Статьи. Рубрика в журнале - Schole. Философское антиковедение и классическая традиция
Статья научная
The article makes an assumption about a probable reference to Petronius' Satyricon, occurring in Federico Fellini's novel A Marriage Agency (Un'agenzia matrimoniale), which is part of the anthology film Love in the City (L'amore in città, 1953) made by a group of Italian film directors. Many a time did the Italian film maker admit that he had discovered Petronius as early as his years at the lyceum in Rimini. The author of the article adduces arguments testifying to a possible influence Petronius may have had on Fellini; he draws parallels between the ancient horror-story told by a freedman, Niceros, at the feast held by Trimalchio (Sat. 61-62) and the modern story created by Federico Fellini. These parallels in the stories about werewolves (versipellis), found in Petronius' Satyricon and in Fellini's A Marriage Agency, are credible coincidences. Fellini chose the tale about a werewolf, which may have been inspired by Petronius' novel that had had a great influence on him in his green years. And the horror-story about a lycanthrope told by Niceros is undoubtedly one of the most memorable ones at the cena Trimalchionis. If the assumption in the article is true, then the story A Marriage Agency is Fellini's yet another film that, along with Satyricon, features the Petronius subject, and, what is most important, this happened half a decade before his ‘historiographic' masterpiece.
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Antisthenes: cynic or aristocrat?
Рецензия
Review of: Kennedy, William John, ed. (2017) Antisthenes' Literary Fragments: Edited with Introduction, Translations, and Commentary. A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Faculty of Arts, University of Sydney. (https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/16595/1/Kennedy_WJ_Thesis%20Final.pdf). The review deals with a thesis by William John Kennedy devoted to Antisthenes. The authors of the review are chiefly interested in the first part of the work where Kennedy is attempting to substantiate his controversial view on Antisthenes' philosophical affiliation, asserting that he had nothing to do with the Cynics and in his ethical judgment abided by traditional tenets of Athenian aristocracy. The review is focusing on those hermeneutical devices, including rather biased translations that allow the author to come to a conclusion that breaks so starkly with the standard position in modern Classical studies.
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Aphrodite : the subversion of the myth of Prometheus and Pandora in Empedocles
Статья научная
This article examines the relationship between Hesiod and Empedocles through a comparative analysis of the Prometheus and Pandora myth and the Queen Cypris narrative. The author sustains that correspondences between the works of Hesiod and Empedocles can be interpreted through the framework of overlapping narrative structures, which would help to establish the order of the fragments. The relationship between Empedocles and Hesiod is polemic due to the fact that they belong to rival schools of wisdom. In the case of Empedocles, that school emanated from the Sanctuary of Apollo in Delphi.
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Статья научная
The article serves as a starting point for a research project dedicated to the dichotomy of private and public, and its implications and dynamics in the late Roman republic - early Empire. The primary focus is on the roman private spaces in the villas and houses of the Vesuvian archaeological area. The main methodological approach is represented by the ‘space syntax” theory of B. Hillier and the “movement as memory” theory of D. Favro developed within the logics of Spatial Turn studies, further refined by A. Russel in her works on Roman public space.
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Статья научная
В статье исследуется учение византийского философа и богослова Максима Исповедника (c. 580-662) о воле и волевом акте. Анализируется группа понятий, содержание которых Максим обсуждает применительно к этапам и составляющим процесса воления. Показано, что сердцевину понятийного аппарата, на основе которого Максим, вовлеченный в христологическую полемику с монофелитами, строит свое учение о воле, составляют термины, обсуждаемые Аристотелем в «Никомаховой этике» III, 4, 1111b 4 - 7, 1113b 22. Также реконструируется учение Максима о естественной и избирательной волях человека.
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Aristotle on love and friendship
Статья научная
David Constant (Brown University, Providence, USA) presents a small paper entitled "Aristotle on Love and Friendship," in which he shows that, contrary to the opinion of many ancient scholars, the term philia in Aristotle means selective and effective relations between people, and not ties like kinship, conditioned by reciprocal obligations and not assuming an effective element as an essential characteristic. In addition, the author solves the ambiguity problem of the word philia, which can mean both "love" and mutual affection, characteristic of friendship.
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Ars vitae in iamblichus and in the stoic Seneca
Статья научная
Seneca expounds a theory of therapy and teaching with the ultimate goal of self knowledge and wisdom. Some of his techniques are based on Pythagorean principles or derive ideas from them, among them the focused and constant ascesis of self control. Iamblichus in De Vita Pythagorica exhibits great interest on the fact that mans inherent abilities along with the aid of proper education suffice for his attainment of wisdom. For both thinkers, knowledge through practice is considered to be one of the major philosophical demands in the perspective of an ars vitae. The human being has to canalize himself into the modeling of a new way of living, an art of living which will contribute decisively to the fulfillment of his teleology, to his perpetual eudaimonia (bene vivere). The admittance of individual differences in peoples ability to reform themselves only signifies the more intense effort of the teacher towards a purification of their intellect and greater engagement of the individuals volition but not their inability for correction.
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Beauty, love and art: the legacy of ancient Greece
Статья научная
There is a deep problem with beauty. Beauty is commonly equated with sexual attractiveness. Yet there is also the beauty of art, which arouses an aesthetic response of disinterested contemplation. As Roger Scruton writes in his recent book, Beauty (2009): “In the realm of art beauty is an object of contemplation, not desire.” Are there, then, two kinds of beauty? By looking back at the classical Greek conception of beauty, we may see how it gave rise to the modern dilemma, and some possible ways of resolving it.
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Bee Swarms and New Polities: The Influence of Plato’s Laws on Virgil’s Aeneid
Статья научная
The influence of Plato on Virgil has been the subject of research into the sources for the Aeneid. Plato’s longest work, the Nomoi or Laws, has not received attention as a possible inspiration for Virgil. Close study of certain passages will demonstrate that Plato’s use of bee imagery in particular as part of his metaphorical description of the process by which new polities are established may have been influential on Virgil’s artistic presentation of the development and foundation of what would develop into the Lavinium of the future.
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Call me Batieia. The meaning of nicknames in Amazon myths
Статья научная
The Amazon stories in written sources have provided us with most of the names of their protagonists. Antiope, Hippolyta and Penthesilea are the best known, but there were many others. Sometimes they corresponded to secondary characters in works by lesser-known authors, which prevented them from achieving the same renown. The iconographic sources not only reveal the scope of these myths in certain social spheres, but also provide new variants, to the point of creating a panorama that is necessary for the analysis of the Amazon universe. Despite this, and the large volume of information available in art, only a small part of it includes written references to its protagonists. The present work offers a broad and complete record of Amazon onomastics present in art and literature throughout antiquity. Its study provides a basis for unravelling not only the Amazon image in the Hellenistic collective imaginary, but also its political organisation and the transfer of power associated with its mythical culture.
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Comparison of Religions in the Medieval Arab and Latin Traditions
Статья научная
According to some recent studies, until the 16th or 17th century, there was no concept of religion as such (“religion in general”), because before then, people only recognised their own faith as religion, and it was only after the European Reformation, which created conditions for religious pluralism, that this situation changed. The purpose of this article is to introduce and validate an alternative perspective. The authors argue that long before the European Reformation, in both the Islamic East and Christian West, the concept of “religion” (“faith,” “sect,” etc.) was utilised by certain scholars, who were engaged in the comparative analysis of religions. Typically, the conceptual framework for such analysis was provided by (proto)science and philosophy: thus, ʾAbū Maʿšar (d. 886) examined religions in the naturalistic context of astronomy (astrology), while al-Fārābī (d. c. 950) used the core concepts of Aristotle’s moral and political philosophy. As early as the 13th century, Roger Bacon (c. 1214 – c. 1294) developed the ideas of his predecessors and produced what might be referred to as a synthetic medieval theory of religion, which, in turn, influenced the later discussions on “religion” and religions.
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Cuneiform tablet Plimpton 322 and Pythagorean triples in ancient Babylon
Статья научная
The article proposes a new reconstruction of the ancient Babylonian cuneiform tablet Plimpton 322, containing 15 Pythagorean triples. This reconstruction is based on a sequential listing of sexagesimal fractions that have a finite number of digits and lie within the specified interval.
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Статья научная
This paper is an overview and introduction to the key elements of Damascius’ philosophy. I examine the attributes and the relationship between the Ineffable, the One, and the All as the cornerstones of his theoretical system. I then investigate the role of this system of thought for Damascius and his contemporaries as a guide to the philosophical life and its repercussions for attaining the highest principles. Is contemplation possible or are other means needed, such as theurgy and purification of the soul? Does the philosopher occupy a privileged position in this system, as in the preceding Platonic tradition or is the philosopher’s position different, by the experience of void and the inability to speak about and grasp the ‘nothingness’ of the highest principles?
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De arte metrica беды досточтимого и христианизация образования в раннем Средневековье
Статья научная
В статье показано, какие тексты христианских поэтов Беда Досточтимый использовал при написании De arte metrica , как он их цитировал и привлекал; демонстрируется, каким образом в образовательном процессе раннего Средневековья происходило вытеснение существующих норм классического стиха и их замена на христианские.
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Статья научная
Статья завершает исследование эротического ритуала предсвадебных мистерий Артемиды в античной Митилене и его отображения в поэзии Сапфо и Алкея. Девушки-невесты либо новобрачные, проходя посвящение в мистерии Артемиды, приносили в жертву Артемиде свою девственность (ср.: Sapph. Fr. 99 (a-b), Sapph. Fr. 114 Campbell; SEG XX 717, 84-97; IG XII (2) 255; Ps.-Aeschin. 10 и др.). При этом старшие девушки в ходе этого ритуала, по-видимому, выступали в образе Гермеса, фаллического божества плодородия (ср. Sapph. Fr. 141, Sapph. Fr. 150 Campbell; TAM III/1 35, A1). В пользу такой интерпретации свидетельствует сопоставительный анализ данных археологии, эпиграфики и литературной традиции.
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Delta Берроуза для древнегреческих авторов: опыт применения
Статья научная
В этой статье предпринята попытка эмпирически оценить эффективность метода измерения стилистической разницы, известного как Delta Берроуза, на материале древнегреческого корпуса. Эксперимент с корпусом из четырнадцати (и затем восьми) авторов подтвердил общую эффективность метода. Даже на небольших выборках в 1000–5000 слов решения Delta по большей части корректны, а ее ошибки связаны в основном с текстами, близкими в жанровом отношении. Именно жанровое сходство в обучающей выборке, а не количество слов или длина отрывка, оказывает наибольшее влияние на результат классификации. В спорных случаях, особенно если нет возможности использовать отрывки большей длины (10 000 слов и больше), составление шорт-листов предпочтительнее, чем назначение единственного кандидата. Подобные шорт-листы дают адекватное представление о ближайших стилистических соседях испытуемого текста, оставляя свободу исследователю в интерпретации результатов.
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Demonology in the De deo Socratis and in other works of Apuleius of Madauros. Socrates’ daimonion
Статья научная
The article discusses one of the most interesting and important topics in the philosophy of Middle Platonism, namely demonological issues, including the topic of the Socrates’ daimonion, in the writings of Apuleius of Madauros, one of the most important representatives of this trend of philosophy from the 2nd century AD. The issue of the historical sources of Apuleius’ demonology is also discussed. The author is of the opinion that the main source of Apuleius’ demonology were the works of Plato, alongside some influences from the beliefs of the Romans.
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Dialectical approaches of temperance in the platonic dialogue “Charmides” (157c-158e)
Статья научная
The purpose of this article is to investigate how the discussion in Plato’s “Charmides” is formed with respect to a) the ontological and epistemological approaches of the virtue of temperance and b) how the transition from a general definition of a virtue to its presence to a person is accomplished. After a concise presentation of those discussed in the passage 156d-157c, where we follow Plato’s views on the soul to that time, we focus on how dialectics between Socrates and “Charmides” develops in the passage 157c-158e. Our article includes, apart from an introduction and an epilogue, two chapters. The first one is mostly analytical and the second is mainly formed by synthetic judgements. They are both crucial mostly for methodological reasons, since through them we can follow how temperance turns gradually into a question to be investigated and how the Athenian philosopher attempts to set the foundations of a discussion based on rational reason with the main reference focusing on the criteria which someone can use to prove that he possesses temperance.
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Early Theory of Language and Sophistic Argumentation in the Derveni Papyrus
Статья научная
The article discusses the impact of the early sophistic theories of language on the style and argumentation of the Derveni author and shows that he engages deeply with the problematics of semantics as discussed by the sophists, in particular the notions of correct speech, the proper meanings of words, synonymy and homonymy. Aristotle notes that the main device of the sophists is homonymy, the use of which permeates the style and argumentation of the text of the papyrus. According to Aristotle, the concept of homonymy includes general notions. Such an approach can already be observed in the Derveni papyrus, in particular regarding the notion of sameness (τὸ αὐτό) which the author uses in three different ways while playing with its polysemy: the sameness of one and many, the sameness of the opposite aspects of one process and the sameness of synonyms. The article suggests how this sophisticated approach of the author may correspond to earlier hermeneutic traditions related to the orphic theogonic poems.
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Elements in the Pre-cosmic Chaos in Plato’s Timaeus
Статья научная
In this paper I discuss the pre-cosmic state of elements in the Timaeus, when they existed as “vestiges of their own nature” (53b2). In the Timaeus, Plato distinguishes between two states of the elements: pre-cosmic (47e-53c) and cosmic (53c-57d). While the cosmic state of the elements has been extensively analyzed, the pre-cosmic state remains less clear and continues to be the topic of ongoing scholarly debate. Some scholars share the opinion that in the pre-cosmic state of the world the elements were bodies having certain stereometric forms (e. g. Archer-Hind, Taylor, Mortley, Mohr, Miller etc.). While other scholars believe that there were no bodies, but some forces and qualities placed in the Receptacle (e. g. Cornford, Zeyl, Waterfield etc.). I would like to demonstrate that the first interpretation is more consistent with Plato's overall thought than the second. Firstly, I examine the cosmic state of the elements, shaped by the Demiurge into regular polyhedra, in comparison with the pre-cosmic chaos, described as a "field" of heterogeneous, unbalanced forces. Secondly, I define the status of elements in the Timaeus, their role as causes of motion, and the nature of the Receptacle. And finally, I analyze the opinions of ancient commentators on the pre-cosmic chaos, including the presence of primary bodies there and the interpretation of "vestiges" of the elements. I came to the conclusion, that (1) Cornford's interpretation, which posits only forces and qualities in the pre-cosmic chaos, contradicts Plato's fundamental premise that physical movement requires a bodily substrate.; and (2) the description of the pre-cosmic state of the world, which suggests the presence of the elements as disordered and unformed bodies, was widely supported by the views of Plato's ancient commentators.
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