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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
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Все статьи: 7297
Impact of foreign direct investment on domestic investment in developing countries
Статья научная
Author analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic investment in host developing countries and checks whether a foreign direct investment has a “positive” or “negative” impact on domestic investment, as well as evaluating the impact of selected variables on this relationship. Using a full sample, the main conclusion of this study is that FDI does have a positive (crowding out) effect on domestic investment in this sample of developing economies. In the short term, an increase in FDI by one percentage point as a percentage of GDP leads to an increase in total investment as a percentage of the host country’s GDP of about 10.7%, while in the long term this effect is about 31% dollar terms, one US dollar represents USD 1.7 of total investment in the short term and USD 3.1 in the long term. Based on the results of this study, it was once again proved that inflation hinders domestic investment in host countries by 0.04% and 0.12% in the short and long term, respectively.
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Impact of genetically modified organisms on human health
Статья научная
Investigates the impact of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) on human health. It is noted that the use of GMOs is increasing yearly worldwide. While gene technology, which has entered our lives through the creation of genetically modified organisms, shows benefits, it also presents certain challenges. These challenges include negative impacts on distribution and balance, toxic effects on plants, difficulties in fighting pathogens due to the development of antibiotic-resistant genes, gene transfers, and an increased risk of allergic reactions due to GMOs, all of which raise relevant questions about genetically modified organisms. It is highlighted that in recent years, biotechnology and the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) developed through biotechnological research methods are among the topics of most interest worldwide. Based on the information obtained from the research, the article explores the potential benefits, harms, and risks of genetically modified organisms, their effects on biodiversity, socioeconomic and legal dimensions, as well as consumer perspectives. In conclusion, it is stated that since the opinions of scientists around the world about the benefits and harms of GMO products are not unanimous, it would be more appropriate to consider the favorable natural conditions in our country for the cultivation of agricultural products and use ecologically clean food products.
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Статья научная
Cultivation of soil on the slopes of mountainous areas leads to a decrease in organic matter and nutrients in the soil and severe soil erosion. Grazing is one of the main reasons for the degradation of pastures and natural landscape, which increases the sensitivity of the soil to erosion. Soil erosion, in turn, pollutes water by increasing its turbidity and sometimes causes atrophy due to leakage of phosphorus and nitrogen. An average of 30.6 quintals of green mass or 7.8 quintals of dry grass per hectare was produced in the variant of grass seed sowing (without fertilizer), compared to the control variant, in the variant of grass seed sowing + N60P60K40 this indicator averaged 39.9 centners/ha of green mass. or more than 15.0%, resulting in the production of 10.0 quintals of dry or 14.7% more dry grass. Experimental field studies to improve pastures have shown that the fodder produced in each of the tested variants; green mass and dry grass supply and their nutritional value were higher than control.
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Impact of the pandemic on accelerating the development of e-commerce in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Статья научная
The article examined the use and implementation of ICT in Uzbekistan, also analyzed the current state of development of the Internet in Central Asia, including around the world, and how the pandemic affected the intensive development of e-commerce. It should be noted that the monthly Speedtest Global Index was also given, which contains data on the speed of mobile and fixed broadband Internet in the world. And the current state of Wi-Fi technology, which is considered one of the formats for transmitting digital data over radio channels.
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Implementation of Healthy Lifestyle Programs among Elderly and Senile Age Groups
Статья научная
This article examines the importance and practical aspects of implementing healthy lifestyle programs for elderly and senile age groups. The paper highlights the key directions of such programs, including the promotion of physical activity, balanced nutrition, prevention of chronic diseases, and the development of social and psychological support systems. Special attention is paid to the role of primary healthcare in coordinating health education, monitoring risk factors, and motivating older adults to adhere to recommended health practices. The analysis is based on recent research and practical experience, demonstrating that comprehensive healthy lifestyle programs significantly improve the quality of life, reduce morbidity, and contribute to active longevity. The study also identifies barriers to implementation and offers recommendations for optimizing these initiatives in the context of aging populations.
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Implementation of a unified billing system in housing and communal services
Статья научная
In this article, the main topics and goals of the work such as the study of billing systems of public services and the development of requirements, determining the needs in the system being created, analyzing the world’s best practices for combining all public services in one information field, determining ways to create a complex of unified billing system taking into account common technical requirements for billing systems, determining ways to develop and update the software to improve the quality of services to consumers in a single billing system are widely revealed. It is also worth noting that in this article, based on the study of modern Russian and international experience in implementing and improving a unified billing system in the industry of housing and communal services analyzed the existing barriers and the development of the industry, describes the main opportunities and promising areas of program support, organizational-economic and administrative measures to improve accessibility and improve housing and utilities and minimize utility costs of the population. Specific directions for Federal and international regional authorities to increase the investment attractiveness of innovative housing and communal services and the transition of this industry to an innovative vector of development are proposed.
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Implementing metacognitive strategies to develop vocabulary competence
Статья научная
Story is not widely emphasized to be taught in terms of asking students just to read the undesigned reading passages, teachers focus more on drilling students on the learning by heart the stories by famous writers rather than working on the content. This study looks at how well students majoring in education were able to spontaneously use metacognitive strategies for reading comprehension.
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Implementing quality assurance in higher education
Статья научная
This article highlights current issues of the organization of distance learning and its role in the educational policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The role of this form of education as a factor in improving the quality of education in higher education is considered. One of the factors for improving the quality of education in the system of higher professional education is the widespread adoption of modern information technologies, including multimedia and virtual. Modern information technologies in combination with pedagogical technologies can significantly increase the effectiveness of the educational process; to achieve a solution to the main problem: the development of cognitive skills of students, critical and creative thinking, the ability to independently construct their knowledge, navigate in the information space.
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Статья научная
Corylus avellana L. is a very common valuable shrub that usually regenerates naturally in mixed forests. Hazelnut cultivation in Azerbaijan has a very ancient history. Since ancient times, people have cultivated wild types of hazelnuts and cultivated high-quality hazelnut plants. The composition of hazelnut fruit is protein, fat (about 60-70%), carbohydrates (15-17%), 45% water, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron, etc. It is rich in minerals, vitamins A and E, B1, B5, B6, B9, B group vitamins. The root, stem, leaves and fruits of hazelnut are widely used in industry and medicine.
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Статья научная
Year by year the production of vegetables and fruits is growing in the independent Republic of Uzbekistan. The quality of the vegetables and fruits also depends on their type and grade, on the other hand, the duration of their harvesting and disposal, and their elimination, the availability of commodities, embossing, transporting and storing. When done in a timely and well-mannered way, the quality and nutrition of the product will increase. Particular attention is paid to the deep processing of agricultural raw materials and to the development of the storage of the stored crops. In 2015, the country has modernized and modernized 114 new agricultural refineries, 230 refineries and 77,000,800 tons of refrigeration cameras. Total storage capacity of fruits and vegetables in our country has reached 832 thousand tons. This will allow for a continuous increase in prices for seasonal seasonal supply of the population with major agricultural products, expanding exports of these products, and maintaining price stability. Today, agricultural specialists have a great deal of practical knowledge of the technologies of cultivation, storage and processing of agricultural products. Getting acquainted with the quality of agricultural products, familiarizing with the standardization system, developing the technology of storing and processing agricultural products will improve the quality of products and minimize the damage. The current economic reforms will satisfy the needs of the population with high quality food products, one of the most pressing issues is radically equalizing the world standards.
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Important Aspects in Assessing the Personal Qualities of Management Personnel
Статья научная
Each leader is a unique individual with unique management skills. In most cases, there is a view that the organization is a projection of the personality of the leader. Human nature is inherently complex. It is therefore not always appropriate to associate the leadership qualities of a leader with a style of leadership in exactly the same authoritarian, democratic or liberal form. In many cases, however, there are leaders in this balance. A leader - as a manager in the organization — must have the ability, talent and, of course, the psychological will to be able to react differently to different situations in the management process. Therefore, when appointing staff to management positions or analyzing the activities of management staff, there is a need to assess their personal qualities. Through such an assessment, it is possible to make decisions about the formation of the moral image of the leader in management, as well as the development of his personal qualities. Because for a person to have good professional qualities, his personal qualities must be good. The article argues that the role of the leader in the evaluation of management performance is important in the study, analysis and, if necessary, the development of conclusions. Several respondents participated in the analyses studied. The answers to the questions asked in the specially designed questionnaire were shaped by the questionnaires in them.
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Important tasks facing the preparation of highly qualified fine arts teachers in high schools
Статья научная
A highly qualified fine art teacher must be a creative personality who has grasped the basics of pedagogical mastery, who works confidently as an artist, who can effectively talk to students about the richness and characteristic features of fine art as a connoisseur of his work, and who can convincingly show students the charm of practical work on drawing and painting.
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Improvement of national accounting standards based on IAS 7
Статья научная
As a result of the improvement of the investment climate in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the direct inflow of direct investment to the sectors of the economy and regions is rising. Nowadays, an accounting and reporting system needs to be adapted to the requirements of international accounting standards for joint ventures and foreign companies to conduct their business operations. In accordance with the above requirements, we conducted a study to adapt the national standard to requirements of IFRS standards. As a result of the research, we proposed to change the phrase “Financial Institutions” instead of “Bank Institutions” in NAS 9. Scientifically based proposals were developed to change the national standard to classify for interest and dividends received and interest and dividend paid by type of activity under IFRS.
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Improvement of the analysis of period costs in construction organizations
Статья научная
There is a growing need to attract foreign investment in the construction industry, to determine the effectiveness of ongoing construction work, to form information on the financial and economic activities of construction companies. It also requires an analysis of the period costs of construction organizations by origin, by analyzing information related to operational activities. In this article, an author’s approach has been developed by studying the approaches to the costs of the period in the scientific and educational works of local and foreign economists. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the analysis of the factors influencing the change in administrative costs and the origin of period costs in construction organizations were studied by comparative analysis of international and domestic experience and recommendations were developed. The use of these recommendations allows the identification of factors influencing changes in administrative costs and their control.
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Improving Heat Transfer Efficiency in Systems with Low-Grade Heat Carriers Using Nanofluids
Статья научная
This article investigates the enhancement of heat transfer processes in energy systems operating with low-grade heat carriers through the application of nanofluids. Nanofluids, which are colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, demonstrate superior thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer properties compared to traditional fluids. The study includes a review of recent experimental and numerical research on nanofluid behavior in lowtemperature conditions, the selection of optimal nanoparticle materials, and the influence of concentration, flow regime, and surface characteristics on heat transfer performance. Results indicate that the use of nanofluids can significantly improve energy efficiency in low-temperature heat exchange systems such as geothermal plants, heat pumps, and solar collectors. Recommendations are provided for the practical integration of nanofluids into existing thermal systems, considering technical and economic factors.
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Статья научная
This article discusses about the development of management skills and leadership potential of the higher education institutions and these establishments play an important role in improving the quality of education, effective organization of scientific and innovative activities in the country. Priorities have been identified for the development of proposals and recommendations on the meaningful and targeted organization of work on training, retraining, advanced training and development of scientific and innovative activities of teachers in the higher education system.
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Статья научная
The article describes the importance of diversifying in the agriculture production. The main directions of diversification of production have been identified due to the production capacity of each region of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The directions of diversification of agricultural production in the Republic of Karakalpakstan are determined on the basis of the production potential of the regions. The statistical analysis of the production of basic agricultural products has been carried out. We can see from the analyzes that the production of vegetables, melons and dairy products corresponds to the level of consumer demand in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. However, the needs of the population in fruits, berries, eggs, grapes, fish, honey and potatoes remain unsatisfactory. The degree of the diversification in agriculture production is very low. Analyzing the composition of arable land in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, 75% of the total arable land is allocated for cotton and grain crops. Despite significant growth in the vegetable, melon and livestock sectors in the country, the service infrastructure, material resources and most research and educational institutions are intended to grow raw cotton and cereals. But availability of natural lakes, convenience of growing fodder for poultry, availability of labor force allow to raise the degree of the agricultural diversification in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The level of use of land, water, labor and other opportunities varies in different regions of the Republic. Therefore, the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan is divided into 4 conditional zones and the main directions of the agricultural diversification are determined for each region separately.
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Improving the management of organizational and economic mechanisms of chemical industry enterprises
Статья научная
The effective development of the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in a competitive market economy and the increasing trends of globalization affecting the chemical industry is carried out on the basis of an investment policy that takes into account modern realities and is aimed at intensifying production and reducing the impact of negative factors hindering the progressive socio-economic development of the state. The reforms carried out in the country to establish a market economy have predetermined the long-term importance of the chemical industry as generating a multiplicative effect in the social and economic spheres. Improving the organizational and economic mechanism of a chemical industry enterprise involves interaction in the operational and strategic management of restructuring projects of industry enterprises. In the article, the author attempts to consider some issues of improving the management of organizational and economic mechanisms at enterprises of the chemical industry of the economy of Uzbekistan.
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In situ H-ZSM-5 zeolite deactivation study in dimethyl ether to hydrocarbons transformation reaction
Статья научная
Today, catalytic processes for the synthetic fuel components production are of considerable interest for both scientific and industrial area. The transformation of dimethyl ether into hydrocarbons is one of the possible solutions for the development of a closed hydrocarbon cycle, in connection with which a wide study of this process is an important task of modern catalysis. The transformation of dimethyl ether into hydrocarbons occurs with the formation of heavy polyaromatic hydrocarbons, which are deposited on the surface of active centers, which in turn prevents the further occurrence of chemical processes on their surface. This article presents a study of the deactivation of zeolite H-ZSM-5 by the thermogravimetric method in situ. The results of experiments carried out in the temperature range from to 300 to 400 °C are presented. The accumulation of carbon deposits in the first hour of operation indicates the presence of an induction period due to the formation of the first layer of carbon deposits. Linear decontamination occurs when the first five weight percent of carbon deposits accumulate. Further accumulation of carbon deposits up to eight weight percent leads to a sharp decrease in the rate of conversion of dimethyl ether into hydrocarbons to 0.08 kg (DME) / (kg (Cat) h). In the first hour of operation, aromatic hydrocarbons predominate in the reaction medium; with increasing time, the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons decreases, and the concentration of light olefins and alkanes increases due to carbonization of the catalyst surface. The concentration of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons with a number of carbon atoms equal to or greater than eleven has a maximum after 240 minutes of reaction. The decrease in the content of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons after 240 minutes of reaction can be explained by the sharp loss of surface acidity due to carbonation.
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Incidence and Trends of Brucellosis in Azerbaijan from 2000 to 2024
Статья научная
Brucellosis, a zoonotic infectious disease, is a serious problem in Azerbaijan. Monitoring is essential for effective disease control. The objective of the study was to analyze the incidence rate and trends of brucellosis in Azerbaijan from 2000 to 2024. Incidence rates per 100,000 population were calculated and a trend analysis was conducted. The number of registered brucellosis cases decreased from 649 in 2000 (8.2 per 100,000) to 364 in 2010 (4.1 per 100,000). Between 2011 and 2020, incidence rates fluctuated, peaking in 2019 at 551 cases (5.5 per 100,000), with a sharp decline to 190 cases (1.9 per 100,000) in 2020. The decline continued between 2021 and 2024, with 210 cases (2.1 per 100,000) recorded in 2024. Despite a decline in brucellosis incidence in Azerbaijan over the past two decades, the disease remains endemic. Strengthened surveillance and preventive measures are needed to further reduce incidence.
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