Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 940
Nature and antroposocial phenomenon of nuclear energy
Статья научная
Identified the main concepts. Performed pioneering researchers for Russia, antropo-social complex components of the phenomenon of nuclear energy. Phenomenon without which, life on Earth is excluded. Researchers have brought to the pragmatic way of SAMPO.
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New Book of Glyn Williams “The Arctic Labyrinth: The Quest for the North-west Passage”
Статья
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Статья научная
The Arctic climate has been changing dramatically in recent years. This external condition, on the one hand, increases the risk of sustainable development of the Arctic; on the other hand, in combination with the management factors of the Russian Federation’s Arctic zone, it provides new development opportunities. Based on the authors’ methodology, the paper assesses the efficiency of sustainable development management of the Arctic by comparing the costs of environmental protection and the volume of pollutants entering the Arctic ecosystems. The study has shown that, despite the growth of current expenditures on sustainable development management in the Arctic, their use cannot be considered fully effective and efficient: financial investments do not always lead to the reduction in pollution; investments in sustainable development are uneven and depend on the current conjuncture. Changes in the Arctic climate have been assessed by comparing indicators for the period from 1971 to the present, characterizing air temperature, precipitation, snow cover, sea and river ice, permafrost, etc. The analysis has revealed an accelerated growth of Arctic climate change indicators. The impact of climate change on new opportunities and new risks for the sustainable development of the Russian Arctic has been determined on the basis of authors’ research and correlated with the opinion of authoritative Arctic researchers. Based on the results of the study, the positive and negative effects of the implementation of new opportunities for the Arctic territories in the context of climate change have been identified.
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Статья научная
The monograph is reviewing, which has been prepared by the team of the researchers of the Institute of History of SB RAS.
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New comers of the Arctic Council open the Far North
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the study of the elaboration and realization of the Arctic policy in three countries-members of the EU. These are Netherlands, Poland and Spain. Up to now Spain is not very interested in the Arctic, but now it is very interested in the development of the arctic tourism. Netherlands possesses the wide experience in offshore extraction of hydrocarbons, which may be used in the Far North. Poland is very active and aims to unite the observer countries of the Arctic council. The study of the climate change and environmental conditions are the main objects of the interests of these three countries.
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New projects for the development of Russian Arctic: space matters!
Статья научная
The article summarizes the results of the analysis of 23 recent projects for the development of Russian Arctic resources in terms of the spatial effects they generate or rely on. It is proved to be the feature of the economic and geographical approach to the analysis of arctic projects. The most critical change, compared with the realities of the late Soviet era, is the reliance on the sea logistics of most new projects for the development of Russian Arctic resources. Three main spatial effects of development projects are described in detail: the localization effect, the regional effect, and the corporate effect. The first one reflects the desire of companies to the utmost compactness and low occupancy of the production site, platform solutions using artificial intelligence, remote control, robotic mining, and processing schemes. The second effect revives the Soviet district effect within the contour of the resource corporation as their desire to provide cost savings on the “soft” infrastructure pairing of neighboring production facilities. The third effect characterizes the cooperation of usually competing companies in severe natural and economic conditions for the development of arctic projects. It is untypical but may occur in some cases. The territorial structures of the new development space are also affected by the desire of companies to absolute control of the resource chain, to rely on previously created development bases, technological, organizational, and institutional innovations, which usually have a spatial “dimension”. An “ideal” corporate scheme for the modern development of arctic resources - a separate autonomous production platform where production and processing are deployed, with uninhabited technologies and remote control of production, contradicts state interests and creates sharp spatial and social contrasts.
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New publication anout memorial culture of the Kola North inhabitants
Статья научная
New publication «Man – place – memory: Memorial culture old-timer population`s the north territories of the Kola Peninsula in conditions of the social transformation» is presented in the article.
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New publication on the strategic management system for the development processes of Northern Russia
Статья научная
The paper presents a new publication “Strategic Management of Processes of Spatial and Territorial Development of North Russia: Problems and Prospects”
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New risks and opportunities for interstate cooperation in the Arctic
Статья научная
Despite the growing tension in Russia-West relations, the Arctic region continues to remain a zone of peace and cooperation. The level of interstate collaboration here is extremely high, unlike other maritime regions. The interaction is developing in scientific research, protection of the marine environment and biodiversity, regulation of fisheries, improvement of search and rescue efforts, control of oil spills, and regulation of navigation. However, interstate competition has not disappeared in the Arctic. The countries participating in the maritime activities in the region often have completely different priorities and are firmly defending their national interests. Under sanctions’ pressure, the Russian Federation is forced to seek new partners and allies in the Arctic. This choice is extremely difficult since the coincidence of positions on one issue or another is often minimal. In order to defend its interests, Russia needs to achieve such a format of interaction with the Arctic and non-Arctic countries which would be extremely mutually beneficial and work for the good of our country, but not to its detriment.
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Статья научная
The article represents the review of manuscript books of the 15th - 20th centuries introduced at the exhibition “No righteous man exists without honoring books. Manuscript book of the Russian North of the 15th- 20th centuries”. All exhibits are stored at the State Museum Association “Artistic Culture of the Russian North”. The museum’s collection includes many impressive monuments of traditional Russian literature, as well as manuscripts of the Old Believer environment. For several years, attribution of manuscript monuments was carried out. The result of scientific research was a catalog. The fascinating books in terms of content and artistic performance are exhibited at the museum. The exhibition stands show many miniatures, screensavers, and other elements of book design. Each visitor of the exhibition will find something interesting for himself: the creation of manuscript monuments, the genre variety of the Northern book, the decoration of texts, the development of the decorative design of manuscripts, the variety of singing books. All exhibited manuscripts are presented for the first time. For this purpose, special exhibition equipment, shop windows, and a lighting system under the museum standards were used.
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Non-saline Meadows and Grasslands in the Kola Peninsula
Статья научная
State of knowledge about non-saline meadows and grasslands in the Kola Peninsula is analyzed. Various approaches to study and descriptions of meadows and grasslands are observed.
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Noospheregenesis of the Arctic: forming environmental world outlook of students
Статья научная
Social ecology is designed to equip future specialist with knowledge of the regularities of the system "society-nature" development and derived from these laws principles and technologies of optimization of relations between society and nature. Social ecology must be included in the curricula of the main university directions of NArfU. Social ecology must be taught in module, which should include: social and environmental problems of the Arctic (the North), social security, social medicine (hygiene). It is already necessary to start environmental education of society with focus on that common, which must contain all civilization of the 21st century right today.
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North-Arctic Specificity of the Subject of Economic Research (Methodological Aspects)
Статья научная
The North-Arctic topic of economic research covers a wide range of issues. The author believes that if we look at this topic from the standpoint of the methodology of constructing the subject of research, we cannot help but notice the growing importance of the axiological and evaluative aspects of studying the North. This kind of priority is conditioned by the increasing influence of natural conditions on socio-economic activity and the need for scientific explanation of transitions from natural to social. The methodology of practical activity in the conditions of the North traditionally reflects the difficulties of choosing the ways of organizing production and social activity here. At present, this is supplemented by the ambiguity of the reaction of the northern regions to the emergence of new circumstances that significantly affect the national economy, such as the need to urgently ensure the technological sovereignty of our country and strengthen its military-industrial complex. Therefore, the method of mobilization management becomes very relevant for the North of Russia, and especially for its Arctic zone. The scientific and practical aspects of the methodology of North-Arctic activities have a common methodological attitude: the transition from the position “the more the better” to the position “good quality is more important than large quantity”. Moreover, in the Arctic, the need for a transition “from the maximum necessary to the realistically possible” is increasingly realized.
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Northern Civilization Corridor in the Eurasian Socio-Cultural Space: Statement of the Problem
Статья научная
The article substantiates the important role of the Arctic zone of Russia in forming and strengthening not only its geopolitical, defense, resource and raw material, economic, transport and communication potential, but also as a significant civilization corridor, providing intensive interaction between different peoples and cultures, which goes far beyond the boundaries of this particular region. Civilization corridors are understood as the basis for the functioning of individual territorial locations, linking them into a living and developing organism of a single humanity due to their fulfillment of the most important migration, communication, information, trade and political socio-cultural functions. There are latitudinal and meridional civilization corridors in the Eurasian socio-cultural space, the intersections of which form the centers of civilizational dialogue of various political, ethnic and religious communities. The three most important latitudinal civilization corridors are the Great Silk Road, the Trans-Siberian Railway (Transsib), and the fundamental conclusion is substantiated about the possibility and exceptional importance for Russia and the whole world of turning the existing Arctic sea transport route into a new civilization corridor that is able to link not only the civilizations of the East and West into a single system of Eurasia, but also North and South. The article analyzes the objective prerequisites for the formation of this new and “youngest” civilization latitudinal corridor, as well as its unifying civilizational functions. The historical role of the Russian people, who united the peoples of the North into a single local Arctic civilization, possessing the civilizational gift of peaceful exploration of space through organic “ingrowth” into other ethno-cultural worlds, is emphasized. The civilizational approach in the unity of its synchronic and diachronic dimensions is used as the main methodological resource of the study.
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Northern Miniature in the Ecclesiastic Book of the Early 19th Century
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the study of plots associated with different stages of the movement of the soul, presented in a manuscript book and on drawn sheets. The book was written at the beginning of the 19th century in the Russian North in the Old Believers' environment. The manuscript is interesting in composition, content and unique in design. The text of the book is written on fifty-five sheets, collected in a notebook and bound into a book. The manuscript includes three works: an excerpt from the eighteenth chapter of "The Flower Garden of Dorotheus of Gaza" about the spiritual ladder, the vision of Monk Gregory about the walk of Blessed Theodora, a story about a meal from the teachings of Saint Niphon.The text is attached by four folding miniatures and several illustrations - images on the themes of the works of the manuscript, which interpret the literary text more fully. As a result of the research, it was found that this collection is not the only list. Collections, similar in composition and decoration, are contained in the archives of museums and libraries of the country. This indicates the book wealth of the Russian North, the artistic and genre diversity of the northern book.
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Northern Sea Route: Past, Present, and Future. Results of the International Scientific Megaproject
Статья научная
The author characterizes the idea, concept, implementation process and results of the international scientific project devoted to the history, modernity and prospects of the Northern Sea Route development, which resulted in a collective monograph published in 2022. The content and structure of this publication are presented, its participants, scientists from four European countries, are indicated. The author examines how this book reveals the most significant milestones of the historical past of this maritime communication, starting with the development of navigation in the European part of the Arctic and the emergence of the idea of the possibility of passage between Europe and Asia, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean along the Eurasian northern coast of Russia, which was called the Northeast Passage. The research compares the results of scientific investigations and search for a through passage from Europe to Asia by this waterway, as well as exploration of its parts and organization of navigation. The author characterizes the transformation of the Northeast Passage into the Northern Sea Route and the organization of its permanent operation and through navigation in the 20th century. The article analyzes the contradictory trends in the development of the Northern Sea Route in the beginning of the 21st century, as well as possible scenarios for its future. The article also reveals the process of studying the history of the Northeast Passage/Northern Sea Route over several centuries and identifies the most significant studies published in Russia and abroad.
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Norwegian-Russian Arctic frontier: from the whole districts to the Pomor region
Статья научная
In the present article the authors analyse the history of the Norwegian-Russian state border. Three main periods are pointed out. In the middle ages and Early Modern Period there existed a large frontier or common taxation district. Thence the common district gradually shrank until in 1826 a permanent territorial border was drawn. In the Soviet epoch the border became almost hermetically closed. To-day it is again opening up and politicians and researchers on both sides are discussing the possibility of establishing a joint Special Economic Zone (SEZ), a new and modern form of “common district”.
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On scientific approaches to the Arctic boundaries’ delimitation
Статья научная
The article deals with the boundary delimitation of the Arctic and the territories belonging to it. The authors identified political, economic, and other factors influencing the delimitation of the Arctic terri-tories. The approaches of the subarctic countries Canada, the USA, Norway, and Denmark, to the problem of the borders of their Arctic territories are considered. The authors analyze Russian regulatory legal documents, expert assessments, the boundaries of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and determine their importance for the socio-economic development of the country. The authors draw attention to the need for Russia to protect its sovereignty in the Arctic.
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On the Conceptual Model of Balanced Socio-Economic Development of the Arctic Territories
Статья научная
The article deals with the key aspects of the formation of the integrated socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). The main purpose of the study is to create a conceptual model for balanced socio-economic development. The article uses such methods as comparison, analysis, deduction and induction. The importance of the development of these territories for the sustainable development of the country is shown. The main regulatory documents defining the development of this region are highlighted. Threats to the security of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are identified. The relations of other countries to the Arctic are considered. The importance of bringing the standard of living in the Arctic region closer to the average in Russia and the importance of this direction of action to reduce the negative demographic trend are outlined. Besides, the need to study the development of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation is determined not by statistical methods, but by new research methods. The importance of creating a megaproject for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation with specific measurable goals is highlighted. Such risks of this region are described as: population decline, in particular, the decline of the able-bodied population (including highly qualified personnel), the critical state of housing and communal services, the high cost of living and use of resources, the threat to environmental safety, weak diversification of production, long distances from industrial centers. Economic, social and environmental factors affecting the dynamics of the integrated socio-economic development of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation are considered. A conceptual model of balanced socio-economic development of the region was developed on the basis of a set of factors. The conceptual model of integrated development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation is a complex of various factors. This model can become a basis for the preparation of strategic planning documents in the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and it is possible to compare and compare the development of the regions using this model.
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