Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
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In the Czech Republic, the concept of social entrepreneurship is still being developed and lacks, for example, systematic public support and regulation. In addition, the total number of social enterprises operating in the Czech Republic is low and thus, the concept of social entrepreneurship cannot reach its potential. To accelerate this development, raising awareness of social entrepreneurship among the Czech population may be important. Based on the survey carried out among 200 possible stakeholders of Czech social enterprises we explored the awareness and attitudes of selected groups of people towards social entrepreneurship. These groups of people are disabled people as typical employees of Czech social enterprises and university students as possible future founders of these enterprises. Our research project focuses on three issues: i) the level of awareness of the concept of social entrepreneurship among university students and disabled people; ii) the position of disabled people in the current labour marketiii) the willingness of students to become entrepreneurs and to start business with social purpose. During the research, we used the method of structured questionnaires. The research shows that the awareness of the concept of social entrepreneurship is generally low. Nevertheless, students consider becoming entrepreneurs and starting a business with social purpose. The research also shows that according to the opinion of the respondents, it is difficult to find employment as a disabled person and that the current labour market does not offer enough vacant positions which could be interesting for these persons. From this perspective, we can assess further development of Czech social enterprises (especially of Work Integration Social Enterprises) as very important.
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Balanced development of the region based on promoting socially oriented non-profit organizations
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The effectiveness of managing the regional economic system depends on many factors, including the willingness of authorities to involve non-governmental economic actors in addressing social issues. In this aspect, the functioning of socially oriented non-profit organizations is of great importance. The aim of our study, using the tools of a systems approach, is to develop directions to improve the system for managing balanced development of the region by promoting socially oriented non-profit organizations. The work is based on the results of foreign and Russian research, and the data from the research commissioned by the Grants Fund of the Governor of the Perm Territory in 2020-2022 using qualitative sociological methods. We analyze the system for managing balanced development of the regional economic system using the example of the Perm Territory, regarding the work of socially oriented non-profit organizations. Based on the criteria related to the ability of organizations to diversify the budget and the range of tasks performed, we identify conditional types of socially oriented non-profit organizations. We determine the directions for optimizing the external and internal environment in order to create institutional conditions for their development on a systems and long-term basis in the region. We propose an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the region’s balanced development by promoting socially oriented non-profit organizations; this mechanism is determined by the cyclical nature of stimulating SONPO development and the choice of prevailing methods of managerial influence depending on the stage of the organization’s life cycle. We prove that socially oriented non-profit organizations are perceived primarily as an object of state support; this fact limits the possibilities of using their potential in the region. We conclude that it is necessary to find a new approach to these organizations so that they would be perceived as active economic entities, which requires improving the institutional conditions for the activities of socially oriented non-profit organizations and including them in the management system for balanced development of the regional economic system.
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The author considers the issue regarding modernization change in the set of economic, social and cultural transformations. The paper looks into the essence of modernization, its importance to man and society, and the problems of its implementation in Russia and regions. In the framework of various modernization doctrines quite a few theoretical-methodological concepts were designed to explain possible aspects of social development. The purpose of this study is to assess the degree of coherence among the economic, social, and cognitive components of the modernization process in the macro-region of the Russian Federation. The study has the following tasks: to review the data on evolutionary processes of modernization, obtained by the author in the framework of the program “Problems of sociocultural evolution of Russia and its regions” (supervisor - RAS Corresponding Member N.I. Lapin); to consider methods for measuring modernization and analyzing its components; to assess the consistency of these components in regions of the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) in 2000-2012...
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Over the past few centuries, humanity has made the transition from a “society without the elderly” to an “aging society”. The consequences of global population ageing entail changes not only in the economic and demographic space, but also in the social space. At the same time, this category of consequences caused by the increase in the share and number of representatives of the older generation is the least amenable to empirical measurements and forecasting. One of the most important tasks of the “ageing” states is to solve the problem of social integration and secondary socialization of the elderly, but in the conditions of increasing technological progress there emerges a powerful structural barrier, which is expressed in the growing communication distance between generations. The “generation gap” issue originates in ancient times, but at the moment in the context of global demographic aging it is becoming increasingly important. The aim of our research is to study barriers to social integration of the older generation in the context of intergenerational communication...
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Barriers to the fulfillment of young people's potential in their work activities
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Young people comprise a special social community: on the one hand, it is most open to innovation and to new models of behavior; on the other hand, it is vulnerable from the viewpoint of competition for certain benefits and opportunities. The reason for the latter consists largely in a lack of social experience, whereby young people find themselves at a disadvantage compared to other socio-demographic groups. The paper highlights the problems that young people face when entering the labor market, and the initial problems are those related to the process of employment. Particular attention is paid to the use of young people's labor potential. A monitoring of the qualitative state of labor potential in the Vologda Oblast is used to consider the factors that prevent young people from implementing their potential in work activities. According to the analysis, the main factors that impede the use of young people's abilities and qualities on the labor market include lack of professional knowledge, employment outside one's specialty, inconvenient working hours, mismatch between the work, abilities and inclinations, lack of interest in the chosen profession...
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Basic provisions of Russia's innovation industrialization concept
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The article deals with the basic provisions of Russia’s innovation modernization concept
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Beyond teaching and research: stakeholder perspectives on the evolving roles of higher education
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Many scholars have observed that the traditional teaching and research functions ascribed to higher education have now expanded to involve a wider range of objectives and actors in response to changing internal and external demands. However, the available literature on the topic lacks accounts reflecting stakeholder perspectives. This paper aims to respond to this limitation by implementing a content analysis of 12 semi-structured interviews with European and international experts in the field of higher education. More specifically, it sketches their views on higher education institutions’ roles considering current and emerging imperatives and the tensions and contradictions arising from the evolution of their conventional functions. The results show that higher education institutions are perceived to serve a combination of multiple roles: as enablers of skills and attributes, co-creators and users of knowledge, intermediaries between social actors, instigators of social change, and active agents of their own transformation. This finding aligns with literature in terms of the diverse and relational nature of modern higher education institutions’ operations. While desirable, their fulfilment generates several tensions and contradictions: such as responding to global vs. regional trends, adopting flexibility vs. standardization, pursuing excellence and competitiveness vs. inclusion, competing logics, and managing institutional inertia. The study can benefit educational managers and researchers by offering new insights into generating networked action and building ecosystems as higher education reconfigures its roles to navigate the changing social and economic landscape.
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Birth rate, number of children and family income: trends and relationships
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The relevance of the study of the relationship between the trends of birth rate, the number of children and family income is increasing in the context of the unfavorable demographic dynamics in most regions of the country. In this regard, the search for ways to influence the achievement of a desirable model of childbearing simultaneously meeting the interests of society and families remains a priority task. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of the level of the number of children on the conditions of family life support in the Northern sparsely populated region, where the signs of the traditional type of birth rate are preserved. In accordance with the goal and based on the materials of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the authors systematized and considered the current trends in the processes of birth rate and childbearing of families, traced the influence of the birth order factor on the level and differentiation of income and consumer behavior of families. The methodological basis of the research are the methods of demographic analysis, comparison, generalization, as well as methodological tools based on the normative method and the absolute monetary approach to income assessment, socio-demographic survey. The scientific novelty of the work consists in choosing the research object which is a region with centers of multi-child parenting, assessing the differentiation of family life support conditions depending on the number of children, substantiating the factor of material security as a significant tool for state regulation of fertility processes. The results of the research can be applied in the activities of federal and regional authorities when developing the programs for demographic and family policy, adjusting measures for the implementation of the national project “Demography”. In addition, the results obtained present a large empirical material which is necessary for further study of the issues related to the competition of individual or family life needs, the value of children, on the one hand, and investment in the human capital of children or in the family life support conditions, on the other.
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Changing structural proportions manifested in the narrowing of domestic demand for goods and services is a trend in modern development of the Russian economy, which experiences an impact of a system-wide economic crisis and the current foreign policy and foreign economic situation. This leads to underconsumption of goods and services, and thus to a reduction of incentives for enterprises to increase production. Meanwhile, stimulation of domestic consumer demand can be considered as a factor capable of ensuring economic growth. In this regard, there is a need for scientific substantiation of measures to promote domestic demand, which in the current economic conditions can change the structural relationships and thus ensure economic growth. In our study, an attempt is made to calculate the potential economic effect of stimulating Russian citizens' consumption of goods and services produced by domestic tourism sector. General scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization and original methodological tools based on input-output models are used as a methodological basis of the study...
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Branch analysis in the context of evolutionary development of economic systems
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Upgrading of Russian economy claims special attention to long-term problems of its development in order to make it stable and purposeful. The necessity to improve social and economic parameters and comprehensive innovation development of territorial economic systems requires elaboration of sound policy and regions' strategies in relation to regional branches that form their potential. The article proposes an approach to reform national economic sectors on the basis of their life cycle analysis and allocation of functional features of a single mesoeconomic system. The research is aimed at selecting key parameters of sectors' development at the regional level. The evolutionary approach that serves as the basis for the methodology gives an opportunity to determine the factors that have the greatest impact on life cycle dynamics. The article singles out the following main groups of factors: resources, product, technology, market, banking sector, public policy. By analyzing life cycles of the Yaroslavl region's chemical industries (synthetic rubber and carbon black production) it is concluded that the only way to ensure sustainable development of branches lies in the continuous implementation of innovations, a process affected by cyclicity and determined by factors of exogenous and endogenous nature.
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Budget capacity in the system of capacities of the territory: theoretical issues
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The paper considers theoretical and methodological aspects of budget capacity. Our goal is to determine the place and role of budget capacity in the system of capacities of the territory by studying the essence of this capacity. We define the concept of “capacity” and summarize the content of key elements of the system of territorial capacities. We analyze the evolution and modern interpretation of the term “budget capacity of the territory” on the basis of domestic and foreign works. We find out that so far there is no unique approach to the content of budget capacity in either domestic or foreign financial science. Scientific novelty of the paper is shown in the following: we carry out systematization and critical analysis of existing methodological approaches to the definition of budget capacity, consider the conceptual content of six main and optional approaches, and identify five key issues of the budget capacity methodology. First, many scientists, as well as Russian legislation, are investigating the problems of tax capacity alone...
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Budget crisis of the regions in 2013 - 2015: a threat to Russia's security
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The article continues the series of publications on the issues of budgetary sufficiency of the territories. Judging by the main budget parameters, the 2013 - 2015 period will be a serious challenge to the strength of sub-national budget systems. In the conditions of an acute debt crisis, Russian regions have to take up the bulk of public obligations of the Russian Federation concerning the implementation of the President’s election programmes. Of special concern is the reduction of federal financial support, which creates additional risks for the territorial budgets burdened with loans. However, despite the gravity of the situation, there still exist the reserves for implementing the President’s assignments and stabilizing the country’s budgetary system. The main of them concern the necessity of conducting the state policy in the sphere of business capital exports.
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Budget provision of municipal entities in the Vologda region: state, problems and improvement ways
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The article is a continuation of a series of studies on the problems of sustainable development of regional socio-economic systems. The main results of the analysis of the budgetary provision of municipal entities of the Vologda region in the period from 2004 to 2009 are presented. Factors affecting the state of the budgetary provision are identified; options to improve its level are shown.
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Статья научная
According to the Budget Code the budget process in the Russian Federation includes the following stages: drafting of a budget project; consideration and approval of the budget; budget execution; preparation of a report on the budget execution and its approval. The given stages are carried out in a strict sequence and are closely interlinked. The approved budget is in force during the budget period, which in the Russian Federation lasts 12 months from January 1 to December 31. The budget is adopted for the medium- term period of three years. On December 11, 2013 the Vologda Oblast Legislative Assembly members adopted the oblast budget for 2014 and for the planned period of 2015 and 2016 in the final reading. According to the Chairman of the Budget and Taxation Committee of the Vologda Oblast Legislative Assembly A.V. Kanaev, the project of the oblast budget is drafted in difficult economic conditions due to a negative impact of a significant public debt, a need to implement the May Decrees of the President and provision of local budgets balance...
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Budgets of regional centers in the north-west: tools for modernization or survival?
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The paper opens a series of studies on the development of regional administrative centers. We put forward a hypothesizes that the budgetary policy regarding regional centers does not correspond to their current budget condition and is not focused on such development that would turn cities into the pillars of the balanced and harmonious spatial development of Russia. In this regard, the goal of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the budget system and the conditions of its functioning in regional administrative centers. We use economic and mathematical methods and reveal that the changes in geopolitical and geo-economic conditions in Russia had a negative impact on the budget systems of regional centers; it was manifested in the predominance of financial assistance in the structure of total revenues, in the stable dynamics of imbalance and in a decrease in the level of budget security of the population. We use official data of Rosstat and the Federal Treasury to find out key trends in the development of regional centers of the North-West of Russia since 2011. We conclude that the budgets of regional centers are trying to survive and are not ready to implement social transformation and promote economic growth. Based on this, we define major development directions for regional centers. The materials of the paper can be of use in the educational sphere, in the study of financial and economic disciplines; they can also be used by scientists as a basis for further research and by management bodies of various levels to substantiate management decisions. Further research will be devoted to the study of the effectiveness of management of the budget of the regional center, the level of debt burden and the state of intergovernmental fiscal relations.
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Building a conceptual model of sector development and assessment of the system-building effect
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The article is devoted to forming a strategic vision of rabbit breeding sector taking into account the state priorities. The relevance of the topic is caused by the growing shortage of dietary meat consumption in Russia, which leads to deteriorating quality of food and reduces the quality of life. According to analysis of domestic research on the current problem, more attention is paid to studying the Soviet experience of planning, productionandresourceanalysisofthesectorandtheneedforitsdevelopment. Lackofexperience in strategic planning in rabbit breeding in domestic science has become the cause of vulnerability during the perestroika (reformation) period, resulting in a dramatic decline in production. In this regard, there is a need to improve the mechanisms of integrated development of the sector taking into account the general theory of strategizing. The purpose for the study is to develop a model of sustainable development of the rabbit breeding sector taking into account the assessment of the system-building effect of related activities...
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Social policy just like any other type of policy is an element of the management system. For effective social policy it is necessary to know the trends and quantitative characteristics of social development dynamics. The purpose for the research is to build an objective composite index to measure and compare the quality of life in constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Such an index is particularly useful in Russia which is undergoing the process of transformations amid increasing social and economic inequality. Objective complex assessment of the quality of life can play a major role in reducing such inequality in Russia. The author implements the algorithm of building a latent integral characteristic of system quality change based on statistical indicators for a series of sequential observations on the basis of principal components analysis given the measurement noise (SNR-based algorithm). As opposed to the classic principal components analysis where the information capacity of the calculated integral characteristic set a priori and is provided by selecting a number of principal components, in the proposed algorithm the information capacity is estimated a posteriori, based on variance criteria and the selected signal-to-noise ratio characterizing data variability...
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The article implements the econometric approach to the building of rating assessments of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The author defines three blocks of indicators for the construction of integral indices: “quality of the population”, “welfare of the population” and “quality of the social sphere”. They serve as the basis for determining the value of a single combined integral indicator. The author also gives recommendations on the improvement of the medical and demographic situation and enhancement of the “quality of the population” at the regional level.
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