Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 955
Northern Miniature in the Ecclesiastic Book of the Early 19th Century
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the study of plots associated with different stages of the movement of the soul, presented in a manuscript book and on drawn sheets. The book was written at the beginning of the 19th century in the Russian North in the Old Believers' environment. The manuscript is interesting in composition, content and unique in design. The text of the book is written on fifty-five sheets, collected in a notebook and bound into a book. The manuscript includes three works: an excerpt from the eighteenth chapter of "The Flower Garden of Dorotheus of Gaza" about the spiritual ladder, the vision of Monk Gregory about the walk of Blessed Theodora, a story about a meal from the teachings of Saint Niphon.The text is attached by four folding miniatures and several illustrations - images on the themes of the works of the manuscript, which interpret the literary text more fully. As a result of the research, it was found that this collection is not the only list. Collections, similar in composition and decoration, are contained in the archives of museums and libraries of the country. This indicates the book wealth of the Russian North, the artistic and genre diversity of the northern book.
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Northern Sea Route: Past, Present, and Future. Results of the International Scientific Megaproject
Статья научная
The author characterizes the idea, concept, implementation process and results of the international scientific project devoted to the history, modernity and prospects of the Northern Sea Route development, which resulted in a collective monograph published in 2022. The content and structure of this publication are presented, its participants, scientists from four European countries, are indicated. The author examines how this book reveals the most significant milestones of the historical past of this maritime communication, starting with the development of navigation in the European part of the Arctic and the emergence of the idea of the possibility of passage between Europe and Asia, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean along the Eurasian northern coast of Russia, which was called the Northeast Passage. The research compares the results of scientific investigations and search for a through passage from Europe to Asia by this waterway, as well as exploration of its parts and organization of navigation. The author characterizes the transformation of the Northeast Passage into the Northern Sea Route and the organization of its permanent operation and through navigation in the 20th century. The article analyzes the contradictory trends in the development of the Northern Sea Route in the beginning of the 21st century, as well as possible scenarios for its future. The article also reveals the process of studying the history of the Northeast Passage/Northern Sea Route over several centuries and identifies the most significant studies published in Russia and abroad.
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Norwegian-Russian Arctic frontier: from the whole districts to the Pomor region
Статья научная
In the present article the authors analyse the history of the Norwegian-Russian state border. Three main periods are pointed out. In the middle ages and Early Modern Period there existed a large frontier or common taxation district. Thence the common district gradually shrank until in 1826 a permanent territorial border was drawn. In the Soviet epoch the border became almost hermetically closed. To-day it is again opening up and politicians and researchers on both sides are discussing the possibility of establishing a joint Special Economic Zone (SEZ), a new and modern form of “common district”.
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On scientific approaches to the Arctic boundaries’ delimitation
Статья научная
The article deals with the boundary delimitation of the Arctic and the territories belonging to it. The authors identified political, economic, and other factors influencing the delimitation of the Arctic terri-tories. The approaches of the subarctic countries Canada, the USA, Norway, and Denmark, to the problem of the borders of their Arctic territories are considered. The authors analyze Russian regulatory legal documents, expert assessments, the boundaries of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and determine their importance for the socio-economic development of the country. The authors draw attention to the need for Russia to protect its sovereignty in the Arctic.
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On the Conceptual Model of Balanced Socio-Economic Development of the Arctic Territories
Статья научная
The article deals with the key aspects of the formation of the integrated socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). The main purpose of the study is to create a conceptual model for balanced socio-economic development. The article uses such methods as comparison, analysis, deduction and induction. The importance of the development of these territories for the sustainable development of the country is shown. The main regulatory documents defining the development of this region are highlighted. Threats to the security of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are identified. The relations of other countries to the Arctic are considered. The importance of bringing the standard of living in the Arctic region closer to the average in Russia and the importance of this direction of action to reduce the negative demographic trend are outlined. Besides, the need to study the development of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation is determined not by statistical methods, but by new research methods. The importance of creating a megaproject for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation with specific measurable goals is highlighted. Such risks of this region are described as: population decline, in particular, the decline of the able-bodied population (including highly qualified personnel), the critical state of housing and communal services, the high cost of living and use of resources, the threat to environmental safety, weak diversification of production, long distances from industrial centers. Economic, social and environmental factors affecting the dynamics of the integrated socio-economic development of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation are considered. A conceptual model of balanced socio-economic development of the region was developed on the basis of a set of factors. The conceptual model of integrated development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation is a complex of various factors. This model can become a basis for the preparation of strategic planning documents in the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and it is possible to compare and compare the development of the regions using this model.
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On the New US Military Strategy in the Arctic
Статья научная
The article discusses the new US military strategy in the Arctic, announced by the administration of J. Biden in July 2024. It replaced a similar document issued under D. Trump in 2019. The authors raise the question of what has changed in the approaches to Arctic security, given the sharp nature of the contradictions between Republicans and Democrats. The article demonstrates that, in general, the US Arctic military policy has maintained continuity; the only difference is the attempt of the Democrat administration to formulate more specific areas of activity to protect US security interests. In the text of the strategy, when assessing threats, China, not Russia, is placed in the first place in terms of importance. At the same time, the formulation of threats to US security in the region is too general and seems far-fetched. The main areas of implementation of the current US military strategy include measures to develop communication, command, control and intelligence systems; to improve military infrastructure; to strengthen the US and NATO military presence in the Nordic countries and to develop defense cooperation. In general, the strategy is confrontational in nature, especially since the US, having obtained geopolitical benefits after Finland and Sweden joined NATO, clearly intends to use them to gain unilateral advantages. However, there are limiting conditions that will prevent the US from fully realizing the plans of this strategy. The main threat to Russia’s security in the region is the constant military presence and build-up of US/NATO military infrastructure in close proximity to its Arctic borders, as well as Washington’s intention to implement the principle of “freedom of navigation” in the Arctic Ocean, including the Northern Sea Route.
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On the Outcomes and Lessons of Russia’s Chairmanship of the Arctic Council (2021–2023)
Статья научная
The article summarizes the results of Russia’s chairmanship in the Arctic Council (AC, Council) in 2021–2023, analyzes the relationship with the state national and international policy, and systematizes the key results. The authors identify four main periods of Russian chairmanship. The article presents general logical, theoretical, and empirical research methods. It is noted that due to the boycott of a number of Western countries because of the events in Ukraine, the Russian Federation focused its efforts in the Arctic direction on the northern territories of the country and was able to achieve certain successes. Russia has carried out most of the planned activities related to economic and social development, climate change, ecology, human capital, indigenous peoples’ activities, tourism, and prevention of emergency situations in the Arctic. The “Arctic Youth” direction well represented, and a large number of projects for youth events and career guidance were launched. The conclusion is made: during the 2-year period the government paid special attention to improving the functioning of the Northern Sea Route, socio-economic development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation, but due to the geopolitical situation Russia failed to fully realize its plans. The authors note that the course of the chairmanship was internally incomplete, especially during the recent periods. The remote transfer of the chairmanship of the Arctic Council to Norway raises many questions. It is hoped that the full status and composition of the AC will be restored. Russia still proceeds from the fact that the pressing problems of the Arctic region can be solved only through balanced and mutually beneficial international co-operation.
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Статья научная
Indigenous languages of Krasnoyarsk region, which are at risk of extinction to the maximum extent, are identified. Conclusion on the need to adopt a series of legal documents for the preservation of the languages of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East is justified.
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On the Study of the Native Language of the Ob-Ugric Ethnos: Scientific Foundations
Статья научная
The authors of the article consider the issues of the formation of ethno-cultural and national identity on the example of the Ob-Ugric ethnic group living in the Arctic. Much attention is paid to such ethno-cultural component as native language. The problem of bilingualism, as well as the development of communicative competence in native and foreign languages, their practical application in the cultural sphere and social life under the influence of social, pedagogical and psychological factors is topical. Despite living in harsh climatic conditions, the northerners have for centuries cultivated such feelings as responsibility, justice, readiness to help. The authors noted the interest in the deep historical roots of their ethnic group and presented indisputable facts of educating children in the spirit of preserving and increasing values, passing them on to subsequent generations, spreading throughout the world. Based on the analysis of modern ethnopedagogical trends in the educational space of the Ob-Ugric ethnos, some recommendations on the main issues of ethnoculture and folk pedagogy development are presented. The study is based on the ideas of Wilhelm von Humboldt about the spiritual power of people, the role of language in the spiritual development of mankind, the peculiarities of the national character, the thinking of the people, their spiritual nature and way of life, conceptualization of knowledge about the world and the ways of its transmission. The authors assign a special role to ethnopsychology, the science of individual and collective consciousness, and ethnopedagogy, which integrates the ethnocultural component into the system of training sessions and contributes to the formation of a national identity in the younger generation, understanding and preserving the spiritual and moral values and traditions of their people.
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On the collective monograph “Ethnonational processes in the Arctic: trends, problems, and prospects”
Статья научная
The article represents the review of the collective monograph “Ethnonational processes in the Arctic: trends, problems, and prospects.” The monograph is an original joint work of researchers at Russian research centers specializing in the study of the Arctic. The researchers focus on ethnonational processes in the context of the socio-economic, socio-political, legal, socio-cultural development of the Arctic territories of Russia. The interdisciplinary nature of the research, the full coverage of ethnonational policies and subregions, the depth of the study, the visualization of the material with tables, charts, graphs, maps determines not only the academic but also the comprehensive nature of the monograph under review.
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On the development of the main research areas of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Статья научная
The article is focused on the current research trends in the field of environmental protection and security in the Arctic. This means the development of Arctic environmental safety strategies for the period untill 2030, pollution and the environmental situation in the Russian Arctic, use of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) for the major infrastructure projects in terms of their impact on the Arctic environment and the possible damage, an environmental atlas of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation within the project of the National Atlas of the Arctic. An assessment of the dumping impact (waste disposal in the sea) on the environment of the Arctic and indigenous peoples, taking into account the transboundary transfer of pollutants. All the tasks of the environmental damage elimination could be solved by special programs. The authors also formulated the possible outcomes of the proposed research in the Arctic.
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On the interaction of indigenous peoples of the North and industrial companies: the case of Yugra
Статья научная
In this work the author generalized and analyzed the results of a sociological study on problems of social and economic development of the territories of the traditional environmental management (TTEM) of the indigenous ethnic groups of the North (IEGN). The purpose and research problems are consisted in obtaining information on economic and social conditions of territories of traditional environmental management and a condition of the IEGN’s crafts. The results of a sociological research show, the main motive for traditional economic activity among the IEGN is preservation of the traditional lifestyle. Most of respondents believe that relationship between of the TTEM owners and subsoil users must be based only on a contractual basis (economic agreements). More than a half of respondents believe that the economic agreements concluded between subsoil users and the TTEM owners can partially compensate their expenses and provide communities. On the other hand, an insignificant part of respondents shows mistrust to this form of the relations, saying that the economic agreement is just a formality. Only an insignificant part of respondents noted that their relations with subsoil users were conflict.
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On the methodology of subglacial oceans
Статья научная
Throughout all periods of development, the history of mankind has been closely intertwined with the sea. Craving for perception of the unknown has always been favored for humans. The interrelations between people and water element were actively considered by the representatives of natural, exact and engineering sciences. Humanitarian thought can also make a contribution to the study of the oceans. The authors propose substantiation for the formation of the methodology of subglacial oceans. The methodology refers to the theory of thought and action. Modern methodology is capable of constructing the ways of thinking that solve new issues and problems. Openness to criticism of methodological thinking is its strong and promising aspect. The study of the exploration techniques of the “second space”, starting with the first steps and up to the modern attempt to create an underwater prototype of the International Space Station, leads the authors to the conclusion about the possible equivalence of space and Arctic technologies. Exploration of the ice cosmic worlds of Pluto, Jupiter and Saturn may precede the study of the Arctic region. The Arctic has the potential to become a testing site for future space missions. The sterility of space technologies can, on the other hand, provide the development of the green economy in the Arctic.
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On the shore of the icy sea, among the rocks, and forests...
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the author’s trip to the village of Gridino (Northern Karelia, Russia). Oboimov A.P. tells about the life of the employees of the local weather stations, peculiarities of lifestyle of Pomor villages and the beauty of the Northern nature. The article is accompanied by a series of landscape and portrait photos.
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On the сreation and de-velopment of specialized shipyard “Arctic – Shelf”
Статья научная
The article proposes the concept of a specialized shipyard business project, geographically dispersed within the boundaries of the Arkhangelsk agglomeration, which aims to develop production cooperation, existing competencies and technologies in the creation of the Arctic marine equipment and vessels.
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Статья научная
This article provides an overview of trends and current status of Geobotany in the Murmansk region, with particular attention to the problems of modern geo-botanical studies. Emphasizes the importance of regional geo-botanical studies and preparation of students of geo-botanical biological specialties.
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Статья научная
The article examines the dynamics of the proportions of land, capital and labor in the context of agricultural specialization in livestock farming in a technologically interconnected cycle of agricultural production in the Northern regions. It shows that in the economic activities of agricultural enterprises in the Arctic and the North, there is an intensification and expansion of livestock farming and a corresponding change in the composition and structure of the main production funds, but at the same time, attention to field production, in particular to improving the structure of sown areas, including fodder crops, is weakening. The article formulates proposals for improving the proportionality of the main factor components of agricultural production: land, capital and labor. One of the tools for regulating the proportionality of land, capital and labor can be the formation of motives for agricultural organizations to search for specializations leading to the rationalization of the proportionality of the main factors of production. Improvement of the state agro-industrial policy for the Northern regions in terms of rationalization of the proportions of land, capital and labor will increase the efficiency of state regulation of agricultural production development.
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Oral stories about the Mezen churches as a subject of interdisciplinary research
Статья научная
The article analyzes oral narratives about the destruction of Orthodox religious buildings. Sources of the research are tests recorded during the folklore-anthropological expeditions of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University in the Mezen district of the Arkhangelsk Oblast (2009-2018). By the beginning of the 1930s, in Russia, the concept of “militant atheism” took shape and was approved, based on the idea of the counter-revolutionary meaning of religion and the anti-Soviet activities of believers. The object of our research is interdisciplinary. It is the subject of the study for oral history, folklore, social and cultural anthropology, and sociology. The sacrilege narratives are considered not so much as folklore or historical source, but as “a component of a local text ... whose function is not to “reflect”, but to “create” urban history, mythology, set the parameters for local identity.” A metanarrative is represented by the memories of the Mezen residents about the destruction of churches and the persecution of people for religious beliefs. It includes stories with the motives of dropping bells, punishment for the destruction of a church; desecration of cemeteries, the destruction of icons, the salvation of church property by the villagers, the conversion of churches to schools, granaries, clubs or stables, and repression against priests and parishioners. The research allows tracing the dynamics of mass representations. There was a gap in the cultural memory of the Mezen residents. The Mezen religious stories testify that, in the cultural memory of the Mezen, they were supplanted to the periphery and replaced by the Soviet period values.
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Статья научная
The development of new territories and international relations requires modernization and the formation of new approaches to managing the implementation of major federal projects. The most important federal project aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the country’s economy in the international arena is the project for the development of transit container transportation along the water area and the Northern Sea Route. Great expectations are associated with the creation of new international economic relations, built using a new transport artery, the communication along which is formed along the shortest route, taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of our planet. The implementation of the project has clear time limits on the stages of its implementation. In 2027, it is planned to start movement along the Northern Sea Route sea transit route (hereinafter referred to as the NSR), which unites the eastern and western extremities of the Eurasian continent in autonomous navigation. By this time, the entire infrastructure of vessel traffic along the NSR should be ready and equipped with the necessary means of communication. This article aims to develop a mechanism for managing the aviation infrastructure capable of meeting the needs for ensuring the continuity of ship traffic along the NSR. The author has systematized the necessary management methods and supplemented the elements of the management subject structure, necessary and sufficient for the timely execution of the organizational decisions planned by the federal program.
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Organizational mechanisms for implementing Russia's Arctic strategy in the 21st century
Статья научная
The Arctic in the 21st century remains a popular topic in the natural-scientific, economic, socio-humanitarian and political spheres. The relevance of studying the Arctic is determined by the fact that in recent decades, deep and irreversible transformations have taken place in this region, and a full understanding of the causes and consequences of which for the economy and environmental management has not yet developed. As a result of climate change and globalization, there is a growing interest in the Arctic macro-region on the part of many foreign countries that developed strategies and programs for the development of national Arctic zones at the beginning of the XXI century. Against the background of global competition for resources and transport communications, it seems relevant to analyze the features of the development of Russia's state policy for managing the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the XXI century. The article analyzes the mechanisms of implementation of Russian state policy in the Arctic based on the strategic planning system and reveals the bottlenecks in the system of state management of the Arctic region. It is concluded that the core of Russia's policy in the Arctic is innovative modernization that can ensure sustainable socio-economic development, infrastructure development, rational use of natural resources, protection of local ecosystems and development of indigenous communities.
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