behaviour of population. The integrated research into these components gives the greatest effect for enhancing the efficiency of social policy. The “Taganrog” Project is one of such integrated studies. This project has been implemented within forty years; its main purpose is to study various aspects of life of households in this southern city that used to be an industrial city.
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