Young researchers. Рубрика в журнале - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Agricultural consulting in the system of innovative agriculture development of the north
Статья научная
The formation and development of agricultural consulting in Northern and Arctic territories requires consideration of peculiarities of agriculture functioning. The article reviews the essence and specific features of agricultural consulting services. The author presents her definition of the relevant service, justifies the socio-economic background of the agricultural consulting system, explains the key role of this system in innovation development and transfer in the agricultural sector. The article studies the regional features of formation of information-consulting service in the agricultural sector of the Komi Republic influenced by types of agricultural structures, human and scientific-educational potential, innovative activity of agricultural enterprises and private farms. The author analyzes current activities of consulting services and factors constraining its development. To increase the coverage of the information-consulting service for agricultural producers and rural population, disseminate innovation for medium and small agricultural structures, the author has developed directions of the agricultural consulting system development and suggested the scheme of location and maintenance of inter-municipal agricultural consulting centers, their provision with specialist and financial resources...
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Assessment of labor potential of rural areas
Статья научная
The article presents the authors’ method to evaluate and analyze labor potential in rural areas. It is focused on the role of human factor in solving the problem of sustainable development of rural territories. It considers the need to apply special tools in the study of labor potential of rural areas in order to justify the management decisions on the allocation of budgetary funds for sustainable development. The work discloses the algorithm to calculate the integral index of labor potential of rural areas, the formulas and the sources of required data. Health, education and activity of the population are the main estimated characteristics of labor potential. The authors estimate them by calculating the partial indices for four statistical indicators: mortality in the working age, number of persons with higher education, number of individual entrepreneurs and in-migration. The developed method is tested on the basis of the Vologda Oblast statistical data. The article reveals the results of the partial and integral indices calculation; the specially compiled map clearly shows the main problems and features of the labor potential distribution in the region, in particular: increased values of the labor potential index in the areas near large cities and in the direction of the Vologda - Veliky Ustyug highway, reduced labor potential in the areas located far from the regional center and major highways...
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Assessment of the effectiveness of population's labor behaviourat the macro-level
Статья научная
The article considers the main approaches to the research into the effectiveness of people’s labor behavior. Special attention is paid to the analysis of statistical, social and statistical-sociological methods. The article presents the author’s methodology for analyzing the effectiveness of labor behavior by the spheres of manifestation: in the labor market and in an organization. The research shows a high degree of differentiation by this indicator among the Russian territories. The indicator’s value was the highest in the Ural Federal District (0.588 points) and Central Federal District (0.422 points); it was the lowest in the Siberian (-0.139 points) and North Caucasian (-1.269 points) federal districts. The integrated assessment of the people’s labor behavior effectiveness was conducted, 5 groups of RF regions were allocated according to this criterion depending on the indicator’s value. The results of the analysis show that the territories with the high level of the indicator under consideration include such subjects of the Central Federal District as Moscow and the Moscow Oblast...
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Assessment of the performance of the region's agriculture
Статья научная
The article presents the socio-economic characteristics of the activity of the region’s agricultural enterprises by the results of the questionnaire survey of enterprises’ managers conducted in 2013. The obtained information has been the basis for identifying problems in the functioning of the Vologda Oblast agriculture and proposes the ways to improve the current situation.
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Barriers to the fulfillment of young people's potential in their work activities
Статья научная
Young people comprise a special social community: on the one hand, it is most open to innovation and to new models of behavior; on the other hand, it is vulnerable from the viewpoint of competition for certain benefits and opportunities. The reason for the latter consists largely in a lack of social experience, whereby young people find themselves at a disadvantage compared to other socio-demographic groups. The paper highlights the problems that young people face when entering the labor market, and the initial problems are those related to the process of employment. Particular attention is paid to the use of young people's labor potential. A monitoring of the qualitative state of labor potential in the Vologda Oblast is used to consider the factors that prevent young people from implementing their potential in work activities. According to the analysis, the main factors that impede the use of young people's abilities and qualities on the labor market include lack of professional knowledge, employment outside one's specialty, inconvenient working hours, mismatch between the work, abilities and inclinations, lack of interest in the chosen profession...
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Comparative analysis of regional differences in healthcare, environment, and public health
Статья научная
The article compares Russia's regions on the basis of the current state of affairs in healthcare, environment and public health. The comparison was performed using econometric techniques, namely, cluster analysis. The authors used the statistics obtained from Rosstat's official publications as initial data. The first parameter - “public health” - uses indicators of life expectancy and the total morbidity rate due to all causes. The second parameter - “environment” - analyzes the indicators of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and discharge of contaminated water into waste water. The sphere of healthcare was analyzed with the help of four indicators such as the number of beds per 100,000 population, the number of hospitals, the number of doctors per 10,000 population and the capacity of hospitals. After the analysis, the authors created a scatter plot for each group of indicators, and compiled a table that shows the structural and qualitative developments in the regions during the 2000s...
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Complex assessment of housing and communal sector in the region's municipalities
Статья научная
At present, the functioning of housing and communal sector in most regions of the country is characterized by mounting crisis. The key problems in this sphere include poor quality of provided services, high depreciation of fixed assets, large non-productive resource losses, etc. These are the issues that the authorities should address to at all levels. At the same time it should be noted that municipal entities may considerably differ in the level of housing improvement, state of engineering infrastructure, and the possibilities of introducing market mechanisms of economic management. Therefore, the state policy in the housing and communal sector should be based on the use of economic instruments and incentives, taking the fullest account of the current state, sectorial and regional peculiarities. The article analyses the state of housing and utilities infrastructure in the Vologda Oblast municipalities on the basis of the integral estimation methodology; it distinguishes the territories with similar characteristics and problems concerning the functioning of this sphere, presents group characteristics. The key directions and instruments of state policy, the implementation of which will make it possible to use limited financial resources more efficiently, to optimize the territorial-production structure and to enhance the overall functioning efficiency of housing and communal services in different types of the region’s municipalities, are offered.
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Статья научная
The article estimates the sustainability of agriculture in the remote areas of the Northern region in the pre-reform and transformation periods. It shows the influence of market reforms on agricultural production dynamics and reveals the factors and conditions hampering sustainable agricultural development in the remote areas. To ensure the sustainable development of the sector, a set of organizational and economic measures is proposed, which includes agricultural legislation updating, the increase of the state support of agricultural producers, retaining qualified personnel in the sector, the formation of multifunctional agriculture in rural areas, the creation of modern systems of planning, forecasting and scientific and information support.
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Corporate social responsibility: assessment methods and the regional dimension
Статья научная
In order to implement all the delegated powers amid lack of economic and financial opportunities, it is necessary for the authorities to search for additional sources of development. One of the key economic actors is represented by business structures which possess a significant amount of financial, investment, labor and other resources. In this regard, it is relevant to develop mutually beneficial cooperation of authorities and business entities. An efficient form of such cooperation, as evidenced by world experience, is social responsibility. However, this practice is not widespread in Russia; Russian research do not pay enough attention to specific tools contributing to enhancing the role of businesses in addressing social and economic issues of territories. The present paper identifies current approaches to the understanding of social responsibility of business and presents the author's interpretation of this economic category. Based on the developed methodological tools, the author makes an appraisal of social responsibility of major chemical enterprises of the Northwestern Federal district...
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Crowdfunding - a social technology of collective financing: foreign experience of application
Статья научная
The article dwells on the foreign experience of crowdfunding in the case study of a crowdfunding platform. It presents the results of the platform operation by categories of declared projects and the total amount of funding. Analysis of the popularity of the proposed projects, as well as their efficiency is performed in the article.
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Development of Russia's agriculture as a factor promoting the solution of the world food problem
Статья научная
The article reviews the current state and causes of the global food problem. It characterizes the measures of governmental support to the development of agriculture in Russia in 2008 - 2011. It also states the possibilities of increasing agricultural production output by using the potential of the country’s Northern regions provided that technical and technological modernization will be carried out. The article identifies the main priorities of Russia’s agricultural policy and related activities that will enhance exports of food on the world markets.
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Статья научная
This study includes development of a methodology of forming anti-crisis management strategy directly for a wholesale trade organization. The solution of this problem is urgent today as Russian and world literature reflects experience of anti-crisis management only in the industry. The study formulates and systemizes factors that give impetus to development of an organization in the crisis and which are the basis of the proposed methodology. Risks associated with realization of the anti-crisis management methodology are also taken into consideration. The study conclusions are made.
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Development of state and small-business partnership in a region's innovation sector
Статья научная
The strategic goals of innovation development of the Russian Federation and problems of development of small and medium businesses require the study of the mechanisms of successful cooperation between the state and small businesses, including public-private partnership (PPP). The article considers promising mechanisms for innovative development of the Russian economy in the framework of PPP, with the participation of small businesses. The hypothesis is presented by the thesis that small business has a high innovation potential and exceptional opportunities for its implementation in PPP projects. This thesis is confirmed by the analysis and synthesis of a number of scientific theories. The purpose of the study is to clarify the nature and areas of partnership between the state and small business in innovation and development of proposals to improve their cooperation according to the PPP principles. The methodological basis of the study includes the systematic approach, methods of structural, concept, functional and statistical analysis, the method of expert evaluations...
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Distance learning for gifted schoolchildren: problems and prospects
Статья научная
The article dwells on the problems concerning the formation of a regional system of distance education for gifted schoolchildren. It presents the experience in distance learning of the gifted schoolchildren of the Vologda Oblast at the Centre for distance education of the Vologda Multi-Discipline Lyceum. The most promising directions of the e-learning development are considered.
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Diversification way of oil-and-gas producing region
Статья научная
In the given article the author carries out the analysis of the oil production condition in the Russian Federation and in its major oil-production region - Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug - UGRA. The oil-production branch of Russia strongly depends on the economical situation in KhМАО-UGRA. Any mistake in the strategy of mineral resources base development and the production strategy in UGRA region seriously affects the economy of Russia in a whole. The author made a review of the influence of the world financial crisis on the economy of KhМАО-UGRA. Reasons of the economy recession in the oil and gas production region and ways out of the negative dynamics are specified.
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Domestic tourism development in a region
Статья научная
Tourism is a sector which has a significant impact on the socio-economic development of territories. This type of national economic activity is characterized by a multiplier effect, generating incomes in related economic sectors. Among all types of tourism, the key role belongs to domestic tourism as the main source of income from tourist activities. Russian regions, domestic tourism is poorly developed due to imperfect infrastructure of the sector, lack of correlation between prices for tourism products and their quality, and lack of qualified personnel. In recent years, external factors are of particular significance for this sector; they include turbulent geopolitical situation in some countries, crisis phenomena in the economy, ban on travelling to popular foreign resorts for Russian citizens. The issues of domestic tourism development are reflected in works by D.R. Makeeva, E.V. Semenova, N.V. Maslova, L.I. Chernikova, G.R. Faizov. The purpose for the research is to study directions for domestic tourism development in the region taking into account the influence of external factors...
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Dynamics of mortality in Russia in the context of the epidemiologic transition concept
Статья научная
The article briefly presents a modern view on the concept of epidemiologic transition, reflects features of its course in Russia: a lag of the main stages compared to the developed countries of the world and Europe, implementation of accelerated transition, layering of unresolved problems of previous phases. The author considers half-century dynamics of mortality of the Russian population in comparison with the world average and indicators of some developed countries, demonstrating its backlog, despite the overall positive trend. The work confirms persistence of high mortality of the Russian working-age population; presents calculations of demographic, socio-economic losses from premature deaths of citizens of this cohort. It states that external causes of death bring the largest demographic and socio-economic damage in the country and in the region: in Russia they account for 35% of all losses in PYLL and 2.45% of the total volume of GRP and 27 in the Vologda Oblast - 27% of all losses in PYLL and 2.7% of the total GRP...
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Essence and main components of innovation environment in higher education institutions
Статья научная
The article analyzes the studies and experience of creating innovation environment in the sphere of education, it reveals internal and external components of educational environment. It describes the present-day state of higher professional education institutions, proposes a number of conditions for the establishment of innovation educational environment in universities for the purpose of its successful development.
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Estimation of the largest enterprises’ impact on the socio-economic development of territories
Статья научная
The key basic trends of modern society development are associated with the transfer of some government functions to big business. Thus, scientific and public circles argue about social partnership between government, business and employees and offer different variants of the corporate social responsibility concept. The article presents the experience to assess social responsibility of business on the example of the largest chemical enterprises located in the Vologda and Novgorod oblasts. The evaluation results have revealed a number of problems hindering the formation of socially responsible behavior of enterprises, particularly the lack of standardized reporting on corporate social responsibility; provision of formal corporate social responsibility report; business’ non-system participation in social and economic development of territories. According to the authors, the development of a special model to regulate participants’ mutual relations can increase social responsibility of Russian business. Unified interests and resources of business and government promote the development of an agreed strategy in the field of regional social-economic development.
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Статья научная
The article discusses extra-role performance behavior of teachers and their identification with the teaching staff under the conditions of modernization of the education system and optimization of the network of educational institutions in Russia. The author provides a review of the literature on the subject and specifies the concept of extra-role performance behavior of teachers, what factors cause or promote such behavior, and what it means to be a “good teacher”. Understanding the importance of extra-role performance behavior as an essential component of labor efficiency will help educational organizations’ heads to use it in the recruitment, selection and certification of teachers, and in the development of personnel reserve. The author selects three factors predicting extra-role performance behavior: work experience, the school as an organization, and identification with the school staff. Regression models based on data on school teachers of Vologda (N = 78.6 schools), explained extra-role performance behavior associated with a change in the functioning of the organization (Model 2...
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