Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1745
Статья научная
The transformations taking place in the socio-cultural space of Russia in the last three decades determine various aspects of human behavior, including economic behavior. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of the basic components of the socio-cultural space of the Arctic region on how the population develops economic behavior strategies, among which are values, norms, attitudes, social well-being, social capital, human capital, identity, and cultural consumption. The article provides a brief description of modern approaches to the study of economic behavior based on interdisciplinary links between economics, sociology and other sciences. Further, with the help of sociological research, we identify and describe trends in the economic behavior of the population of an Arctic region – the Arkhangelsk Region. With the help of G.S. Pospelov’s decision matrices we assess the influence of the components of the socio-cultural space on the choice of an economic behavior strategy and determine the structural hierarchy of the components according to the degree of this influence. In particular, we show that the impact of the basic components on economic behavior demonstrates high stability, while the most significant structural contribution is made by social well-being and the values of “materialism” / “post-materialism”. Scientific novelty of the research lies both in the application of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the economic behavior of the population of the Arctic region, and in assessing the impact of various structural elements of the socio-cultural space on the manifestation of a particular type of economic behavior of individuals and households (consumer, savings, and investment). Practical significance of the approach we propose is related to the possibility of its further use in order to design models and development programs for various Arctic territories and regions that differ in socio-economic, ethno-cultural and value characteristics and strategies of economic behavior of the population.
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Economic behavior: analysis and prospects
Статья научная
Efficient social policy should be based on the understanding of strategies which Russian families use for adaptation to a difficult economic situation in the country. This understanding is promoted by regular research into people’s consumer behaviour and by sociological surveys of savings strategies. Scientists are studying the investment behaviour of population. Consumer behaviour, savings behaviour and investment behaviour are the elements of economic behaviour of population. The integrated research into these components gives the greatest effect for enhancing the efficiency of social policy. The “Taganrog” Project is one of such integrated studies. This project has been implemented within forty years; its main purpose is to study various aspects of life of households in this southern city that used to be an industrial city.
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Economic efficiency of innovation production of removable building structures
Статья научная
Open joint stock company «Vologda building designs and road machines factory» realized the innovative program 454.3 million roubles worth of mobile buildings manufacturing in 2007 - 2009. That madepossible to double productivity of block-containers, increase sales volume from 1731.2 to 2183.9 million roubles, increase profit from 260 to 399.4 million roubles and keep personnel size in crisis years 2008 - 2009.
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Статья научная
The article deals with the current state and analysis of scientific and technical activities of the Khantyy-Mansiysk autonomous okrug - Ugra.
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Статья научная
The article examines regional peculiarities of the local market formation of fruit and berry production in the Russian North from the theoretic perspective of new economic geography. It examines modern market development trends, presents the economic estimation of the market development potential of fruit and berry production in the regions of the European North of the Russian Federation.
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Economic features of projects on the hydrocarbon shelf deposits development
Статья научная
The article shows a spectrum of economic issues of hydrocarbon marine deposits projects' development. Basic risks at stages of projects development are analyzed and risks mitigation actions are provided. Analysis of investment expenses of marine oil and gas fields in various environmental conditions is provided; resource indicators of hydrocarbon raw materials of Russia and states of Caspian region are given. Considerable attention is paid to management of projects development taking into account foreign experience of natural resources development. The article also considers safety and environment issues at development of shelf deposits.
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Статья научная
One of the vital problems of the 21st century is environmental pollution, unfavorable both locally and globally. Contaminants released into the soil, air, and water runoff pollute drinking water which leads to an increase in the number of epidemic outbreaks. Moreover, pollutants affect local ecosystems. And when the ecosystem dynamics change, the balance of organisms that provide us with clean air is disrupted. The main cause of the pollution problem is economic growth. It encourages intensive energy use which leads to an increase in СО2 emissions. It is important to understand how to reduce emissions while maintaining the pace of economic growth. To date, the emission-leading countries have fundamentally different economic structures, and therefore it seems necessary to conduct a comparative analysis of the economic growth impact on pollutant emissions for them. The paper considers the situation typical of the Russian regions and American states for the period from 2004 to 2018. We have used spatial econometric models to identify dependencies. The paper proves the existence of spatial correlation in the level of pollutant emissions in Russia’s regions and American states. We have confirmed the hypothesis that the dependence of emissions on economic growth in Russia’s regions has the form of an inverted U-shaped curve. The value of the GRP turning point, after reaching which the level of pollutant emissions will decrease, has shown that only in ten Russia’s regions, with GRP growth, emissions are reduced, and most regions are on the increasing part of the curve. For the United States, the estimates obtained are not significant, which proves the paramount importance of the structure of the country’s economy in the issue of the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth.
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Economic inequality of citizens beyond averages: assessment in the conditions of its transformation
Статья научная
Inequality in Russia has been at a consistently high level for 30 years, but it is not permanent or static. New forms of it are emerging, such as digital inequality, inequality of life and work balance, health inequality, inequality of the coronavirus crisis. The difference between the richest and poorest in food consumption in terms of volume is shrinking, but in terms of quality it is growing. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to improve approaches to the measurement of economic inequality of citizens on the basis of determining the features of its modern transformation. The hypothesis of the study is that economic inequality in Russia is transforming, and the existing approaches to its assessment do not allow us to comprehensively and objectively determine its current state, which leads to the ineffectiveness of the measures taken by the government to smooth it out. A comparative analysis of the classical indicators of economic inequality was conducted: the Gini coefficient, the Theil, Atkinson, Palma indices, R/P 10% ratio (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%), R/P 20% ratio (the ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%), decile differentiation ratio (the ratio of the lowest income in the tenth decile to the highest income in the first decile) and quintile differentiation ratio (the ratio of the lowest income in the fifth quintile to the highest income in the first quintile). The results of the assessment of inequality in Russia obtained by eight organizations (Rosstat, CIS Stat, World Bank, Luxembourg Income Study, Credit Suisse, World Inequality Database, UN Development Program, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) are compared. In Russia, income inequality remains consistently high, wealth inequality is excessive (Credit Suisse estimates the Gini coefficient at 0.88), and opportunity inequality is less significant in comparison to them. It is proved that the classical statistical indicators do not reflect the transformation of economic inequality, new markers are needed for this. Rosstat estimates income inequality and consumption inequality, leaving out wealth inequality and nonmonetary manifestations of economic inequality. Four directions for improving approaches to the diagnostics of economic inequality in Russia were identified: a qualitative assessment of the manifestations of consumption inequality, nonmonetary manifestations of economic inequality, wealth distribution and the increase in income differentiation within the groups of the wealthiest citizens.
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Статья научная
The issue of immigration management is one of the most complex and relevant both in academic science and practical politics. It polarizes public opinion and provokes fierce debate. One of the most important objective of the domestic policy of countries with a large number of immigrants is effective socio-economic integration of foreign cultural communities and consolidation of the civil society. The article deals with the general issues of integration of Muslim immigrants in the UK and France in the economy; provides data on their number, employment, income and social status compared with the ethnic majority. The information framework of the research includes official statistics, sociological surveys, analytics of government institutions and commissions, reports of well-known research centers and Muslim organizations. Due to the peculiarities of statistics it is impossible to directly compare the situation of British and French Muslims. Moreover, in the UK and France, migrant integration is carried out according to different historical models. The article demonstrates the specific features of each country in migrant resettlement, the position of Muslims in the labor market among various immigrant minorities, the issues of the national policy in fighting against discrimination and Islamophobia. The purpose of the article is to focus on objective quantitative and qualitative indicators of economic activity of Muslim immigrants in the two countries in question to overcome the existing stereotypes and political speculation. Analysis of the economic status of Muslims in the UK and France reveals a significant spread depending on the country of origin, country of birth, belonging to the first or the second generation of immigrants. The article concludes that the UK opens up more opportunities for the economic integration of Muslims than France.
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Economic journal in Russia: quality assessment issues
Статья научная
The paper attempts to assess economic journals included in the List of peer-reviewed scientific journals and editions that are authorized to publish the principal research findings of doctoral (candidate's) dissertations (the VAK List, it was established by the Decision of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and entered into force on December 01, 2016). The general assessment of the journals that include more than 380 titles is carried out by analyzing their bibliometric indicators in the system of the Russian Science Citation Index, in particular, by examining the values of their impact factors. The analysis conducted at the Institute of Socio-economic Development of Territories of RAS shows that a relatively small number of economic journals publish a significant proportion of articles that obtain a large share of citations. The author reveals that the new VAK List includes over 50% of journals specializing in economic sciences, which have a lower level of citation or which are virtually not cited at all...
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Economic journal: problems and prospects of promotion at the national and international level
Статья научная
The increasing importance of scientific journals for the development of academic science in general, for outlining the main research priorities, for establishing the integrity of research space and continuity of scientific process sets out new issues connected with the development and promotion of scientific titles at the national and international level. The article generalizes the publishing experience of the journal “Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast”, issued by the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author gives the characteristics of the Journal as a scientific publication devoted to the analysis and forecast of changes in the economy and social sphere in different countries, regions and local areas. Special attention is paid to the evaluation of the title according to several dynamic parameters. The article outlines long-term objectives for promotion of the Journal at the national and international level.
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Ред. заметка
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Статья научная
The article analyses the efficiency and economic feasibility of autonomous power supply by the example of several cogeneration plants (mini-CHPs) operating in the industrial and municipal enterprises of the Republic of Belarus. The article also focuses on some important features of the energy sector, in particular the problem of cross-subsidies and tariffs in the energy sector. The results and main economic indicators of the exploitation of a number of cogeneration plants, constructed in the Republic over the last eight years, are presented and analysed in detail. The article is based on the detailed study of the economy of each object in particular and on the comparison of the results by the parameters of economic efficiency of all of the objects under study in general. Certain disadvantages and advantages of this direction in the energy sector of the country are defined. A number of problems and tasks, revealed on the basis of a long-standing generalised experience in designing, construction and exploitation of cogeneration plants in the Republic, and requiring thorough investigation and resolution are identified.
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Economic reforms, modernization and the “special path” ideology in Russia
Статья научная
The article explores the “special path” ideology as a significant factor in Russia's economic modernization and development in the constructive context. The concept of the special path is considered within the perspective of the evolution of economics, emphasizing its differences from radical denial of universal laws. The special path is presented as a strategy for adapting institutions and policies to unique national and historical conditions, closely related to sovereignty and national interests. Research methods are based on the use of bidirectional LSTM neural networks for classifying texts of scientific articles by their ideological color and analyzing representation of bigrams in publications categorized as "special path" with the Lekta software product. The authors substantiate four main characteristics of the special path: economic sovereignty, historicism, adaptability and pragmatism. The special path is not considered to be a denial of universal laws, but rather as a way to adapt the institutional structure to national particularities. The study emphasizes the importance of considering historical context and practical experience when shaping economic policy, while criticizing attempts to mechanically adopt foreign models without consideration of national specifics. The “special path” ideology does not reject the achievements of science or the experience of reforms in other countries, but instead emphasizes the need to adapt them to the specific circumstances of Russia, including historical, institutional, and geopolitical factors. The synergy of sovereignty, historicism, flexibility, and pragmatism is seen as the foundation for developing a strategy for modernization that can ensure sustainable development in an uncertain world. China’s success in implementing this approach demonstrates its feasibility
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Статья научная
Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization provides the domestic agribusiness with a fundamentally new economic and organizational-legal business environment. The article analyzes the financial condition of agricultural organizations in the Vologda Oblast, indicates increasing acuity of the problems in the industry and identifies the economic risks for the agricultural commodity producers of the northern region in the context of Russia’s membership in WTO. It substantiates the top priority measures to improve the financial sustainability of agricultural organizations and the need for changes in the mechanism of state support for the industry.
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Статья научная
Modern research highlights the role of technological gaps and heterogeneity of innovative development in differentiating the level and pace of economic growth. This actualizes the analysis of trends in convergence and divergence of levels of innovative development of territories and the identification of special technological clubs within which regions develop convergently. The study systematizes theoretical and empirical approaches to the analysis of differentiation of economic development, understood as a result of differentiation of innovative development. A methodology has been designed to analyze the dynamics and differentiation of innovation activity of Russian enterprises over a long period of development (2010–2023 with details for 2010–2014, 2015–2018 and 2019–2023), taking into account changes in the methodology of statistical observation. An important feature of the methodology is tracking the innovative development of territories both in terms of the costs of innovation activities and the production of innovative goods, which allows using a common economic grouping of regions. The trends in regional innovative development have been identified in terms of changes in innovation activity and its differentiation within the economic groups of regions, which allowed formulating some hypotheses about the relationship between innovative and economic development of Russia’s regions; the hypotheses are to be tested in future studies
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Статья научная
The article presents some research data concerning the economic situation and social state of population in the North-West federal district regions of the RF and in the Republic of Belarus, the research conducted by ITSED RAS and Institute of Sociology NAS RB in 2009. The article contains a comparative analysis of the following: the population attitude towards political situation and economic situation in the country and in the regions, some urgent social problems, the financial and economic crisis effects on family welfare and the level of protest public mood.
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Статья научная
The article under consideration observes the results of the integrated public opinion monitoring held by ITSED RAS at the territory of 10 North-West federal district subjects, since 2005. It contains information about socioeconomic status and political moods of NWFD regions' population amid the economic crisis. The article presents index analysis which enables to summarize the situation in NWFD and also to make comparative analysis of changes in public mood of NWFD population.
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