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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 7297
Статья научная
The militarization of outer space poses not only geopolitical risks but also significant threats to the environmental sustainability of the near-Earth orbit. This article explores the international legal mechanisms aimed at preventing the deployment and use of weapons in space. It analyzes the foundational treaties, including the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, the Liability Convention of 1972, and other UN resolutions and soft law instruments. Particular attention is paid to the environmental implications of space militarization, such as the increase in space debris and the risks of contamination from nuclear-powered satellites and anti-satellite weapon tests. The paper argues for the strengthening of legal frameworks to ensure both the peaceful use of outer space and the protection of its fragile environment, proposing a harmonization of space law and environmental law principles.
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Lemon health properties, content and use of lemon essential oil
Статья научная
The presented article provides information on the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the fruits of the lemon tree cultivated in the Lankaran and Astara districts of Azerbaijan, which have a subtropical climate, and its application in various fields of industry. During the research, essential oil was obtained from lemon fruits and leaves collected from the southern regions of Azerbaijan by the Ginzberg hydrodistillation method in the Industrially Important Plants laboratory of the Institute of Dendrology. The component composition of the obtained essential oil was analyzed in Kristal 2000 M gas chromatography. The areas of application of lemon essential oil have been investigated: Lemon essential oil has a pleasant aroma. Citral is the component that gives the specific pleasant smell of lemon. 90% of its composition is terpene-limonene, and 3-6% is citral aldehyde. Since lemon essential oil is of high quality, it can be widely used in various fields of industry.
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Lexical Borrowings and Semantic Shift in Digital Neologisms of Chinese-English Origin
Статья научная
This article explores the phenomenon of lexical borrowing and semantic shift within digital neologisms that have emerged at the intersection of Chinese and English languages. The rapid development of digital communication and social media platforms has facilitated a dynamic exchange of linguistic elements between cultures, giving rise to unique hybrid terms. The study analyzes the etymology, adaptation, and contextual meanings of selected Chinese-English neologisms used in online discourse. Special attention is given to how borrowed words undergo semantic transformation during cross-cultural integration, reflecting changing social values, technological innovation, and evolving communicative norms. Drawing on examples from platforms such as WeChat, TikTok (Douyin), and Xiaohongshu, this paper highlights how digital spaces function as laboratories for lexical experimentation and identity expression. The research contributes to the understanding of global linguistic convergence and the role of technology in shaping modern vocabulary.
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Lexical means for describing human appearance and character
Статья научная
The paper analyses lexical means for describing human appearance. The most productive types of lexical units are compound words and phraseological units. Simple words describe human appearances in general, but compound nouns give specific information.
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Lexical-semantic and stylistic shadeness of poetic synonyms
Статья научная
Synonyms, as a rule, are distinguished by their unique qualities from other lexical units from the lexical-semantic point of view in the language. So, mainly two aspects attract more attention in this group of words. First, they are close in meaning. Some linguists even call them synonymous, depending on the meaning of the synonym word. On the other hand, synonymy is the diversity of words in terms of form. In addition to the common aspects of synonyms and their main features such as their capacity, processing in a wide aspect, gaining richness, creating comparison, elimination of repetition, nuances of meaning, emotional-expressiveness, each language also has its own characteristics. Based on this issue, the article discusses the general and different aspects of the lexical-semantic composition of synonyms in the artistic language, their poetic figurative functions, and explains each of them separately. In addition, synonymous rows their composition, the structure of these rows, the place of the dominant in the row and its distinguishing features, the function of phraseological units as synonym are explained in detail in the artistic language. Here, at the same time, the essence of synonyms is revealed in the artistic language as a concise, laconic description means, from the variety of images, events, conditions, etc. the emergence of the need to use new synonyms has been clarified. In this regard, the stylistic aspects of synonyms have been highlighted in artistic language. When having a broad conversation based on the stylistic nuances of synonyms in the artistic language, a number of issues that create a specific meaning variety of synonyms within the context, including their juxtaposition, the meaning capacity and breadth of any word in a synonymous line, the pairing of a number of words as synonyms, and the strengthening of meaning in a sentence, increasing harmony, appropriate expression of characters' moods, feelings and emotions, etc. more attention has been paid to such main aspects.
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Статья научная
Campanula L. is the largest genus of Campanulaceae family and comprises about 400 (as well as 110 species in Caucasus and 46 species in Azerbaijan flora) herbaceous perennial, sometimes annual and biennial monocarp species distributed in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. Most of Campanula species are cosmopolitan. The species of this genus have long been used in the national economy, primarily as decorative plants, but also as pollinator, melliferous, food and medicinal plants. The genus Campanula L. yet does not have a modern taxonomic classification, although many species are of high horticultural value, and many are rare and endangered. The only monograph was published by A. de Candolle (1830). The final systematic composition of the genus was given in Flora of the Caucasus by M. E. Oganesian and V. V. Shvanova (2008). Representatives of this genus grows in various environmental conditions: forests, meadows, rocks and rarely in deserts and semi - deserts. Most of them are numerous and varied in high mountains, in the subalpine and alpine belts.
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Limits of normal indicators of the amount of formal elements in the blood of 3-month-old rabbits
Статья научная
In our scientific research, several physiologically and biochemically important parameters were studied in the blood of 3-month-old rabbits: glucose hemostasis, pH-indicator and the amount of immune hemoglobin. In this experiment, we obtained interesting facts about hypoxia and physical loads, the initial changes in blood and their dynamics during the joint application of these factors. We considered that in the experimental work carried out in this direction, it is also important to study the quantitative changes of the main morphological (cellular) structures-shaped elements in the blood of 3-month-old rabbits in the above-mentioned experimental models. From the obtained results, it became clear that the physiological necessity of neither leukocytes, nor lymphocytes, nor monocytes to strengthen the body’s immune defense system during such physical loads is almost too weak, this was confirmed in a number of experiments. This is also shown by our research work. However, a number of experimental evidence show that very high motor activity can lead to a more or less increase in the number of platelets in the animal body. Due to the increase of erythrocytes and platelets, hematological parameters such as hematocrit and thrombocrit can also increase. In the latter version of this study, we induced 3-month-old rabbits to perform a 10-min act of treadmill running immediately after 20 min of severe hypoxic exposure. It is very interesting that in the first hours of the experiment, the shape elements of the blood and other morphometric indicators (hemotocrit and thrombocrit levels) were manifested in 3-month-old rabbits only within the limits of changes that occurred when severe hypoxia was applied. Therefore, it can be concluded that hypoxia is the factor affecting blood and its composition in a complex experimental model such as hypoxia + physical load.
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Linguapragmatic analyze of greetings in Persian and Uzbek languages
Статья научная
Communication is an important part of people’s life. The communicating way can be the first reason for both success and failure in further progression or regression. Communicating in a proper and polite way with the people in the different cultural background is becoming one of the most important matters that still lacks researching. Cross-cultural communication happens between two or more people who have different cultural background where the politeness has powerful role. Politeness is the practical application of good manners or etiquette; however, it can vary differently in a different culture, namely, what is considered polite in one culture can sometimes be quite rude or unusual in another cultural context. Studying speech etiquette units deeply in one language and comparing them to a particular language can give a great chance to avoid common and uncommon mistakes, misunderstandings and it let learners classify, realize the phrases, words semantically according to certain criteria...
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Linguapragmatic approach to tourism communication
Статья научная
The article gives an overview of the linguapragmatic approach to tourism communication and analysis of its main components, revealing interconnection between pragmatic linguistics and theory of speech acts. The structure and content of professional intercultural competence is substantiated in the article, which is formed within the linguapragmatic approach to teaching English for professional communication. The article also presents the recommendations on an effective communication for teachers and students based on the analysis of culturally specific behavioral strategies typical of the tourism industry.
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Linguistic activity of Shahtakhtli during the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Статья научная
The end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries are considered a period of revival of national awakening, self-awareness and the emergence of ideas of independence in the aesthetic and public opinion of Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic occupies a special place in the history of state independence of our people. In the Republic of Azerbaijan, special importance is attached to the literary language. Azerbaijani linguistics has an ancient history. Studying the history of this linguistics, determining the role and place of outstanding linguists, enlightened intellectuals who played an important role in its development, is of great importance in terms of writing a complete history of the linguistic thought of our scientific linguistics. The Azerbaijani people, with a rich history and enormous scientific heritage, have produced outstanding public figures. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, one of the greatest linguists of Azerbaijan, who rose to the level of European standards, was the great public figure Muhammad Agha Shakhtakhtli. The prominent prose writer M. Shakhtakhtli tried to implement the ideas of education by publishing journalistic articles in the Russian-language press of the Caucasus, raised with government authorities the importance of educating the people through the media, and preached the need to reform the alphabet. . Studying and working in Europe, in the capital of France, Paris, M. Shakhtakhtli grew up as an outstanding linguist and published numerous articles in the European press about Eastern culture, the development of Azerbaijani education, and the reform of the Arabic alphabet.
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Статья научная
This article examines the linguistic features of parliamentary debates in the Jogorku Kenesh, focusing on the persuasive and conflict strategies employed by Kyrgyz parliamentarians. The study analyzes rhetorical techniques, argumentation patterns, and discursive practices used to influence legislative decision-making and public opinion. Particular attention is paid to how language is strategically utilized to assert dominance, build alliances, and navigate political conflicts within the parliament. The findings highlight the interplay between cultural, social, and political factors in shaping the linguistic dynamics of parliamentary discourse in Kyrgyzstan.
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Linguistic and culturological analysis of the Kyrgyz speech etiquette of greeting
Статья научная
The article studies various formulae of the Kyrgyz speech etiquette of greeting. Within the scope of this work the lexical and semantic classification of greetings is provided and lingua-culturological comments are given. Greeting speech formulae constitute meaningful components of the speech act, since its fundamental function lies in its phatic function, and initiation of the polite and benevolent behaviour during communication, as well. Speech etiquette may depend on situation and context of the act of communication, such as: participants of communication act (status, gender, age), type of communication (formal/ informal), place and time (highly honored guests; time of a day etc.), theme and goal of communication (friendly relations, happy and unhappy events, etc.). In the Kyrgyz lingua-culture greeting formulas are used in compliance with the norms of etiquette behavior. Moreover, great variety of examples of the Kyrgyz speech etiquette of greetings is studied, which is used depending on situation and other parameters of act of communication. Specific attention is given to description of greetings in the Kyrgyz language that convey national and cultural shade explicitly, which is signified by ways of establishing contact. Lingua culturological analysis of the Kyrgyz speech etiquette of greeting is evidenced by illustrative material taken from classical literary works.
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Статья научная
At present, special attention is paid in the cognitive linguistics to the problem of linguistic units that represent different knowledge structures. Phraseological units, being one of the core linguistic means of verbalization of different knowledge structures, are ought to be analyzed thoroughly. Further to this, idiomatic expressions and proverbs are vital signals in verbalization of cultural values and national specific concepts which leads to the necessity of linguo-cultural analysis of these units. This article is aimed to analyze phraseological units with the fire component in English language according to cultural and cognitive parameters and to identify cultural values and cognitive models that are presented by these expressions.
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Linguocultural analysis of the eye as a symbol in English and Kyrgyz songs
Статья научная
This article presents a linguistic and cultural analysis of the symbolic meaning of the concept "eye" in English and Kyrgyz songs. The study examines cultural features in the perception and use of the eye image in the song discourse of two nations. Particular attention is given to how the eye acts as a symbol of emotions, wisdom, intuition, and social interaction. The research identifies both commonalities and unique elements in the perception of the eye, shaped by the cultural and mental characteristics of English- and Kyrgyz-speaking audiences. This work provides a deeper understanding of cultural values and symbols through a linguistic and cultural analysis of song lyrics.
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Logistic management of environmental safety of passenger transport
Статья научная
Analysis of air samples taken from the dense traffic sections of urban transport of different compositions revealed that the value of NOX, CXHy and CO emitted into the environment by vehicles depend on the traffic flow density and composition. It has been revealed that in those areas of the urban traffic networks where the urban passenger transport prevails in the traffic flow composition, the indicator of traffic-related air pollution is much higher, so the management of the road transport processes by using the logistical arrangements of the traffic flows should be carried out taking into account the environmental safety criteria. The paper dwells on three different levels of management of environmental safety of vehicles as follows: the mega-level of the formation of regional transport; the micro-level of management of passenger routes, and the individual level (driver - vehicle) of traffic management.
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Logistic management of urban public transport
Статья научная
Problems of passenger transport, lack of resources, growth and high competition of taxis and taxis on the route, logistics management of public transport, modernization of urban public transport, problems of waiting for passengers and the procedure for setting tariffs for passenger services.
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Статья научная
Rational use of natural resources and preservation of environment in good conditions are the basis of stable state of the ecosystem. Mountain soil erosion is the most common process of degradation. Soil protection from erosion is becoming a global problem in the world, and in Uzbekistan, in particular. Natural conditions of the region create a potential danger of soil erosion. The reason for its manifestation is the misuse of land, non-compliance with necessary requirements for soil protection. In most cases, it is due to the location of homesteads and crops on erosion-prone soils that poorly protect soil from erosion, improper cultivation of soils on arable land, unregulated grazing of pastures, and damage to soil protective plantations.
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Статья научная
The article talks about the characteristics of main parasites of crops, their characteristics. Efforts to control these plant parasites involve integrated pest management strategies, including sustainable crop varieties, cultural practices, biological control, and judicious use of chemical interventions. Continued monitoring and research is critical to developing sustainable solutions to reduce the impact of these pests on global agriculture.
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Main values of wedding traditions and representation of wedding concept by language means
Статья научная
This work is devoted to the linguo-cognitive and linguocultural study of the concept of “wedding”. The concept as a universal category plays a very important role in the culture of every nation; in all languages they reflect not only universal concepts, but also completely different meanings and properties of the objective world, which explains their different manifestations in language. The linguistic picture of the world influences people and forms their linguistic consciousness, and with them their cultural and national identity. The influence of cultural and human factors on the formation and functioning of various linguistic units (lexemes, free and non-free phrases or idioms, and even texts) are culturally marked in the content, which is embodied in national connotations. This study illustrates a comparative study of wedding traditions reflected in English, Russian and Kyrgyz cultural linguistics. Marriage, being a universal human “universal” - the only possible form of social life, although extremely variable, has a national specificity. Marriage is a mirror that reflects the social, legal, demographic and cultural aspects of the life of peoples. It shows the complex palette of the social relations system. The relevance of this study is due to a number of factors: the high importance of the linguocultural concept “wedding” for the Russian, English and Kyrgyz cultures; the lack of existing research approaches to the description of the highlighted concept; the need for a detailed and comprehensive study of this concept, which is a fragment of a separate concept sphere. The aim of the research is a linguo-cognitive and linguocultural analysis of the universal concept “wedding”, which is actualized in correlated fragments of Russian, English and Kyrgyz cultures.
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Статья научная
The Malus is a deciduous tree of the Rosaceae family, which is actively used in horticulture. In order to maintain healthy, productive trees and fruits, it is necessary to know what pests and control measures exist. The paper presents a review of modern literature on the means and methods of combating diseases and pests of the apple tree. In conclusion, practical conclusions are given about the most effective methods of struggle.
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