Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1587
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the urgent research issues on the integration and modelling of foreign economic activity from the little-studied aspect of the system of relations “country - region of another country”. The authors examine the background and the tendencies of development of trade and economic integration of the NWFD regions and the Republic of Belarus. The need for use of mathematic tools to model and to predict the integration processes is founded in the article. The authors describe the mathematic apparatus of gravitation, econometric and inter-branch models. In the range of gravitation model the researchers make regression equations to predict the foreign trade turnover and export of the Republic of Belarus to the Russian Federation.
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Foreign experience of hydrocarbon resources development at the arctic continental shelf
Статья научная
The article examines the experience of hydrocarbon resources of the Arctic zone of the world's leading oil and gas powers in order to identify effective socio-economic approaches to the development of hydrocarbon deposits in the public interest and possible future use in modern Russian conditions. A comparative analysis of natural resources development models by different states and conclusions about their effectiveness are given. The authors discuss aspects of an effective industrial policy in the upstream oil and gas sector in the region, taking into account a wide range of socio-economic problems in various stages of deposits development. The article also addresses the problems of relationships between the state and the oil and gas business, formation of an effective strategy for managing the development of hydrocarbon resources.
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Foreign experience of technology transfer and its application in Russia
Статья научная
The article provides an overview of foreign experience in technology transfer and commercialization. It describes the peculiarities and drawbacks of organizing technology transfer in Russia. In addition, the article proposes the directions for applying foreign experience in the country’s innovation system.
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Статья научная
Nowadays Russian Federation is one of the world leaders according to the number of international labor migrants it receives. Russia is among the top ten countries according to the volume of remittances from foreign workers to their countries of origin. However, it is impossible to provide an exact statistical estimate for the total number of foreign citizens working in the Russian labor market since there continue to exist certain legal regimes within the post-Soviet area concerning entry into Russia and staying there. The present research analyzes a methodology for an indirect estimate of the overall number of foreign workers in the Russian labor market. The methodology is based on the data on money transfers to migrants' countries of origin, on the estimate of their income in Russia and on the structure of their usage. The research reveals that according to the “medium scenario” in 2017 there were about 7.2 million foreigners working in Russia, and only 2.9 million of them worked legally. The following conclusion can be made: about 60% of foreign workers in Russia are not included in the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia and the General Administration for Migration Issues under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The estimate of the foreign workers' contribution to Russian GDP is based on the overall number of foreign labor migrants in Russia. According to our estimate, their contribution was around 6.4% in 2017.
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Статья научная
The paper gives substantiation for the implementation of cluster policy in Russia as the key way of increasing the competitiveness of the country. The analysis of foreign and domestic experience of cluster formation was carried out. The concept of cluster supporting framework of the regions of Russia, considering clusters as a node element of the economy and promoting the binding of disparate elements of economic space, is proposed. The algorithm for implementation of cluster policy in the regions of Russia is proposed. The experience of its practical implementation in the Republic of Bashkortostan is given.
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Formation and functioning of the national innovation system
Статья научная
The article presents conceptualization of such notions as “innovation”, “innovativeness”, “innovation activity”, “national innovation system”. It contains a structural model of this system, describes its main functions in the process of implementing the state scientific-technical innovation policy in Belarus.
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Formation of inequality of Russia's population
Статья научная
The article consistently reveals the process of formation of population’s socio-economic inequa- lity since the Soviet period up to the present. The author identifies and analyzes the factors that played the most important role in this connection, such as price liberalization, hyperinflation, privatization, the depreciation of savings, increase in wages differentiation, unemployment, the change of population’s income structure, development of shadow economy.
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Formation of regional budget in crisis
Статья научная
As is known, in December 2009 Legislative Assembly enacted a law «On Regional Budget for 2010». The budget is formed by the conservative scenario, based on projected economic growth of 2.5%. The analysis of the main financial area of the law, conducted by ITSED RAS, showed that the current year will be a serious test of the regional budget system. The budget deficit of the Vologda region is the highest among the donors regions. It is 28%. Nevertheless, despite the tense situation, the reserves increase revenue and reduce costs in the area are available.
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Formation of scientific and educational values in the system of youth motivation
Статья научная
The system of values is the “foundation” of the attitude toward the world. In the modern information society, the motivational and target component of work with the younger generation should lead to the formation of an “integrative profile” of an individual who possesses professional competencies of a high level that are in demand in research and educational spheres, as well as in project activities. Motivation is largely determined not only by internal characteristics of an individual, but also by the ways in which activity is carried out; this activity in the process of its implementation should be targeted, directional, predictable and analytical, with monitoring, evaluation of efficiency and adjustment of its implementation, i.e. it should be conscious activity. Our goal is to identify new mechanisms of state stimulation of topical and priority areas of youth policy in the field of university science and identify possible routes for the development of values. We adhere to the basic idea of the need to take into account value orientations in the development of state youth policy. Desk research and sociological research were used as the main methods of the work. The desk study was conducted by analyzing the main directions of the state policy in the field of science and technology, normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, state programs and projects, and publications of international organizations. The study collected data on existing forms and measures of incentives and support for student youth. In order to test theoretical approaches to motivation and identification of the main factors contributing to youth participation in research activities, a sociological study was conducted among university students.
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Forming of the regional institutions of spatial development of the Russian Federation
Статья научная
This paper reviews the ability and willingness of regions and municipalities to upgrade spatial development using a systemic approach to the selection of programme-project priorities and institutions of market development. The potential of individual factors and institutions in the areas of systemic modernization of regions and territories is reviewed; the need for programme-project upgrade of the federal structure of the Russian Federation is substantiated. New institutions of regional development - self-development of the regions and municipalities, the formation of business area, program-project planning, spatial development etc. are proposed.
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Статья научная
The article presents findings of a sociological research on the process of formation of social practices of citizens’ participation in the development of the urban environment. Creating a new, peoplefriendly urban space involves taking into account the interests of various population groups and working out the mechanisms for citizens’ involvement in urban management. The purpose of the work is to identify main ways for engaging citizens in the development of the urban environment by analyzing the processes of institutionalization. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research includes works devoted to social institutions and institutionalization, social movements as institutionalization agents, the right of citizens to participate in urban development, and the issues of civic participation in designing urban spaces. The analysis has identified main participants (actors) whose interests are affected when the issue concerning the development of the urban environment is formulated and addressed. We consider two processes of formation of the rules according to which the actors perform their functions in public arenas: from below through habitualization or from above as an import of social institutions. We show the differences in the process and results of institutionalization of civic engagement in the presence or absence of a conflict of interests among the main actors: society, government, business community. We compare the processes according to the following parameters: the nature of institutional changes, relations and actions, type of institutional changes, structure of political opportunities, and civic engagement levels. We draw conclusions about how the orientation of the processes affects the nature of civic participation. In particular, the loss of the “partnership” and “delegation of authority” stages in the process of institutionalization from above indicates a formal and imitative nature of the practices of civic participation in urban development. The novelty of the work consists in comparing the oppositely directed processes of institutionalization of civic participation (from below and from above) on the example of a specific sphere such as urban development.
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Статья научная
Political, economic and social events of recent years, taking place in all of the countries, when economic institutions and systems are destroyed in a short time under the influence of negative external factors, indicate the need to create resilient socio-economic territorial systems. This problem is essential to rural areas that are most vulnerable to negative external impacts, which confirms the relevance of finding ways and directions to ensure their sustainable development. Our previous research has shown that the formation of an entrepreneurial ecosystem of rural areas, substantiating the institutions of their development, can ensure sustainability of socio-economic development of rural areas and increase their resilience. The article proposes a model for building strategies for the development of entrepreneurial organizations within the entrepreneurial ecosystem, aimed at ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas and increasing the competitive environment of the ecosystem. The purpose of the article is to develop a factor model for building entrepreneurial strategies of entrepreneurial organizations that adequately meet the role of the rural entrepreneurial ecosystem in the current conditions of development of Russian rural areas. The strategic development concept is usually applied in the analysis of large corporate organizations. It is believed that small businesses, exposed to external factors, must use adaptive tactics and cannot formulate and implement a strategy for their development. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and the results of a survey of entrepreneurs on the example of the Sverdlovsk Oblast of the Russian Federation, we found that rural entrepreneurs seek to determine strategic directions of their development. The article presents approaches to the disclosure of relevant factors that determine the model for choosing a development strategy for rural entrepreneurial organizations. The information base of the study includes research works of Russian and foreign scientists on the topic under consideration, as well as the results of a thematic survey. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt has been made to build a factor model for strategic development of rural entrepreneurs within the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystem of rural areas.
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Статья научная
Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization has serious risks for the economy of the Republic of Belarus. This will affect such sectors of the Belarusian economy dominating in exports to Russia as agriculture, machine-building, chemical industry. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a detailed analysis of the rules and regulations that exist in the economy in the nearest future. For this purpose, the methods of harmonization and unification of external economic relations between Belarus and Russia have been developed. The practical application of the developed methods will reveal the non-compliance of them with WTO law enforcement practice, which will give an opportunity to take immediate action to minimize losses in this sphere because of Russia’s accession to WTO.
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Free port of Vladivostok: development conditions, prospects, risks
Статья научная
One of the priority directions of Russia's state policy with regard to territories' development is the development of the Far Eastern region. The free port of Vladivostok is one of the key projects that are currently being implemented in the southern part of Primorsky Krai and they focus on boosting the socio-economic development of Vladivostok city, Primorsky Krai and the Far Eastern region as a whole. The goal of this research is to consider the conceptual issues of the free port of Vladivostok, to outline the conditions and prospects of its operation and identify risks associated with its future development. The article defines the modern concept of “free port”, characterizes historical experience of the “free port” regime in Vladivostok in the end of the 19th century, substantiates the strategic importance of using the free port of Vladivostok as a tool of intensive growth of Russian Far Eastern territories. The article also discloses the essence of the free port of Vladivostok as a means to promote free entrepreneurship, which is used to increase freight traffic through the port of Vladivostok, increase foreign trade, attract new investments, create new industries and develop the port's infrastructure...
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From a Robinson Crusoe economy to a pure exchange economy
Статья научная
The pure exchange model is considered as the first stage of the analysis of a simple exchange economy; at that, the research is based on the patterns of behavior of the “economic man” that were identified while studying the Robinson Crusoe model. The interpretation at this stage of production as an exogenous factor helps to determine in “pure form” the forces leading to the formation of exchange relations, to introduce into analysis and to reveal basic features of the main phenomena and processes in the sphere of circulation. Proceeding from well-known approaches to the impact of redistribution of the initial bundle of goods on the individual well-being of members of society, we pay considerable attention to the difference between the exchange of bundles of goods and the exchange of individual goods, the two possible forms of exchange that implement such redistribution. While studying the market form of exchange, we additionally analyze the known options for achieving general equilibrium - on the basis of equilibrium and a series of non-equilibrium proportions of exchange. We show that due to institutional reasons, competition between the participants of the exchange, as a tool for reducing transaction costs, cannot eliminate the costs completely; therefore, the path of moving toward the contract surface inevitably turns out to be multi-stage, accompanied by the use of non-equilibrium proportions of exchange. But the final (limit) point on this path will necessarily be a point of general equilibrium, and the number of such points that can be reached from the initial position is infinitely large. The latter is explained by the multitude of proportions of exchange that can be used by its participants at each of the nodal points of the path. The paper develops our viewpoint formulated in an earlier publication: the possibility of introducing credit relations into the analysis at this stage is associated with the existence of consumer goods of long-term use. At the same time, only the goods of long-term use can serve as the object of the credit and it is impossible to single out an "interest rate component" in the supplies that ensure the repayment of the credit.
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From regional science to “smart cities”: intellectual legacies and possible ruptures
Статья научная
We have entered the 21st century facing a global trend of massive urbanization leading to an increasing concentration of population in relatively few, large cities. This exacerbates the share of GDP produced in cities (80%). Today, more than 54% of the world population lives in a city and this number will likely increase by the end of this century to 80%. This trend implies a redefinition of what a city, and what an agglomeration, is. There is then no doubt that the city has become the central point in various social sciences and that agglomeration economics have become an important topic in development economics. Smart Cities have become in this context an important topic in Regional science and in applied economics and geography. There is no doubt that the development of new technologies and especially information technologies have created their own issues. Actually, Smart cities are combining a production function and a housing and living environment one. But one can also see “Smart cities” as a new form of the industrial district issue...
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