Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 988
Статья научная
This article, based on a wide range of sources, some of which are being introduced into scientific discourse for the first time, attempts to provide a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of Mikhail Gorbachev’s “Murmansk initiatives”, studying their assessments and impact on the formation of a new type of the international cooperation in the Arctic in the short-term historical period from October 1987, when they were proclaimed, to 1990. The authors came to the following conclusions: it was no coincidence that Mikhail Gorbachev chose the Arctic as an arena for the implementation of the “new thinking” policy. The “Murmansk initiatives”, having become a regional reflection of the “new thinking” policy, were not perceived unambiguously in the West. The dividing line was drawn both in terms of the content of the initiatives themselves and the favorable perception of them by the Arctic countries. The authors positively assess the “non-military” component of the “Murmansk initiatives”. Despite the traditionally recognized failure of the component related to arms limitation, they nevertheless played a role in the development of the international relations in the region. At the same time, it is clear that during that period, the country’s leadership often acted to the detriment of national interests, making unilateral concessions in the name of reaching an agreement. The concept of neoclassical realism, which forms the basis of this study, explains this line of foreign policy behavior by the USSR as a complex combination of a number of factors: the inability to pursue the state’s previous foreign policy, which was characterized by an arms race in a bipolar world, the internal socio-economic crisis in the country, as well as the personal characteristics of Mikhail Gorbachev himself.
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“Nordman”: preconditions to social and cultural typology of Northern man
Статья научная
In the article authors have presented theoretical attempt in the polemic form to define actual social and cultural type of northern person – «nordman». The bases of intrinsic criteria of social and cultural typology of the person in coordinates of the certain space-time were specified.
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Статья научная
The article presents the research of local identity of Patrakeevka villagers (Primorsky district, Arkhangelsk Oblast). The study grounds on the fieldwork materials collected during the folklore-ethnographic expedition of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University to Patrakeevka village in 2015. In the period of globalization, a study of local communities and their identity allows to reveal traditional culture peculiarities. The village is located on the shore of the White Sea. Therefore, it has a fishing type of economy and culture. The indigenous people there belong to the local group of Pomors from the Northern Coast of the White Sea. To study local identity of the indigenous community, the author deals with traditional and trade practices, functioning of localgroup nicknames and peculiarities of historical and cultural memory. The study also defines boundaries of the micro-area with Patrakeevka being its center.
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“Pomor Trade” and “Russian Pomors” in Russian State legislation in XIX century
Статья научная
An analysis of the Russian Empire legislation of the nineteenth century on Pomor trade is made. The legislation defined the preferential terms, the territory, and the population which was allowed to trade with Norway. This territory was called «Pomorie Region», and its population began being called «Russian Pomors.» Texts of historical documents are published in the annex.
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Статья научная
The article presents a brief overview of a series of books prepared in 2012–2017 by the Deputy Director of the National Park “Russian Arctic”, Cand. Sci. (Geogr.) Victor Kuznetsov and Honored artist of the Russian Federation Alexey Grigoriev. The series is devoted to the exploration history of the National Park’s area located in the Arkhangelsk Oblast — the Arctic archipelagoes of Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land. The article emphasizes the special importance of the illustrated edition, chosen by the co-authors, which allowed them to achieve a goal: an interesting combination of artistic approach and historical content makes the V.S. Kuznetsov’s books accessible to the public reader. The article provides a summary of all five books of the series: “The history of three “capitals” of the Arctic Archipelago of Franz Josef Land” (2012), “Attraction of the Earth” (2013), “From the balloon to the Polar aviation” (2014), “Secrets of the life in the ice” (2015), “A sea route to the Arctic” (2017).
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Статья научная
This note presents the leading Russian periodical which covers the researchеs of the polar regions. Information regarding its subject area, structure, and features is given.
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Статья научная
Anders Andelin was a Finnish clergyman who engaged in Sámi research in the northernmost parsonage of Finland in the 1850s. His efforts were not exceptional, as the residents of 19th century European rural parsonages practiced a lot of research. Andelin himself was an amateur ethnographer, historian, archaeologist, meteorologist, geographer, natural scientist, linguist, and toponymist. He was, as a Sámi researcher, between old and new scientific traditions: The middle of the nineteenth century has been regarded as a turning point in the history of academic research in Finland. Until then, researchers collected folklore, historical sources, plants, and meteorological observations. Around the 1850s the focus shifted from collecting and listing towards more analytical and experimental research. Andelin published his writings in scientific journals but also compiled a lot of detailed information related to the Sámi people, as the Sámi were thought to be a primitive people heading towards extinction. The clergymen who came to Lapland also viewed the Sámi lands through the lens of cultivation. They gathered statistics, which could be used to justify the need for the efforts of agriculture in Lapland.
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“The neighbors on the roof of Europe” strengthen friendly relations
Статья научная
The article is devoted to analysis of Russian-Norwegian conference “Potential of town twinning for the effective development of the Northern territories” held in Arkhangelsk on the 22nd of September 2017. The review article examines the results of discussion about conditions and prospects of cross-border cooperation in the Northern areas of Russia and Norway. Special attention is paid to the innovative interregional projects with the participation of business, academia and municipalities of two countries, and studying the experience of the parties in the social, economic and cultural spheres.
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