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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 8087
Improving the management of organizational and economic mechanisms of chemical industry enterprises
Статья научная
The effective development of the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in a competitive market economy and the increasing trends of globalization affecting the chemical industry is carried out on the basis of an investment policy that takes into account modern realities and is aimed at intensifying production and reducing the impact of negative factors hindering the progressive socio-economic development of the state. The reforms carried out in the country to establish a market economy have predetermined the long-term importance of the chemical industry as generating a multiplicative effect in the social and economic spheres. Improving the organizational and economic mechanism of a chemical industry enterprise involves interaction in the operational and strategic management of restructuring projects of industry enterprises. In the article, the author attempts to consider some issues of improving the management of organizational and economic mechanisms at enterprises of the chemical industry of the economy of Uzbekistan.
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In situ H-ZSM-5 zeolite deactivation study in dimethyl ether to hydrocarbons transformation reaction
Статья научная
Today, catalytic processes for the synthetic fuel components production are of considerable interest for both scientific and industrial area. The transformation of dimethyl ether into hydrocarbons is one of the possible solutions for the development of a closed hydrocarbon cycle, in connection with which a wide study of this process is an important task of modern catalysis. The transformation of dimethyl ether into hydrocarbons occurs with the formation of heavy polyaromatic hydrocarbons, which are deposited on the surface of active centers, which in turn prevents the further occurrence of chemical processes on their surface. This article presents a study of the deactivation of zeolite H-ZSM-5 by the thermogravimetric method in situ. The results of experiments carried out in the temperature range from to 300 to 400 °C are presented. The accumulation of carbon deposits in the first hour of operation indicates the presence of an induction period due to the formation of the first layer of carbon deposits. Linear decontamination occurs when the first five weight percent of carbon deposits accumulate. Further accumulation of carbon deposits up to eight weight percent leads to a sharp decrease in the rate of conversion of dimethyl ether into hydrocarbons to 0.08 kg (DME) / (kg (Cat) h). In the first hour of operation, aromatic hydrocarbons predominate in the reaction medium; with increasing time, the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons decreases, and the concentration of light olefins and alkanes increases due to carbonization of the catalyst surface. The concentration of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons with a number of carbon atoms equal to or greater than eleven has a maximum after 240 minutes of reaction. The decrease in the content of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons after 240 minutes of reaction can be explained by the sharp loss of surface acidity due to carbonation.
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Incidence and Trends of Brucellosis in Azerbaijan from 2000 to 2024
Статья научная
Brucellosis, a zoonotic infectious disease, is a serious problem in Azerbaijan. Monitoring is essential for effective disease control. The objective of the study was to analyze the incidence rate and trends of brucellosis in Azerbaijan from 2000 to 2024. Incidence rates per 100,000 population were calculated and a trend analysis was conducted. The number of registered brucellosis cases decreased from 649 in 2000 (8.2 per 100,000) to 364 in 2010 (4.1 per 100,000). Between 2011 and 2020, incidence rates fluctuated, peaking in 2019 at 551 cases (5.5 per 100,000), with a sharp decline to 190 cases (1.9 per 100,000) in 2020. The decline continued between 2021 and 2024, with 210 cases (2.1 per 100,000) recorded in 2024. Despite a decline in brucellosis incidence in Azerbaijan over the past two decades, the disease remains endemic. Strengthened surveillance and preventive measures are needed to further reduce incidence.
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Incidence of Influenza and Acute upper Respiratory tract Infections in Azerbaijan (2000–2024)
Статья научная
Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remain a significant public health concern globally, particularly in developing countries. In Azerbaijan, these infections contribute substantially to morbidity across all age groups, especially during seasonal peaks. Objective: This study aims to analyze the epidemiological trends of acute respiratory infections in Azerbaijan over the past two decades, with a focus on incidence dynamics and demographic distribution. Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted using official data from the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan for the years 2000–2024. Incidence rates per 100,000 population were calculated annually, and trends were assessed across different time periods and age groups. Results: The data revealed fluctuating but generally increasing incidence rates of ARIs between 2000 and 2019, followed by a noticeable decline during the COVID-19 pandemic years (2020–2021). However, post-pandemic years (2022–2024) showed a resurgence in cases. The highest burden was consistently observed among children and the elderly. Conclusion: The long-term analysis highlights the persistent burden of ARIs in Azerbaijan and underscores the importance of sustained surveillance, vaccination strategies, and seasonal preparedness. The COVID-19 pandemic notably disrupted the usual patterns of ARI transmission, indicating the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on respiratory diseases.
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Increasing Livestock Production and Improving its Quality in Western Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The article discusses ways to improve the quality and production of livestock products in the western zone of the “Gapanli” rural farm located in the Shamkir region. From the research work we conducted, it became clear that the skins of fine-wooled sheep are superior to those of coarse-wooled sheep in terms of area, but on the contrary, the thickness of the skin is lower in fine-wooled sheep. Since the strength of the skin is related to its thickness and density, the strength of the skins of coarse-wooled sheep is superior to that of fine-wooled ones. The purpose of the experiment is to discuss the physical-mechanical and technological properties of sheep with different wool compositions. The study of the physical-mechanical and technological properties of wool showed that the quality of wool depends largely on the histological cleaning of wool hairs. The research work was conducted in the “Gapanli” rural farm located in the Shamkir region. The study of imprecise semi-finished products also showed that such indicators pass even thin threads due to their properties. It is possible to obtain precise, soft and light clothing material from thin wool. The study of the commercial quality of sheep wool and skins has shown that it is very important to accurately determine the production quality of wool and skins.
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Increasing of magnetic devices lifting capacity and its efficience in shut down wells
Статья научная
The effectiveness of the point of application of force for lifting the objects from the bottom of oil and gas wells has been investigated. It the proven, that if the force to lift the deposited objects is applied not at the center of gravity of the object but at one end, then the force required is four times less than the force applied to the center of gravity of the object.
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Indicator analysis of social and economic security
Статья научная
Ensuring social and economic security is implemented in the system of criteria and characteristics. The criterion of social and economic security is the assessment of the state of what is happening in terms of the main processes that reflect the essence of social and economic security. Criteria-based security assessment includes assessment of resource potential and probability of co-development; the value of the effectiveness of the use of resources, money and labor and its ratio to the level in developed countries, as well as the level at which the danger of internal and external properties are minimized; competitiveness of the economy; unity of territories and financial and economic space; sovereignty, independence and ability to counter external threats; social strength and criteria for the prevention and resolution of social incidents. In most cases, the system of characteristics-indicators of social and economic security should be allocated: the degree and quality of life; inflation rates; unemployment rate; financial and economic growth; lack of budget; public debt; integration into the global economy; the situation of foreign exchange reserves; the presence of the shadow economy.
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Indicators of the dynamics of perinatal hypoxia in newborns
Статья научная
A comprehensive study of clinical and neurological changes in newborns in the relationship between the nature and duration of perinatal hypoxia (PH) was carried out. To assess the state of clinical and neurological changes, 52 newborns who underwent perinatal hypoxia were examined. The anamnesis of mothers who underwent combined perinatal hypoxia was significantly worse than in the group of children with acute asphyxia. Anemia, acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI), preeclampsia, fetoplacental insufficiency (FPI), the duration of the anhydrous interval, pathological childbirth served as predisposing factors contributing to the development of perinatal hypoxia. For an objective quantitative assessment of the dynamics of the neurological status of newborns, the “Scoring of the severity of perinatal encephalopathy”, developed at the Research Institute of Pediatrics of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences by A.A. Stepanov (1998), was used. It is based on an integrated assessment of motor activity, innate reflexes and behavioral reactions of newborns, taking into account the quantitative characteristics of each newborn. The data obtained indicate that the duration of hypoxia, the state of health, the course of pregnancy and childbirth in the mother determine the severity of perinatal brain damage and affect the severity of clinical and neurological patterns. Combined perinatal hypoxia leads to deeper brain disorders and contributes to the formation of two or more syndromes in one child.
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Industrial development and role in the national economy
Статья научная
The article analyzes the views of researchers, as well as the state of the construction materials industry. The most important industry in terms of forming and stimulating its development, creating conditions for the sustainable development of related industries, and providing infrastructure support is the production of building materials. At the same time, the success of projects in the field of housing and infrastructure development in the Republic depends on the development of the construction materials industry. The main drivers of construction growth in the future may be road and housing construction programs financed from budgets of various levels, as well as the projected growth of construction volumes in the commercial real estate segments.
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Industry of the Republic of Belarus: problems of social and economic security
Статья научная
The article identifies 4 groups of economic entities, which are the basic objects of influence in the industrial sphere. Their choice is made on the basis of the presented indicators: the vector for the implementation of the domestic market, the ability to expand the scope of implementation of the state financial and economic interests, the orientation of production to the market situation, the use of high-quality (“developed”) resources and the ability to produce a product with high added value, profitability of production and the ability to guarantee progressive development on the financial and economic basis of the country. Apart from this, the formation of the mechanism and methods of state support of economic entities showed that the implementation of priority financial and economic interest is dependent on foreign investments. The provisions of the methodological approach adopted in the industry of the Republic of Belarus to the selection of state support facilities are consistent with the previously mentioned fact that it does not take into account the probability of multidirectional sectoral values and priority financial and economic interests. These results make it possible to conclude that such a methodological approach does not take into account the situation when the export-oriented unit has the ability to be unprofitable. This situation is not excluded. This is justified by the foreign economic specifics, according to which to consolidate the positions of economic entities on the external perimeter will need to take into account more points than on the internal. For example, the stability of the currency, the dynamics of the market rate of foreign monetary units, the specifics of the country's exchange rate policy, the peculiarities of the tax legislation of other countries where products are sold, etc. Means that the argument for the choice of priority financial and economic interests and the factor of the performance of the system of ensuring socio-economic security of the industrial sector of the Republic of Belarus in the vector of industry values without taking into account the rationality of the structure of these interests cannot be considered complete and exhaustive.
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Infinitesimales, a divergence and methods of summation
Статья научная
Positive definitions made it possible to prove new theorems on well-known objects of analysis: numerical sequences and series. The estimates of the quantity of all primes and the largest of them are obtained.
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Inflammatory Diseases of the Digestive System Organs: Gastritis, Enteritis, and Colitis
Статья научная
This research study analyzes the one-year (2025–2026) clinical and statistical indicators of inflammatory pathologies of the digestive system—specifically gastritis, enteritis, and colitis—which represent critical challenges in modern medicine. The research materials comprise anamnesis data, structured questionnaire surveys, and histopathological examination results obtained via endoscopic biopsies from patients presenting with gastrointestinal complaints. Statistical analyses demonstrate that delayed diagnosis of persistent inflammatory processes directly establishes a predisposition for destructive gastrointestinal tract changes and the development of malignancies, such as gastric, colon, and rectal cancers. Ultimately, this study substantiates early diagnostic criteria and proposes effective prevention strategies to mitigate disease incidence.
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Influence of at winglets wingtips on the inductive reactance of the wing
Статья научная
In this article by the method of equations of steady horizontal flight the impact of AT winglets wingtips on the inductive reactance of the wing is explored. The total aerodynamic force, created by all four parts of the wingtips is determined. The vector of the total aerodynamic force of the wingtips is represented in the form of components of a linked coordinate system. Equilibrium equations for the steady motion of an aircraft with AT winglets wingtips in a horizontal flight are recorded. From these equations it is obtained that, in the direction of motion, the longitudinal component of the vector of the total aerodynamic force of the tips reduces the inductive drag of the wing, the vertical component is added to the lifting force of the wing, and the lateral component, due to symmetry, is zero. It is shown that the lifting force created by the AT winglets wingtips is larger compared to the same ones created by the upper tips. An important consequence is that the distribution of the lifting force over the wing span with double tips is more even in comparison with the wing without a tip or with a wing with the upper wingtip. The expression for the effective aspect ratio of the wing with the tips is determined, which is greater than the inductive drag of the wing without the tip. An interesting result is obtained: for identical aircraft weights, the product of effective aspect ratio of the wings with double and only upper wingtips on their coefficients of inductive resistance is equal to the product of the wing aspect ratio without a tip on its coefficient of inductive resistance. This law can also be formulated as follows: at the constant weight of the aircraft, the effective aspect ratio of the wing with the tips by its coefficient of inductive resistance is a constant value, independent of the form of wingtips.
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Статья научная
Determination of optimal fertilizer norms under tomato vegetation related to vegetable growing is a very important issue. For this purpose, the influence of various forms of nitrogen on the background of organic fertilizers on the background of the biometric data of the “Preliminary” tomato varieties, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of tomato bushes have been studied. Also, the biochemical indicators of tomatoes were studied. It has been shown that no fertilization of the fertilizers in the fertilizer (10 t/ha) + N90P90K90 was observed in the fertilizer, but the tomato fruit weight and diameter increased, and the nitrates contained in it did not exceed the norm.
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Influence of sodium chloride on physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat genotypes
Статья научная
The effect of sodium chloride on physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat genotypes was studied. Wheat plants were grown in pots in soil with the addition of 0.5% sodium chloride. To create new salt-tolerant wheat varieties, a comparative analysis of morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of plants was carried out. Morphological and physiological parameters such as growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, photochemical activity of chloroplasts and PSII activity were studied in wheat plants. The effect of salt on the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, which are the main physiological parameters, is manifested differently in both plants. When studying the salt tolerance of plants, differences were found in the relative amount of chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids, as well as the photochemical activity of chloroplasts and the efficiency of PS 2. Among the varieties, according to all morphophysiological and biochemical indicators, the soft wheat variety Mirbashir 128 turned out to be the most resistant to the effects of salt.
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Influence of some environmental factors on the phanerophytes in ex situ conditions
Статья научная
The article studied and analyzed the effects of wind, light and temperature on the phanerophytes used in landscaping the Absheron Peninsula (Azerbaijan). When studying the interaction of light with the studied plants, it was found that 311 species are heliophytes, and 51 are sciophytes. The study showed that 298 species unstable to wind and 64 wind resistant. In terms of heat resistance, the studied plants were divided into 3 groups: resistant to high (54-56 °C), moderate (52 °C) and low (48-50°C) temperature. The results of the study showed that these environmental factors are crucial and make a number of changes in the dynamics of plant development.
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Influence of the Para-Aminobenzoic Acid–NiSO₄·7H₂O Complex on In Vitro Proliferation of Gisela-5
Статья научная
In this study, we synthesised a coordination compound resulting from the interaction of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with nickel (II) sulfate heptahydrate (NiSO₄·7H₂O). To clarify its structural features, the complex was examined by FT-IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Its biological influence was tested on Gisela-5 rootstock grown in vitro through microclonal propagation. The compound was added to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at four concentrations: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg·100 mL⁻¹. The treatment containing 1.5 mg·100 mL⁻¹ promoted the highest proliferation rate, nearly 90%. These observations suggest that the PABA-NiSO₄·7H₂O complex may act as a useful biostimulant for enhancing plant tissue culture growth.
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Influence of wingtip type at winglets on the aerodynamic quality of wings
Статья научная
In this article by the method of equations of steady horizontal flight the impact AT winglets wingtips on the wing aerodynamic quality is explored. Determine the total aerodynamic force, created by all four parts of the endings. The vector of the total aerodynamic force of the endings is found in the form of components along the associated coordinate system. Equilibrium equations for the forces acting on the aircraft are recorded, with the linear motion of the aircraft with wing tips of the AT winglets type in a horizontal flight established. From these equations it is obtained that, in the direction of motion, the longitudinal component of the vector of the total aerodynamic force of the tips reduces the drag of the wing, and the vertical component increases the lifting force and this increases the aerodynamic quality of the wing. The components of the vector of the total aerodynamic force in the transverse direction from the left and right ends of the wing counterbalance each other By virtue of symmetry. Naturally, provided that the weight of the aircraft is constant and the speed of a straight horizontal flight, the angle of attack of the aircraft with the wing with endings like AT winglets should be reduced in order to observe the equality of the lift and the weight of the aircraft. A decrease in the angle of attack, in turn, leads to a decrease in the drag force. The effect of the aerodynamic wing tips on the maximum value of aerodynamic quality is studied. The expression for the aerodynamic lift coefficient at the most advantageous angle of attack is found. It is shown that the aerodynamic wing tips reduce the coefficient of lift of the wing without endings at the most advantageous angle of attack.
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Статья научная
In this paper, the process of adsorption of phenol derivatives, polyaminopolycarboxylic acids (PFPA) and tertiary amine salt, modeled on semi-empirical ZINDO/1, on iron (available in different grades of steel in the amount of 90-97%) is presented. The structures of the phenol derivatives for the study were chosen without complicating the structure, and the isomers of the position of the substituents were chosen. The structures of polyaminopolycarboxylic acids for the study were chosen according to the structure complication. In the course of the study, the following compositions were obtained and analyzed: compositions of the complexes obtained, global and local electrophilicity values, a graph showing the dependence of the charge density on the iron atom on the protective effect. For the first time, the interclass aspect of corrosion protection will be considered, where the generality of the investigated quantum-chemical approach for different classes of organic inhibitors, which are also found in different corrosive environments, will be proved.
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Статья научная
This article examines the poultry disease laryngotracheitis, caused by opportunistic microbes that result in economic losses for poultry farms in Azerbaijan. Factors contributing to the spread of laryngotracheitis are identified. Recommendations for the use of plants with anti-inflammatory phytobiotic activity are offered. Strict veterinary monitoring is recommended to prevent the occurrence of such viral infectious diseases. Periodic general and laboratory examinations, proper care, the use of plants with phytobiotic activity, and limiting contact between objects and living creatures outside the confines of a single room minimize the risk of infection and spread.
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