- Все статьи 6993
-
Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 6993
To the question of the etiology and clinical significance of the U wave of the ECG
Статья научная
This article reviews the etiology and clinical significance of the U wave of the ECG. The conclusion about the importance of competent interpretation of this wave in the treatment of such heart diseases as myocardial ischemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, coronary insufficiency and others. Advanced and proven mechanism of U wave.
Бесплатно
To the question on the technology of koumiss production
Статья научная
This article is devoted to the analysis of methods of production of koumiss. Koumiss, unlike kefir, has a more delicate, soft and gentle sour-milk taste, and aroma has tender flakes of casein. The ways of making koumiss are described. An accelerated, easier method of preparing koumiss without maturation and without prolonged mixing is known. However, this method was not widely used. The article describes that the technological regimes for the preparation of koumiss are controlled only organoleptically. The general techniques in the technology of making koumiss are revealed: thelong-term fermentation method and the method of short-term fermentation. The article shows the technology of koumiss production. The inventions of koumiss preparation are considered. It is concluded that there is a need for physicochemical studies of koumiss production and the establishment of its optimal regimes for Kazakhstan.
Бесплатно
Tomato crops powdery mildews in the western part of Azerbaijan and measures to combat it
Статья научная
In the western part of Azerbaijan, tomato plants currently make up half of the open and covered fields. In recent years, the range and damage possibilities of fungi, which were rarely encountered before and were not characterized by high damage, have expanded in the tomato plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. The route and stationary observation-calculation works conducted in the western part of Azerbaijan showed that numerous pathogens are spread in tomato crops. Among these diseases, it has been determined that powdery mildew disease, which was not of economic importance before, prevails due to its spread and damage to crops. A fungicide trial was conducted against the disease.
Бесплатно
Topical issues in training vocational educators of economy and management
Статья научная
The article is dedicated to considering the content of documents on vocational educators of economy and management. The conformity of the documents has been examined. The current employers’ requirements for vocational educators of economy and management and indication of current issues with the ways to solve them have been provided.
Бесплатно
Totem beliefs in livestock farming in the southwest of the Fergana valley
Статья научная
Based on the totem beliefs of the Kyrgyz people, various beliefs and rituals are determined. Most of them adhere to the Islamic religion, bones, wool, color of livestock and dairy products, items used to keep pets, are considered sacred. The scientific novelty of this article is that the information about totemic beliefs in livestock of the Kyrgyz in the southwest of the Ferghana Valley was summarized and presented in full for the first time on a scientific basis. The article aims to determine the characteristics of totemic beliefs in Kyrgyz livestock in the southwest of the Fergana Valley. The study is based on the ceremony dedicated to Zengi Baba and Akyika is a single important ritual that combines totemic faith and the principles of Islam. The remnants of totemic beliefs in livestock were syncretized with pre-Islamic beliefs and Islam, and were regularly used in everyday life among the people. Most of the totemic belief remnants lost their original meaning under the influence of Islam, some merged with it and are entirely used in the traditional culture of the Kyrgyz.
Бесплатно
Towards the analysis of paleoanthropological finds from the Selungur cave
Статья научная
This study focuses on the paleoanthropological analysis of odontological materials recovered from the Selungur Cave site, which dates to the Upper Paleolithic period in Central Asia. The scientific interpretation of both archaeological artifacts (lithic assemblages) and organic remains from this site remains a subject of debate. In particular, the taxonomic classification of ancient human teeth recovered from the cultural layers of Selungur Cave has been contentious, leading to unresolved discussions regarding their attribution to a specific hominin group. However, recent morphological analyses conducted by the eminent anthropologist, Professor A. Zubov, have provided critical insights into this issue. Comparative odontological assessments indicate that the dental remains from Selungur Cave exhibit morphological affinities with archaic hominins, particularly Asian Homo erectus, thereby offering a more definitive classification of these remains.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
This article is devoted to learning long traditions of Surkhan valley agriculture. It was proved by ethnographical field materials and archive documents in this article that Surkhan valley was surrounded by mountains covering 3 sides, only southern side was open to Amu-Darya, and this geographical position was very comfortable for agriculture. It was scientifically determined that Surkhan valley was not only high-tempered area, but also very convenient land with sunny weather. New kinds of the crops of Surkhan valley agriculture were augmented according to local position at the period of Bukhara emirate. Creating special kinds of land products and cereals suitable for valley climate were written based on archive sources. Changes happening on sowing crops in the valley influencing political, economic and ethnographical processes resulted by Bukhara emirate’s being dependent to Russian empire were given based on scientific literature, archive materials, and statistics. As well as stretching cotton-growing lands, traditions of agriculture, and transformation processes were analyzed by many historical-ethnographical sources for this time.
Бесплатно
Training at school and university: results of the imitating modeling
Статья научная
In the article the features of use of the computer simulations for study of the didactic systems are discussed. It is offered the three-component model of training of the learner interested by exact sciences, which after leaving school goes to university on physical and mathematical faculty. The purpose and tasks. To study opportunities of construction of the “teacher-learner” model which takes into account: 1) division of the educational disciplines on the “exact” and "humanitarian-qualitative" subjects; 2) distributions of the educational information on years of training; 3) transitions of the weak (quickly forgotten) knowledge in the strong knowledge, which the pupil forgets slower; 4) dependences of the learner’s motivation and the assimilation coefficient from character of the learned subjects and year of training; 5) degrees of use of the studied material on various disciplines at the subsequent training and everyday life. To create the imitating model of training at school and university, to analyse the results of modeling. Methodology. The methods of the qualitative, mathematical and computer (imitating) modeling are used. It is analysed the one-component model of the didactic system. The three-component model of training at school and university is created, the system of the differential equations is written, the computer program, which calculates the learner's knowledge in the various time moments, is submitted. Results. The computer model of the system “teacher-learner” is offered. The graphs of temporary dependences of the strong and weak knowledge of the physical and mathematical and “humanitarian-qualitative” disciplines are received and analysed. Conclusions. It is proved the possibility of creation of the imitating model of training at school and university which for any moment of time allows to calculate approximate quantity of: 1) the strong and weak knowledge of learner; 2) the knowledge of the “exact” and “humanitarian” subjects; 3) the pupil’s knowledge studied within concrete year of training.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are vital energy-conversion devices in a hydrogen-fueled economic. In this study, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study 4e- oxygen reduction reaction process on transition metal embedded in single and double vacancies (SV and DV) in a graphene. We calculated bonding energy and adsorption energy on CoX3 (X = B, C, N, Si, P and S) and CoX4 (X = B, C, N, Si, P and S) embedded in graphene. Our DFT results indicate that formation of CoX3 is unfeasible and the formation of CoX4 is feasible. In addition, the crucial role of ligand atoms near embedded metal atoms is revealed via the molecular orbital theory. Then the Gibbs free energy of CoX4 are calculated and the CoN4, CoS4, and CoP4 are predicted to be active for catalyzing ORR, and these also show ligand atoms’ coordination effect for catalytic activity of central metal. Furthermore, we observed that they have identical rate-determining step (RDS). This work can provide some references for transition atoms catalytic doped in carbon materials.
Бесплатно
Transition of nanoparticles Fе3O4 and Al in a simplified aquatic food chain
Статья научная
This article presents the results of experiments on the transitions of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (20-30 nm) and Al (18 nm) from one organism to another, making up a simple food chain (plant-mollusk-fish). In experiments, mollusks (Melonopsis praemorsa) feed on the leaves of plant ( Elodea canadensis ) after being contaminated with Al or Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were detected using TEM analysis in the cells of the mollusk’s organs. Then the fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed with mollusks. The distribution and localization of nanoparticles in fish organs has been determined. Experimental results showed that nanoparticles can pass from one organism to another in the food chain. Nanoparticles accumulate mainly in the liver of mollusks and fish.
Бесплатно
Translating Methods of Realities in English, Russian and Kyrgyz Culture
Статья научная
This article is devoted to the problem of translation of linguistic realities in English, Russian and Kyrgyz cultures. The article is an overview of the realities in the mentioned cultures. An attempt is made to find ways to overcome the linguo-ethnic barrier when translating concepts from the Kyrgyz language, reflecting the national character. The essence of this problem boils down to the fact that the main requirement of translation is to preserve the originality of the translated text and to study the cultural component of the text. It should be aimed at identifying the differences between the original and the translation, not only because of the linguistic form, but also because of the cultural one. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the elements of the linguistic specificity of translation of realities in English, Russian and Kyrgyz cultures. The subject of the research is ethnic elements - objective problems arising during translation, and methods of their solution, that is, the transfer of cultural realities during translation. The article examines the theory of cultural realities in the translation aspect and analyzes the main features and methods of translating words-realities. The selected realities are analyzed from the point of view of their translation methods to identify the most effective ones. To solve the set specific tasks, the following methods were used in the work: analysis, synthesis, classification and generalization of the data obtained. As a result of the study, material was obtained, the analysis of which made it possible to conclude that the choice of one way or another way to overcome the linguo-ethnic barrier depends on the situation of intercultural communication, as well as on the goals of the participants in the communication.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. This paper presents results of treating patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (BC). All the patients underwent surgical intervention, adjuvant, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were evaluated the volume of which depended on the stage of the disease. The side effects of different treatment options were analyzed. Triple-negative breast cancers have a relapse pattern that is very different from hormone-positive breast cancers: the risk of relapse is much higher for the first 3-5 years but drops sharply and substantially below that of hormone-positive breast cancers after that. Five-year relapse-free and overall survival rates were traced in this patient group. It is concluded that the used procedures of combination treatment for metastatic triple-negative BC are highly effective.
Бесплатно
Trend models for the analysis of socio-economic security
Статья научная
The correctness of the trend choice for forecasting the characteristics of socio-economic security statistics can be qualified by the mean square error and the aspect of “Ascending” and “Descending” series (although there are other aspects, for example, the aspect based on the median of the sample). According to the proposed model, it is possible to predetermine the average monitoring errors for the development of the lower and upper limits of the forecast version of the values of the characteristics of socio-economic security statistics. The creation of a model is a rather labor-intensive process, as a result of which it is advisable to use, as a rule, the deterministic component of trend models when predicting the characteristics of socio-economic security statistics.
Бесплатно
Trends of development of the Uzbekistan stock market and analysis of influencing factors
Статья научная
The relevance and scientific and practical significance of this topic is insufficient knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of improving the infrastructure of the stock market in Uzbekistan is not sufficiently studied as an independent, independent research facility, determines the relevance of the chosen topic. In the opinion of the author, in the conditions of the current modernization of the economy it is especially important to create conditions and establish a mechanism for access to the world stock markets and have a share in it. The article analyzes the dynamics and the state of the exchange commodity turnover for 2010-2016, studied the problems, theoretical proposals and recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of the stock market. In addition, a number of factors affecting the development of the stock market of the Republic of Uzbekistan are analyzed and grouped into groups based on regression analysis, the relevance of the relationship and the direct relationship between them and the conclusions for the development of factors that are high in this regard are determined. At the end of the article, there are a number of proposals for the development of the country's stock market.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Mark Twain’s “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” stands as a cornerstone in American literature, primarily due to its distinct and innovative writing style. Twain’s use of vernacular, his conversational tone, and his vivid portrayal of emotions allow readers to connect deeply with the characters and the cultural context of the novel. This article explores Twain’s unique writing style, emphasizing his use of colloquial language, its emotional resonance, and the effect it has on character development and narrative. By analyzing Twain’s style, we understand how his linguistic techniques both reflected and influenced the cultural landscape of 19th-century America.
Бесплатно
USSR-Turkey relations (second half of the 1950s)
Статья научная
In the article, the tension of USSR-Turkey relations starting from the second half of the 20th century, the international environment and conflicts in the Middle and Middle East region in the 1950s, the projects put forward by the United States, England and France for the defense of the Middle East, the measures taken against the Soviet threat, and for the sake of influence in Syria The aggravation of the struggle between the USA and the USSR, the impact of the Syrian crisis on the relations between the USSR and Turkey was investigated. At the same time, Turkey submitted a memorandum to its Western allies that reflected the main goal of the USSR’s policy regarding the Middle East, despite the calls of the Soviet heads of state to normalize relations with Turkey in the 1950s and 1960s, the special services of the USSR ignored the Kurdish and Armenian factors in the Middle East. Attempts to use it and issues related to the Baghdad Pact were analyzed.
Бесплатно
Underwater robot technology and future trend analysis
Статья научная
Underwater positioning and navigation is a technology that provides the attitude, speed, position and other information of underwater robots. It is the premise for underwater robots to successfully complete various underwater tasks. The underwater environment is complex and changeable, and a single positioning and navigation technology will inevitably not meet the needs of long-range, multi-target and high-precision. The navigation system of the future underwater intelligent robot integrates the integrated navigation mode of various technologies. This paper discusses the basic underwater positioning and navigation mode and integrated navigation mode, describes the development process of underwater positioning and navigation technology, compares the research methods and progress of Chinese and foreign scholars, analyzes the current research bottlenecks and technical difficulties, and points out the direction for future research, which can be used as a reference for the follow-up research of underwater robot positioning and navigation system.
Бесплатно
Urbanity and rurality in the color culture
Статья научная
The research object is urban color as an independent cultural phenomenon, and its subject is a sociocultural context of urban coloristics. The paper presents a theoretical model of the structure of urban color, contains characteristics of formation and interaction mechanisms between the main components of the model and the analysis of a specific case proving and illustrating core principles of the basic theoretical model. A combination of two basic methods was used during the research. At the first stage a theoretical model of the structure of the urban color culture was built on the basis of document analysis. At the second stage the study was conducted with the help of case-study methodology. The sources of the research accounted for documents from the funds of archives, architectural photographs, artistic and graphical works, multicolored photo-postcards with cityscapes, documents regulating urban coloristics. The conducted theoretical and empirical analysis concluded that the key characteristic of the urban color culture is the splitting of urban coloristics into two parts - official and domestic. Each element of this dichotomous model possesses its own semantics and fulfills different social functions. The norms of urban mode of life (urbanity) are realized in official color culture. Its colors are historically changeable, progressive and subject to the so called color globalization. On the contrary, domestic color spaces represent the peculiarities of rural pattern (rurality) and possess marked territorial characteristics. [A1] Two components of urban color culture not only coexist compiling urban coloristics. They constantly interact and as a result of their interaction a certain color composition appears in urban space. Synchronic and diachronic layers of color field are easy to reconstruct. They rather precisely represent the character and disposition of social power, show the peculiarities of relations between individual and collective agents of social field, characteristic sign-symbolical codes, mechanisms of color representation and maintenance of color connotations. Together the components of urban culture form a stable system, a structure that should be taken into account while designing color compositions for modern cities.
Бесплатно
Urbanization as a social process: historical analysis
Статья научная
This article analyses the historical and modern, foreign and local research based on a multi-dimensional approach from the point of view of the forms-schemes, main directions and strategies of the “urban society”, formed as a result of the expansion and deepening of urbanization processes.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Previous studies have allowed us to determine important characteristics characteristic of significant species of the genus Alchemilla L. in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Species of this genus are widely represented in Azerbaijan. The issue of practical use of species of the genus Alchemilla L. is considered. The characteristics of the main species and their use in medicine and as ornamental plants are given. The analysis of already published data on flora and assessment of the state of vegetation of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is presented.
Бесплатно
