Статьи. Рубрика в журнале - Schole. Философское антиковедение и классическая традиция
Статья научная
The article makes an assumption about a probable reference to Petronius' Satyricon, occurring in Federico Fellini's novel A Marriage Agency (Un'agenzia matrimoniale), which is part of the anthology film Love in the City (L'amore in città, 1953) made by a group of Italian film directors. Many a time did the Italian film maker admit that he had discovered Petronius as early as his years at the lyceum in Rimini. The author of the article adduces arguments testifying to a possible influence Petronius may have had on Fellini; he draws parallels between the ancient horror-story told by a freedman, Niceros, at the feast held by Trimalchio (Sat. 61-62) and the modern story created by Federico Fellini. These parallels in the stories about werewolves (versipellis), found in Petronius' Satyricon and in Fellini's A Marriage Agency, are credible coincidences. Fellini chose the tale about a werewolf, which may have been inspired by Petronius' novel that had had a great influence on him in his green years. And the horror-story about a lycanthrope told by Niceros is undoubtedly one of the most memorable ones at the cena Trimalchionis. If the assumption in the article is true, then the story A Marriage Agency is Fellini's yet another film that, along with Satyricon, features the Petronius subject, and, what is most important, this happened half a decade before his ‘historiographic' masterpiece.
Бесплатно
Antisthenes: cynic or aristocrat?
Рецензия
Review of: Kennedy, William John, ed. (2017) Antisthenes' Literary Fragments: Edited with Introduction, Translations, and Commentary. A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Faculty of Arts, University of Sydney. (https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/16595/1/Kennedy_WJ_Thesis%20Final.pdf). The review deals with a thesis by William John Kennedy devoted to Antisthenes. The authors of the review are chiefly interested in the first part of the work where Kennedy is attempting to substantiate his controversial view on Antisthenes' philosophical affiliation, asserting that he had nothing to do with the Cynics and in his ethical judgment abided by traditional tenets of Athenian aristocracy. The review is focusing on those hermeneutical devices, including rather biased translations that allow the author to come to a conclusion that breaks so starkly with the standard position in modern Classical studies.
Бесплатно
Aphrodite : the subversion of the myth of Prometheus and Pandora in Empedocles
Статья научная
This article examines the relationship between Hesiod and Empedocles through a comparative analysis of the Prometheus and Pandora myth and the Queen Cypris narrative. The author sustains that correspondences between the works of Hesiod and Empedocles can be interpreted through the framework of overlapping narrative structures, which would help to establish the order of the fragments. The relationship between Empedocles and Hesiod is polemic due to the fact that they belong to rival schools of wisdom. In the case of Empedocles, that school emanated from the Sanctuary of Apollo in Delphi.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article serves as a starting point for a research project dedicated to the dichotomy of private and public, and its implications and dynamics in the late Roman republic - early Empire. The primary focus is on the roman private spaces in the villas and houses of the Vesuvian archaeological area. The main methodological approach is represented by the ‘space syntax” theory of B. Hillier and the “movement as memory” theory of D. Favro developed within the logics of Spatial Turn studies, further refined by A. Russel in her works on Roman public space.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
В статье исследуется учение византийского философа и богослова Максима Исповедника (c. 580-662) о воле и волевом акте. Анализируется группа понятий, содержание которых Максим обсуждает применительно к этапам и составляющим процесса воления. Показано, что сердцевину понятийного аппарата, на основе которого Максим, вовлеченный в христологическую полемику с монофелитами, строит свое учение о воле, составляют термины, обсуждаемые Аристотелем в «Никомаховой этике» III, 4, 1111b 4 - 7, 1113b 22. Также реконструируется учение Максима о естественной и избирательной волях человека.
Бесплатно
Aristotle on love and friendship
Статья научная
David Constant (Brown University, Providence, USA) presents a small paper entitled "Aristotle on Love and Friendship," in which he shows that, contrary to the opinion of many ancient scholars, the term philia in Aristotle means selective and effective relations between people, and not ties like kinship, conditioned by reciprocal obligations and not assuming an effective element as an essential characteristic. In addition, the author solves the ambiguity problem of the word philia, which can mean both "love" and mutual affection, characteristic of friendship.
Бесплатно
Ars vitae in iamblichus and in the stoic Seneca
Статья научная
Seneca expounds a theory of therapy and teaching with the ultimate goal of self knowledge and wisdom. Some of his techniques are based on Pythagorean principles or derive ideas from them, among them the focused and constant ascesis of self control. Iamblichus in De Vita Pythagorica exhibits great interest on the fact that mans inherent abilities along with the aid of proper education suffice for his attainment of wisdom. For both thinkers, knowledge through practice is considered to be one of the major philosophical demands in the perspective of an ars vitae. The human being has to canalize himself into the modeling of a new way of living, an art of living which will contribute decisively to the fulfillment of his teleology, to his perpetual eudaimonia (bene vivere). The admittance of individual differences in peoples ability to reform themselves only signifies the more intense effort of the teacher towards a purification of their intellect and greater engagement of the individuals volition but not their inability for correction.
Бесплатно
Aspects of the utilization of Gnoseology and Formal Logic in Gregory Palamas
Статья научная
This article attempts to investigate the way in which Gregory Palamas utilizes Platonic and, mostly, Aristotelian Philosophy which relates to Gnoseology and formal Logic in his attempt to prove the distinction between affirmative and apophatic Theology. In particular, it will focus on terms that capture the way in which human beings attempt to describe both metaphysical and natural-empirical Ontology. The most important conclusion we draw is that Gregory Palamas shows a preference for Aristotelian Logic, which he transforms in a Christian way. This insight arises mainly from the way he makes use of the argument about “qualities”, which, on the one hand, determine the essence of created beings-states and, on the other hand, reflect the manifestations of the divine energy of the Holy Trinity. It is an approach which highlights affirmative theology, without affecting the apophatism of the divine essence.
Бесплатно
Beauty, love and art: the legacy of ancient Greece
Статья научная
There is a deep problem with beauty. Beauty is commonly equated with sexual attractiveness. Yet there is also the beauty of art, which arouses an aesthetic response of disinterested contemplation. As Roger Scruton writes in his recent book, Beauty (2009): “In the realm of art beauty is an object of contemplation, not desire.” Are there, then, two kinds of beauty? By looking back at the classical Greek conception of beauty, we may see how it gave rise to the modern dilemma, and some possible ways of resolving it.
Бесплатно
Bee Swarms and New Polities: The Influence of Plato’s Laws on Virgil’s Aeneid
Статья научная
The influence of Plato on Virgil has been the subject of research into the sources for the Aeneid. Plato’s longest work, the Nomoi or Laws, has not received attention as a possible inspiration for Virgil. Close study of certain passages will demonstrate that Plato’s use of bee imagery in particular as part of his metaphorical description of the process by which new polities are established may have been influential on Virgil’s artistic presentation of the development and foundation of what would develop into the Lavinium of the future.
Бесплатно
Call me Batieia. The meaning of nicknames in Amazon myths
Статья научная
The Amazon stories in written sources have provided us with most of the names of their protagonists. Antiope, Hippolyta and Penthesilea are the best known, but there were many others. Sometimes they corresponded to secondary characters in works by lesser-known authors, which prevented them from achieving the same renown. The iconographic sources not only reveal the scope of these myths in certain social spheres, but also provide new variants, to the point of creating a panorama that is necessary for the analysis of the Amazon universe. Despite this, and the large volume of information available in art, only a small part of it includes written references to its protagonists. The present work offers a broad and complete record of Amazon onomastics present in art and literature throughout antiquity. Its study provides a basis for unravelling not only the Amazon image in the Hellenistic collective imaginary, but also its political organisation and the transfer of power associated with its mythical culture.
Бесплатно
Cicero’s inference from a non-axiomatic system
Статья научная
Cicero posed a controversial claim. He proposed that the Stoics admitted an inference hard to accept. That inference is also incorrect in propositional calculus. It consists of two premises and a conclusion. The first premise is the negation of a conjunction. The second premise is the negation of one of the conjuncts of that conjunction. The conclusion provides that those premises allow deriving the truth of the other conjunct. My purpose here is not to analyze whether the inference can be valid in the general framework of Stoic logic. My intention is not to argue in favor of or against the idea that Cicero made a mistake either. The aim of the paper is only to show that a non-axiomatic logic can make inferences akin to that described by Cicero, and that, hence, an Artificial Intelligence system based on that logic can also do that. Two components of the logic are essential here: its inheritance copula and its concept of extensional difference.
Бесплатно
Commentary on “The Division of the Quadrant” by Omar Khayyam
Статья научная
In his treatise On the Division of the Quadrant, Omar Khayyam examines two interconnected geometric problems leading to cubic equations. This paper provides a detailed mathematical commentary on Khayyam’s text, translating his verbal geometric operations into the language of symbolic algebra. By analyzing the internal logic of Khayyam’s constructions–including his unsuccessful attempts in the main text and their subsequent corrections in the appendix–the author restores the sequence of reasoning that led to his algebraic findings. Furthermore, the study examines these problems in the light of Alpay Özdural’s hypothesis, which links Khayyam’s geometry to practical architectural ornamentation found in an anonymous Persian manual. The analysis demonstrates how Khayyam’s “pure” mathematics, while presented in a closed and abstract style, is intrinsically embedded in the applied tradition of medieval Islamic design.
Бесплатно
Comparison of Religions in the Medieval Arab and Latin Traditions
Статья научная
According to some recent studies, until the 16th or 17th century, there was no concept of religion as such (“religion in general”), because before then, people only recognised their own faith as religion, and it was only after the European Reformation, which created conditions for religious pluralism, that this situation changed. The purpose of this article is to introduce and validate an alternative perspective. The authors argue that long before the European Reformation, in both the Islamic East and Christian West, the concept of “religion” (“faith,” “sect,” etc.) was utilised by certain scholars, who were engaged in the comparative analysis of religions. Typically, the conceptual framework for such analysis was provided by (proto)science and philosophy: thus, ʾAbū Maʿšar (d. 886) examined religions in the naturalistic context of astronomy (astrology), while al-Fārābī (d. c. 950) used the core concepts of Aristotle’s moral and political philosophy. As early as the 13th century, Roger Bacon (c. 1214 – c. 1294) developed the ideas of his predecessors and produced what might be referred to as a synthetic medieval theory of religion, which, in turn, influenced the later discussions on “religion” and religions.
Бесплатно
Crypto-Paganism in the later Roman Empire. Part I: Concealed identity and false conversion
Статья научная
This article explores crypto-paganism in the later Roman Empire as a phenomenon of concealed religious identity shaped by coercion, conformity, and false conversion to Christianity. It argues that successful dissimulation normally leaves no documentary trace, while accusations of paganism are frequently preserved only in polemical or judicial contexts, often arising after political disgrace or conflict with ecclesiastical authorities. As a result, modern attempts to identify “cryptopagans” risk reproducing the ambiguities already present in Late Antique evidence. By combining narrative, legal, and rhetorical sources, this article shows that covert adherence to traditional cults nevertheless persisted from the fourth to at least the early seventh century, particularly among members of the political and cultural elite. At the same time, from the mid-sixth century onward, accusations of paganism increasingly lost precise confessional meaning and functioned as a flexible instrument of social mobilization and denunciation, especially in periods of crisis. Crypto-paganism thus appears not as a marginal survival strategy, but as a structural by-product of Christianization under conditions of legal and social pressure.
Бесплатно
Cuneiform tablet Plimpton 322 and Pythagorean triples in ancient Babylon
Статья научная
The article proposes a new reconstruction of the ancient Babylonian cuneiform tablet Plimpton 322, containing 15 Pythagorean triples. This reconstruction is based on a sequential listing of sexagesimal fractions that have a finite number of digits and lie within the specified interval.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
This paper is an overview and introduction to the key elements of Damascius’ philosophy. I examine the attributes and the relationship between the Ineffable, the One, and the All as the cornerstones of his theoretical system. I then investigate the role of this system of thought for Damascius and his contemporaries as a guide to the philosophical life and its repercussions for attaining the highest principles. Is contemplation possible or are other means needed, such as theurgy and purification of the soul? Does the philosopher occupy a privileged position in this system, as in the preceding Platonic tradition or is the philosopher’s position different, by the experience of void and the inability to speak about and grasp the ‘nothingness’ of the highest principles?
Бесплатно
De arte metrica беды досточтимого и христианизация образования в раннем Средневековье
Статья научная
В статье показано, какие тексты христианских поэтов Беда Досточтимый использовал при написании De arte metrica , как он их цитировал и привлекал; демонстрируется, каким образом в образовательном процессе раннего Средневековья происходило вытеснение существующих норм классического стиха и их замена на христианские.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Статья завершает исследование эротического ритуала предсвадебных мистерий Артемиды в античной Митилене и его отображения в поэзии Сапфо и Алкея. Девушки-невесты либо новобрачные, проходя посвящение в мистерии Артемиды, приносили в жертву Артемиде свою девственность (ср.: Sapph. Fr. 99 (a-b), Sapph. Fr. 114 Campbell; SEG XX 717, 84-97; IG XII (2) 255; Ps.-Aeschin. 10 и др.). При этом старшие девушки в ходе этого ритуала, по-видимому, выступали в образе Гермеса, фаллического божества плодородия (ср. Sapph. Fr. 141, Sapph. Fr. 150 Campbell; TAM III/1 35, A1). В пользу такой интерпретации свидетельствует сопоставительный анализ данных археологии, эпиграфики и литературной традиции.
Бесплатно
Delta Берроуза для древнегреческих авторов: опыт применения
Статья научная
В этой статье предпринята попытка эмпирически оценить эффективность метода измерения стилистической разницы, известного как Delta Берроуза, на материале древнегреческого корпуса. Эксперимент с корпусом из четырнадцати (и затем восьми) авторов подтвердил общую эффективность метода. Даже на небольших выборках в 1000–5000 слов решения Delta по большей части корректны, а ее ошибки связаны в основном с текстами, близкими в жанровом отношении. Именно жанровое сходство в обучающей выборке, а не количество слов или длина отрывка, оказывает наибольшее влияние на результат классификации. В спорных случаях, особенно если нет возможности использовать отрывки большей длины (10 000 слов и больше), составление шорт-листов предпочтительнее, чем назначение единственного кандидата. Подобные шорт-листы дают адекватное представление о ближайших стилистических соседях испытуемого текста, оставляя свободу исследователю в интерпретации результатов.
Бесплатно
